カテゴリー「thyroid cancer」
Title: Ultrasonic diagnosis of thyroid pathology in children exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident
Author: Drozd Valentina Mikhailovna
Reference:
doi:
Keywords: thyroid gland, ultrasonic diagnosis, child’s age, screening, dosimetry, morphology of thyroid cancer.
Abstract: 6895 children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years from contaminated areas of Gomel, Mogilev and Brest region (6383) and control Braslav district of Vitebsk region were studied.
The goal of present investigation was to elaboration of complex program of early detection of thyroid pathology in children and improving, on its basis, of clinical and sonomorphological criteria of topical and nosological diagnostics.
As a result of performed investigation improved method of thyroid sonography has been worked out and introduced into clinical practice. This software method allows to reveal thyroid pathology at an early stage in 50-100% of patients, to form risk groups, to effectively select patients for surgery, to carry out dynamic control of carcinoma and to reveal thyroid cancer recurrences.
During ultrasonic screening of children from Khoiniky region an increased prevalence of different changes of thyroid ultrasonic picture including thyroid cancer was revealed compared to control region.
A significant increase in thyroid hyperplasia, changes of thyroid ultrasonic pictures, characteristic of endemic areas were found during repeated screening.
Peculiarities of ultrasonic picture in main forms of thyroid pathology in children were revealed and described. According to ultrasonic data nodular and diffuse forms of thyroid cancer were classified, one of the possible reasons for relatively high incidence of extrathyroid spread of thyroid cancer could be both aggressive behaviour of tumour and its close to capsule location.
Practical recommendations for early diagnosis and adequate follow-up of patients with thyroid pathology have been worked out.
http://medical-diss.com/medicina/ultrazvukovaya-diagnostika-patologii-schitovidnoy-zhelezy-u-detey-podvergshihsya-radiatsionnomu-vozdeystviyu-v-rezultate–
Author: K.A. Tumanov
Reference: Dissertation, candidate of biology, Obninsk, 2012
Keywords: NRER survey, SIR, ERR
Abstract: The aim of the thesis is to study the dynamics of thyroid cancer incidence of the population living in the contaminated areas of Russia, according to the data of NRER (National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry) collected during the observation period from 1986 to 2008. At the same time, estimates of the basic characteristics of radiation-epidemiological studies were given: the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and excess relative risk (ERR).
URL: http://earthpapers.net/otsenka-radiatsionnyh-riskov-zabolevaemosti-rakom-schitovidnoy-zhelezy-dlya-naseleniya-zagryaznennyh-radionuklidami-terri
Author: N.V. Podolkhova
Reference: Dissertation, 2007
Keywords: radioiodine therapy, metastasis, lung, mediastinum
Abstract: Development of more explicit testimony, evaluation and optimization of methods RIT for patients with thyroid cancer with metastases to the lungs and mediastinum. Based on the analysis of the data, we investigate the factors influencing the effectiveness of the treatment, to create optimal protocol of RIT for the patients.
URL: http://medical-diss.com/medicina/effektivnost-radioyodterapii-u-bolnyh-rakom-schitovidnoy-zhelezy-s-metastazami-v-legkie-i-sredostenie
Author: A.Yu. Abrosimov
Reference: Dissertation, 2004
Keywords: increased number on incidence, comparison, pre-accidental period, post-accidental period
Abstract: The accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) April 26, 1986 turned out to be a disaster with psychological, social and health consequences for a large number of people. Release of significant quantities of radionuclide iodine led millions of people in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine to radiation exposure of the thyroid gland (TG). After a few years, thyroid cancer (TC) became reality, which is still existent at present.
Before Chernobyl, in all countries thyroid cancer among children had been considered a rare disease. In Belarus, within the pre-accident period of 15 years, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 8 children, 21 adolescents, aged 15 to 18 years, and 1,465 patients aged 19 years and older. Over the 15-year period after the accident (1986-2000), thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 703 children, 267 adolescents and 6719 adults. From 1990 to 2000 it was diagnosed in 674 children, 262 adolescents and 564 young adults who, at the time of the accident, were from 0 to 18 years old (Demidchik EP et al., 2002). After the accident, the incidence of thyroid cancer increased, compared to the pre-accident period, in children 88.5 times, in adolescents – 11.8 times, in adults – 4.6 times. In Ukraine, within the 5-years pre-accident period (1981-1985), there were 25 cases of thyroid cancer in children, whereas in the subsequent 5-years period (1986-1990.) – 61 cases, and in the next 5 years (1991 – 1995). -220 cases (Tronko ND et al., 2002). The incidence of thyroid cancer in children of Ukraine, in 1986-1990 increased 2.2 times, in 1991-1995 – 8 times, and in 1996-2000 – 8.2 times.
URL: http://www.referun.com/n/rak-schitovidnoy-zhelezy-u-detey-i-podrostkov-rossii-posle-avarii-na-chernobylskoy-aes
Title: Thyroid cancer In children and adolescents In Ukraine and Its morphological characteristics following the Chornobyl accident.
Author: Bogdanova Т. I.
Reference: Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Biological Science; speciality 14.01.14 – biological endocrinology; V.P.Komlssa-renko Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kylv. 1996.
Abstract: Forty scientific papers containing the data on dynamics of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents in Ukraine following the Chernobyl accident. Its morphological (light and electromlcroscoplc. lmmunohlstochemlcal) characteristics are defended. A significant Increase In the thyroid cancer Incidence In children has been observed since 1990, particularly in the most contaminated areas. A solld-folllcular variant of papillary carcinoma was Identified as the most specific for post-Chernobyl cancers In children and adolescents. These tumours are characterised by highly Invasive properties, pronounced Immunoposltlve reaction to various oncogenes and growth factors which cause their aggressive biological behavior, with high incidence of regional and distant metastases. An increase In relative risk of the development of this variant of papillary carcinoma in children has been revealed, this depending upon the thyroid radiation dose during the Chernobyl accident, which proves the radiation genesis of the tumours studied.
http://medical-diss.com/medicina/rak-schitovidnoy-zhelezy-u-detey-i-podrostkov-ukrainy-i-ego-morfologicheskaya-harakteristika-posle-avarii-na-chernobylsko
Title: Estimating thyroid masses for children, infants, and fetuses in Ukraine exposed to (131)I from the Chernobyl accident.
Author: Likhtarov I, Kovgan L, Masiuk S, Chepurny M, Ivanova O, Gerasymenko V, Boyko Z, Voillequé P, Antipkin Y, Lutsenko S, Oleynik V, Kravchenko V, Tronko M. Ukrainian Radiation Protection Institute
Reference: Health Phys. 2013 Jan;104(1):78-86.
doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e31826e188e.
Keywords: children,
Abstract: For the purpose of improving retrospective internal thyroid dose estimations for children and adolescents following the Chernobyl accident, age- and gender-dependent thyroid masses have been estimated for the children of Kiev and Zhytomyr oblasts, which are two of the most contaminated regions of Northern Ukraine. For children ages 6-16 y, the thyroid masses were based on the measurements by ultrasound of the thyroid volumes of about 60,000 children performed by the Sasakawa Memorial Health Foundation in the 1990s. For children aged 0 to 36 mo, because thyroid mass values for Ukrainian children were not found in the literature, autopsies were performed for the specific purpose of this paper. Thyroid mass values for children aged 3-5 and 17-18 y were either interpolated or extrapolated from the measured data sets. The results for children aged 6-16 y indicate that the thyroid masses of rural children are, on average, slightly higher (by about 8%) than the thyroid masses of urban children. The geometric means of the thyroid masses were estimated as 5.2 g, 9.0 g, and 15.8 g for boys and 5.2 g, 9.4 g, and 16.0 g for girls aged 5, 10, and 15 y, respectively. Those values are greater than the reference values that ICRP recommends for iodine-sufficient populations, thus reflecting the fact that the northern part of Ukraine is iodine-deficient.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23192090
Title: Prognosis of thyroid nodules in individuals living in the Zhitomir region of Ukraine.
Author: Hayashida N, Sekitani Y, Takahashi J, Kozlovsky AA, Gutevych OK, Saiko AS, Nirova NV, Petrova AA, Rafalskiy RM, Chorny SA, Daniliuk VV, Anami M, Yamashita S, Takamura N. Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Nagasaki University,
Reference: PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50648. doi:
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050648. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
Keywords:
Abstract: After the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP), the incidence of thyroid cancer increased among children. Recently, a strong relationship between solid thyroid nodules and the incidence of thyroid cancer was shown in atomic bomb survivors. To assess the prognosis of benign thyroid nodules in individuals living in the Zhitomir region of Ukraine, around the CNPP, we conducted a follow-up investigation of screening data from 1991 to 2000 in the Ukraine.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3509090/
Title: Risk of thyroid cancer occurrence by nuclear disasters and its countermeasures
Author: Kumagai A, Yamashita S. Education Center for Disaster Medicine, Fukushima Medical University.
Reference: Nihon Rinsho. 2012 Nov;70(11):1988-94.
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: Looking back at the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011, besides further studying the appropriateness of the initial response and post-countermeasures against the severe Fukushima nuclear accident, the importance of the epidemiological study in human health risk management and the comprehensive radiation protection standard need to be emphasized; lessons learnt from the Chernobyl accident should be also implemented. Therefore, since May 2011, Fukushima Prefecture has started the “Health Care Project (Fukushima Health Management Survey Project)” for the purpose of long-term health care administration and medical diagnosis/treatment for the prefectural residents. In this issue, risk and countermeasures of thyroid cancer occurrence by nuclear disasters, especially due to radioactive iodine will be discussed despite the difficult challenge of accurate estimation of low dose and low-dose rate radiation exposures.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23214073
Title: Iodine and thyroid gland with or without nuclear catastrophe
Author: Dilas LT, Bajkin I, Icin T, Paro JN, Zavisić BK.
Klinicki centar Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Klinika za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma, Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad.
Reference: Med Pregl. 2012 Nov-Dec;65(11-12):489-95.
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: Iodine, as a trace element, is a necessary and limiting substrate for thyroid gland hormone synthesis. It is an essential element that enables the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones and Iodine Metabolism. Three iodine molecules are added to make triiodothyronine, and four for thyroxine – the two key hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency The proper daily amount of iodine is required for optimal thyroid function. Iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, developmental brain disorders and goiter. Iodine deficiency is the single most common cause of preventable mental retardation and brain damage in the world. It also decreases child survival, causes goiters, and impairs growth and development. Iodine deficiency disorders in pregnant women cause miscarriages, stillbirths, and other complications. Children with iodine deficiency disorders can grow up stunted, apathetic, mentally retarded, and incapable of normal movements, speech or hearing. Excessive Iodine Intake. Excessive iodine intake, which can trigger a utoimmune thyroid disease and dysfunction. is on the other side. Iodine use in Case of Nuclear Catastrophe. In addition to other severe consuquences of radioactivity, high amount of radioactive iodine causes significant increase in incidence of thyroid gland carcinoma after some of the nuclear catastrophes (Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Chernobyl, Fukushima). The incidence of thyroid carcinoma was increased mostly in children. This paper was aimed at clarifying some of the possibilities of prevention according to the recommendations given by the World Health Organization.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23297615
Title: Late health effects of radiation exposure: New statistical, epidemiological, and biological approaches *
Author: Jacob P, Stram DO. Institute of Radiation Protection , Helmholtz Zentrum München , Germany.
Reference: Int J Radiat Biol. 2013 Mar 4.
doi:
Keywords: health effects,
Abstract: The 2012 Conference on Radiation and Health in Kennebunkport, Maine, USA, brought together epidemiologists, statisticians, basic scientists, and clinical scientists interested in the health effects of radiation exposure due to medical, diagnostic, occupational, and non-medical sources, to review the current status of epidemiologic and clinical research on radiation exposure in relation to risk of breast, thyroid cancer, and leukemia, cardiopulmonary events, and other late effects. Topics discussed included synergy between radiation exposure and genetic background; late effects of radiation therapy in childhood cancer survivors and several other medically exposed cohorts; leukemia risk seen in Russian and Chernobyl studies, and leukemia risk from computed tomography scans in childhood. Results and conclusions: This report summarizes the presentations at the meeting and discusses their significance in light of earlier studies and of other ongoing research.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23402349
