タグ「Radioactive contamination」
Title: Efficiency of bio-indicators for low-level radiation under field conditions
Author: Anders Pape Møller, Timothy A. Mousseau
Ссылка: Ecological Indicators, Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 424–430
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.06.013
Keywords: Bio-indicators; Chernobyl; Low-level radiation; Radiation; Radioactive contamination
Abstract: Relatively little is known about biological consequences of natural variation in background radiation, and variation in exposure due to nuclear accidents, or even the long term consequences to human health stemming from the over-use of nuclear medicine and imaging technologies (i.e. CAT scans). This realization emphasizes the need for assessment and quantification of biological effects of radiation on living organisms. Here we report the results of an environmental analysis based on extensive censuses of abundance of nine animal taxa (spiders, dragonflies, grasshoppers, bumblebees, butterflies, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) around Chernobyl in Ukraine and Belarus during 2006–2009. Background levels of radiation explained 1.5–26.5% of the variance in abundance of these nine taxa, birds and mammals having the strongest effects, accounting for a difference of a factor 18 among taxa. These effects were retained in analyses that accounted for potentially confounding effects. Effect size estimated as the amount of variance in abundance explained by background level of radiation was highly consistent among years, with weaker effects in years with low density. Effect sizes were greater in taxa with longer natal dispersal distances and in taxa with higher population density. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that costs of dispersal (i.e. survival) were accentuated under conditions of radioactive contamination, or that high density allowed detection of radiation effects. This suggests that standard breeding bird censuses can be used as an informative bio-indicator for the effects of radiation on abundance of animals.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X10001172
Title: Improving the efficiency of social and economical development of radioactive contaminated territories in the process of its recovery
Author: Talalushikina, Yulia Nikolayevna
Reference: Chelyabinsk, 2008
Keywords: socio-economic development, radioactive contamination, recovery (decontamination)
Abstract: The purpose of the research: to suggest ways to improve the socio-economic development of the radioactive contaminated territory based on an assessment by the developed technique of their condition within the process of its recovery.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/povyshenie-effektivnosti-sotsialno-ekonomicheskogo-razvitiya-territorii-radioaktivnogo-zagry
Title: A social and psychological phenomenon of South Ural population’s permanent residence in the radiation-dangerous zone
Author: A. Abdullin
Reference: Journal: Proceedings of the Russian State Pedagogical University. A.I. Herzen, Year: 2006 Vol: 6 Issue: 14
Keywords: environmental pollution, radiative-dangerous zone, radiation factor, psychological addiction, permanent residence on the contaminated territories, South Ural
Abstract: The study of the social and psychological factors of permanent residence of South Ural population in the polluted environment has revealed a tendency of psychological adaptation of the local population to the radiation factor.
URL:http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sotsialno-psihologicheskiy-fenomen-postoyannogo-prozhivaniya-naseleniya-yuzhnogo-urala-v-radiatsionno-opasnoy-zone
Author: Slinchak A.I.
Reference: Journal: Journal of the Pskov State University. Series: Natural and physical and mathematical sciences, Year: 2007, Issue 2
Keywords: radioactive contamination, iodine, cesium-137, strontium-90
Abstract: [… The dynamics of radioactive contamination of the affected areas are divided into four periods:
1 – April-July 1986, the condition of radiation contamination was constituted, mainly short-lived radionuclides such as iodine-131, iodine-133, iodine-135, lanthanum-140, barium-140, molybdenum-99, tellurium-132, and neptunium-239; radionuclides with a half-life of 1 year; 2 – 1986-1987., Along with the long-lived radionuclides, were present, in appreciable quantities, radionuclides serenium-144, ruthenium-106, cesium-134, and curium-242; 3 – Since 1988 the radioactive situation has been constituted mainly by radionuclides cesium-137 and strontium-90, and in the evacuation zone; plutonium-238, plutonium-239, plutonium-240 and plutonium-241; 4 – contamination of soil, except those specified in the third period of radionuclides, will be determined by the daughter isotope Pu-241 – americium-241. ..]
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekologicheskie-problemy-chernobylya
Title: The quality of milk in cows within polluted areas with cesium-137 and strontium-90 (Chernobyl disaster)
Author: Kalinin, Boris Nikolayevich
Reference: Moscow, 2000
Keywords: cesium-137, strontium-90, milk, cows, Klintsovsky district, Bryansk region, radioactive contamination
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the dynamics of the daily excretion of cesium-137 and strontium-90 from milk cows on farms “Victory” (Pobeda) and “Dawn” (Rassvet) Klintsovsky region in Bryansk region. According to Pasternak A.D. these farms are located in the area of radioactive contamination with the level 1-5 Ci/km2 cesium-137 and 0.15-3 Ci/km2 Sr-90.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/kachestvo-moloka-u-korov-v-usloviyakh-zagryazneniya-territorii-tseziem-137-i-strontsiem-90-v
Title: Modeling migration of 137 Cs in forest ecosystems: Assessment of radiological impact and effectiveness of protective measures within radioactive contamination
Author: Gontarenko, Irina Alexandrovna
Reference: Obninsk, 2001
Keywords: mathematical model of cesium-137 migration, forest ecosystem, protective measures, radioactive contamination
Abstract: The aim of the thesis is to develop a mathematical model of Cs migration in forest ecosystems and methodological approach to the justification of protective measures in forests that were exposed to radioactive contamination.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/modelirovanie-migratsii-137-cs-v-lesnykh-ekosistemakh-otsenka-radiologicheskikh-posledstvii-
Title: Analysis of the results of cytogenetic studies of people living in radioactively contaminated areas after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Mikhailova, Galina Fyodorovna
Reference: Obninsk, 2007
Keywords: radiobiology, cytogenetic studies, radioactive contamination, chromosomal aberrations, chronic low-intensity radiation, somatic cells
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the patterns of the effects of chronic low-intensity radiation on the genetic structure of the somatic cells of people living in areas with different density of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl accident.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/analiz-rezultatov-tsitogeneticheskikh-issledovanii-naseleniya-prozhivayushchego-na-radioakti
Author: Glagolenko Yu.G., Drozhko E.G., Mokrov Yu.G.
Reference: Gazette “ВОПРОСЫ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ“ (Issues on radiation safety), 2007
ISSN: 1816-9643
DOI: 546.42 : 551.48
Keywords: Techa river, beta-emitting radionuclides, alpha-emitting radionuclides, long-lived 90sr and 137cs, Mayak production
Abstract: During 1949-1956 while implementing the State defense program by the Mayak Production Association routine (specified in the detail design) and accidental discharges of the liquid radioactive waste (LRW) into the open hydrographic system of the Techa river were performed. The discharged LRW consisted mainly of beta-emitting radionuclides of fission-fragment origin with half-life from several days to dozens of years and insignificant amounts (traces) of alpha-emitting nuclides (U, Pu, Am). By the middle of the 1960-s practically all the radionuclides contained in the discharged LRW had been subjected to the natural radioactive decay, and the river system radioactive contamination was determined only by the long-lived 90Sr and 137Cs and to a considerably lesser degree by the plutonium (238, 239, 240Pu) and 99Тс. The major part of the activity of the mentioned above radionuclides was deposited upon the swampy flood-plain area (Asanovsky swamps) in the upper Techa river. The following sources of the Techa river water radioactive contamination have been studied in this wok: – sorption-desorption of the activity from the Asanovsky swamps (90Sr); – bottom sediment stirring and activity transfer with suspensions (137Cs, Pu); – overland radioactive run-off from the catchment territory of the Techa river contaminated as a result of accidents occurred in 1957 and 1967 (90Sr, 137Cs); – filtration transfer of the activity from the Techa reservoir cascade (tritium, 90Sr). The data on activity margin of 90Sr, 137Cs, Pu and 99Тс deposited upon different river sections are provided. The analysis of the experimental and calculated data on volumetric activity and radioactive run-off of tritium, 90Sr, 137Cs, 99Tc and plutonium with the Techa river water depending on the water flow in the river is presented.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11643606
Author: Gashak S.P., Maklyuk Yu.A., Maksimenko A.M., Maksimenko V.M., Martynenko V.I. Etc
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2008
ISSN: 0869-8031
Keywords: contamination of small birds
Abstract: Radioactive contamination of small birds (484 birds, 44 species) was investigated in the Chernobyl zone (Ukraine) in 2003-2005. Observes how, where and in what season the contamination occurs in the organisms of small birds.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9603819
Title: Countermeasures in agricultural production as an effective means of mitigating the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident
Author: R.M. Alexakhin
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 137, Issues 1–3, 2–4 September 1993, Pages 9-20
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(93)90374-F
Keywords: Chernobyl accident; agriculture; caesium-137; radioactive contamination; countermeasures
Abstract: In the wake of the Chernobyl accident of 1986, the implementation of a variety of protective measures in agriculture has been the most effective means of reducing the total radiation dose of the population; reduction of external radiation by soil decontamination is much less cost effective. As a result of the agricultural countermeasures, internal doses have been decreased by a factor of approximately three. In Russia, these countermeasures resulted in a decrease of 137Cs accumulation in arable crops by a factor of about 2.3 and in pastures of about 2.8. Reduction of radiocaesium in herbage is one of the most importance factors, since this results in a reduction of 137Cs in milk — the main source of radiation dose in the human diet. Countermeasures used on grazing land included ploughing, liming, application of fertilisers etc. 137Cs in plant crops can be decreased 5–10 times by changing the type of crops cultivated. In natural meadows and pastures and on arable soils without the benefit of treatment, it has been observed that plant uptake of 137Cs decreased with time. The efficiency of different protective measures in agriculture has been assessed in the accident-affected zone.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/004896979390374F
