カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
Title: Retrospective dosimetry of populations exposed to reactor accident: Chernobyl example, lesson for Fukushima
Author: Vadim V. Chumak
Reference: Radiation Measurements, In Press, Corrected Proof,Jul 2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.07.004
Keywords: Dosimetry; Retrospective dosimetry; External exposure; Nuclear accident; Chernobyl; Fukushima
Abstract: ► Retrospective dosimetry in Chernobyl was applied for evaluation of individual doses to evacuees. ► Retrospective dosimetry in Chernobyl was applied for validation of ecological dosimetric models, rejection dubious dose rate records. ► Retrospective dosimetry in Chernobyl was applied for risk assessment of leukemia among Chernobyl clean-up workers (liquidators). ► Retrospective dosimetry in Chernobyl was applied for study of cataracts among liquidators. ► Experience of dose reconstruction in Chernobyl could be used for retrospective assessment of exposures in Fukushima.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448712002107
Title: Management of the Fresh Water Environment in the Chernobyl Affected Area
Author: Oleg V. Voitsekhovich, Yasuo Onishi
Reference: Chernobyl – What Have We Learned? Environmental Pollution Volume 12, 2007, pp 141-201
DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-5349-5_6
Keywords:
URL: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F1-4020-5349-5_6
Title: Radionuclide ratios of90Sr/137Cs and239(240)Pu/137Cs in contaminated surface air after the Chernobyl accident in Asutria
Author: K. Irlweck, B. Khademi
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, February 1996, Volume 203, Issue 1, pp 79-85
DOI: 10.1007/BF02060382
Keywords:
Abstract: Ratios of90Sr/137Cs and239(240)Pu/137Cs have been determined in surface air by radiochemical analyses of air filter samples collected at different cities in Austria during the period April, 28–May, 9 1986. The mean values of these ratios remain below 2·10−2 and 1·10−5, respectively, i.e., several orders of magnitude smaller than those from fallout contamination after the atomic weapon tests in 1963. Already few such ratios enable a quick first assessment of radiological emergency situations.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02060382
Title: 137Cs and 40K isotopes in forest and wasteland soils in a selected region of eastern Poland 20 years after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Krolak, Elzbieta / Kwapulinski, Jerzy / Fischer, Agnieszka
Reference: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 49 (2), p.229-237, May 2010
DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0265-5
Keywords:
Abstract: The vertical 137Cs profile of forest and wasteland soils was analyzed in the south of the Podlasie Lowland area (Eastern Poland) about 20 years after the Chernobyl accident. In addition, the concentration of 40K in soils of the investigated area was measured. Below the litter layer (mean thickness 3 cm), the soil samples were collected up to a depth of 12 cm and then divided into three layers: 0–3, 3–7, 7–12 cm. The behavior of 137Cs and 40K isotopes in soils was analyzed depending on the depth from which the soil samples were collected, as well as on the content of organic carbon, pH of soil and its granulometric composition. It was established that the density of 137Cs in the litter layer equals 2.17 kBq m−2; it is the highest in layer 0–3 cm where it equals 3.44 kBq m−2, and it decreases with the depth to the value of 0.76 kBq m−2 in layer 7–12 cm. No similar pattern was observed in wasteland soils. The concentrations of 40K in forest and wasteland soils did not change significantly with depth.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00411-010-0265-5
Title: Amount of fuel ejected during the Chernobyl accident as estimated from the 90Sr soil concentration in the 30-KM zone
Author: Rudak, E. A. / Yachnik, O. I.
Reference: Atomic Energy, 107 (1), p.73-76, Jul 2009
DOI: 10.1007/s10512-009-9198-y
Keywords:
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10512-009-9198-y
Title: An analysis of the environmental mobility of radiostrontium from weapons testing and Chernobyl in Finnish river catchments.
Author: Cross, M A / Smith, J T / Saxèn, R / Timms, D
Reference: Journal of environmental radioactivity, 60 (1-2), p.149-163, Jan 2002
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00101-1
Keywords: Strontium; Modelling; Chernobyl; Radionuclide mobility; Rivers
Abstract: The mobility of radiostrontium within the Arctic environment and surrounding area has been studied by analysing the mobility of 90Sr in river catchments that are within Finland. The environmental mobility of 90Sr deposited by both nuclear weapons testing and the Chernobyl accident has been investigated in five Finnish river catchments. Different models assessing the time-dependent mobility of 90Sr have been evaluated. No significant differences were found between the mobility of 90Sr from nuclear weapons tests and from the Chernobyl accident. Model parameters obtained by fitting to the measurements of the deposition and runoff rates of the nuclear weapons test fallout gave predictions which were consistent with the mid- and long-term contamination by the Chernobyl fallout. A comparison of 90Sr with 137Cs showed that they had similar mobility on deposition but, as time passed, the relative mobility of 90Sr increased with respect to 137Cs over a period of 5–8 years. Once the relative migration of 90Sr with respect to 137Cs reached equilibrium, its runoff rate was, on average, approximately an order of magnitude greater than 137Cs.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X01001011
Title: Groundwater residence time downgradient of Trench No. 22 at the Chernobyl Pilot Site: Constraints on hydrogeological aquifer functioning
Author: Le Gal La Salle, C. / Aquilina, L. / Fourre, E. / Jean-Baptiste, P. / Michelot, J.-L. / Roux, C. / Bugai, D. / (…) / Lancelot, J.
Reference: Applied Geochemistry, 27 (7), p.1304-1319, Jul 2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.12.006
Keywords:
Abstract: ► Stratification of the groundwater is evidenced through Na and Cl and 18O and 2H. ► Good agreement is observed between 3H/3He and CFC ages. ► Complex mixing processes are evidenced at intermediate depth. ► Apparent age distribution suggest exponential or piston flow model. ► Extremely high SF6 concentrations are attributed to the nuclear reactor explosion.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292711004884
Title: Agricultural recovery of a formerly radioactive area: I. Establishment of high-resolution quantitative protein map of mature flax seeds harvested from the remediated Chernobyl area
Author: Klubicová, Katarína / Berčák, Michal / Danchenko, Maksym / Skultety, Ludovit / Rashydov, Namik M. / Berezhna, Valentyna V. / Miernyk, Ján A. / Hajduch, Martin
Reference: Phytochemistry, 72 (10), p.1308-1315, Jul 2011
DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.11.010
Keywords:
Abstract: In recent years there has been an increasing tendency toward remediation of contaminated areas for agriculture purposes. The study described herein is part of a comprehensive, long-term characterization of crop plants grown in the area formerly contaminated with radioactivity. As a first step, we have established a quantitative map of proteins isolated from mature flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds harvested from plants grown in a remediated plot localized directly in Chernobyl town. Flax was selected because it is a crop of economic and historical importance, despite the relative paucity of molecular resources. We used 2-dimensional electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometry to establish a high-resolution seed proteome map. This approach yielded quantitative information for 318 protein spots. Genomic sequence resources for flax are very limited, leaving us with an “unknown function” annotation for 38% of the proteins analyzed including several that comprise very large spots. In addition to the seed storage proteins, we were able to reliably identify 82 proteins many of which are involved with central metabolism.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031942210004310
Title: Modelling multiple dispersion of radionuclides through the environment
Author: Monte, Luigi
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 101 (2), p.134-139, Feb 2010
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.09.006
Keywords: Modelling; Contaminant migration; Multiple dispersion; Radionuclide migration through soil; Radionuclide migration from catchments
Abstract: The migration of a contaminant through the environment is the result of the transport by a variety of biotic and abiotic carriers which move according to different dispersion mechanisms. Consequently, the patterns of the distribution of a pollutant in the environment cannot be ever explained on the basis of a single migration process or assuming that the concentrations of contaminant in the different kinds of carriers quickly reach the equilibrium condition. The present work discusses two examples (wash-off from catchments and transport through soils of radionuclides) that clearly demonstrate the inadequacy of “single dispersion” models to predict these patterns. On the contrary, models based on multiple dispersion can successfully simulate the particular features of the above mentioned processes. It was demonstrated that the time behaviour of radionuclide migration rates from catchment of different rivers vary within small ranges as a consequence of multiple dispersion. This result can be useful for the development of generic predictive models.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X09002203
Title: Radionuclide migration at experimental polygon at Red Forest waste site in Chernobyl zone. Part 2: Hydrogeological characterization and groundwater transport modeling
Author: Bugai, D. / Skalskyy, A. / Dzhepo, S. / Kubko, Yu. / Kashparov, V. / Van Meir, N. / Stammose, D. / (…) / Martin-Garin, A.
Reference: Applied Geochemistry, 27 (7), p.1359-1374, Jul 2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2011.09.028
Keywords:
Abstract: ► Strontium-90 migration from the waste trench in Chernobyl zone is studied. ► Results of the detailed hydrogeological characterization program are presented. ► The 1D and 2D models for 90Sr transport in groundwater are developed. ► Model calibrations indicate a need to account for transient geochemical regime. ► Models served useful tools for risk assessment of the waste site.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292711004185
