カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
Title: Features of the radiation monitoring of Penza region’s forest ecosystems
Author: Goncharov, Evgeny Alexeyevich
Reference: Yoshkar-Ola, 2007
Keywords: radiation monitoring, forest ecosystems (biogeocenosis) , Penza region, phytocoenosis, cesium-137
Abstract: The purpose of the dissertation – the study of characteristics of 137Cs redistribution in the main components of forest ecosystems of the Penza region to improve the system of radiation monitoring under the low-background contamination terms in the remote period after the Chernobyl accident.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/osobennosti-radiatsionnogo-monitoringa-lesnykh-biogeotsenozov-penzenskoi-oblasti
Title: Analysis of the results of cytogenetic studies of people living in radioactively contaminated areas after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Mikhailova, Galina Fyodorovna
Reference: Obninsk, 2007
Keywords: radiobiology, cytogenetic studies, radioactive contamination, chromosomal aberrations, chronic low-intensity radiation, somatic cells
Abstract: The aim of this study is to examine the patterns of the effects of chronic low-intensity radiation on the genetic structure of the somatic cells of people living in areas with different density of radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl accident.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/analiz-rezultatov-tsitogeneticheskikh-issledovanii-naseleniya-prozhivayushchego-na-radioakti
Title: Atlas of cesium contamination of Europe after the Chernobyl accident
Reference: Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998
Keywords: atlas, Europe, contamination
Abstract: The European committee and ministries of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, which are responsible for the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, conducted a joint program to study the effects of the accident. The program was carried out during the 1992-1995 years, as part of a formal agreement between the European committee and the relevant Ministries of the three countries. One of the projects was devoted to the preparation of the Atlas fallout on the entire territory of Europe radioactive products emitted by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
URL: http://pripyat-city.ru/books/56-atlas-zagryazneniya-evropy-ceziem.html
Title: Preliminary dose estimation from the nuclear accident after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami
Author: WHO
Reference: 2012
Keywords: World Health Organization (WHO), Fukushima
Abstract: The earthquake and tsunami in Japan on 11 March 2011 led to releases of radioactive material into the environment from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear site. This report describes a preliminary estimate of radiation doses to the public resulting from this accident. These doses are assessed for different age groups in locations around the world, using assumptions described in the report.
The dose assessment forms one part of the overall health risk assessment being carried out by WHO of the global impact of the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The health risk assessment is the subject of a separate WHO report published in February 2013.
URL: http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/fukushima_dose_assessment/en/index.html
Title: Safety of Nuclear Power Reactors
Reference: World Nuclear Association (WNA), updated 31 May 2012
Keywords: Safety, Nuclear Power Reactor, World Nuclear Association (WNA)
Abstract: From the outset, there has been a strong awareness of the potential hazard of both nuclear criticality and release of radioactive materials from generating electricity with nuclear power.
- As in other industries, the design and operation of nuclear power plants aims to minimise the likelihood of accidents, and avoid major human consequences when they occur.
- There have been three major reactor accidents in the history of civil nuclear power – Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima. One was contained without harm to anyone, the next involved an intense fire without provision for containment, and the third severely tested the containment, allowing some release of radioactivity.
- These are the only major accidents to have occurred in over 14,500 cumulative reactor-years of commercial nuclear power operation in 32 countries.
- The risks from western nuclear power plants, in terms of the consequences of an accident or terrorist attack, are minimal compared with other commonly accepted risks. Nuclear power plants are very robust.
URL:http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Safety-and-Security/Safety-of-Plants/Safety-of-Nuclear-Power-Reactors/#.UeyZ-dlLPSh
Title: Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and their remediation: Twenty years of experience. Report of the Chernobyl Forum Expert Group ‘Environment’
Reference: International Atomic Energy Agency, Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety, Vienna (Austria), 2006
Keywords: environmental impacts, environmental protection, international cooperation
Abstract: This report presents the findings and recommendations of the Chernobyl Forum concerning the environmental effects of the Chernobyl accident. The Forum’s report considering the health effects of the Chernobyl accident is being published by the WHO. The Expert Group ‘Environment’ was chaired by L. Anspaugh of the United States of America. The IAEA technical officer responsible for this report was M. Balonov of the IAEA Division of Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety
URL: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1239_web.pdf
Title: A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF HEALTH EFFECTS IN EUROPE– TWO DECADES AFTER CHERNOBYL
Author: Seidel C., Maringer F.J., Bossew P
Reference: Proceedings series, Mar 2008, 260 p, IAEA, Vienna (Austria), International conference on Chernobyl: Looking back to go forward, Vienna (Austria), 6-7 Sep 2005
Keywords: Chernobyl, environmental contamination, radioactivity, radiation activity, radiation exposure, health consequences, cancer
Abstract: This report sums up radioactive environmental contamination due to the Chernobyl accident in 1986 in various regions all over Europe (Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Sweden, Austria and Greece). Most of the radionuclides released with the reactor accident possess short-lives (e.g. 131I) of a few hours or several days and weeks or were deposed in low quantities (e.g. 90Sr). So the main focus was put on 137Cs, because this radionuclide has a long half-life (30 a), is measurable till this day and gives a presentable view of radiation exposure in contaminated regions. The decrease of 137Cs activity concentrations in soil, surface water, foodstuffs and air was shown in the course of time. The comparison of radioactive environmental contamination shows, that the 137Cs-activity concentration in nearly all media has decreased faster than the physical half-life. Part of this elaboration was also to describe the contribution of the reactor accident to the radiation exposure of selected population groups in the last 20 years. The second part of the report follows a valuation of European studies, which are linked to late health effects of the Chernobyl accident specially thyroid cancer, leukemia and other solid tumors. These studies has been discussed and evaluated. Only in countries with the highest impact like Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, an increased number of infant thyroid cancer has been observed but up to now no increases in leukemia or malignant deceases in this or other European countries can be detected
URL: http://www.colloquium.fr/06IRPA/CDROM/docs/P-040.pdf
Author: Graeub R.
Reference: New York: Basic Books, 1994. ― 242 pp.
Title: Chernobyl Doses. Volume 2. Conifer Stress near Chernobyl Derived from Landsat Imagery
Author: Gene E. McClellan; Terrence H. Hemmer; Ronald N. DeWitt
Reference: Technical rept. 29 Sep 87-28 Feb 92
Keywords: Landsat Thematic Mapper, Forest damage, conifer stress
Abstract: This volume presents Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery of the area surrounding the Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor Station and derives quantitative estimates of the spatial extent and time progression of stress on coniferous forests resulting from the 26 April 1986 reactor explosion and release of radioactive material. Change detection between pre- and postaccident images demonstrates convincingly that remote sensing of the spectral reflectance of coniferous forests in visible and infrared wavelengths at moderate spatial resolution (30 meters) will detect the effects of large radiation doses to the forest canopy. This work was initiated at a time when the expectation for direct data from the Soviet Union on local, accident-induced radiation levels was limited and the satellite data provided an alternative source. Although information exchange with the former Soviet Union has improved dramatically, the results of this report are important, since they prove the feasibility of large- scale, spectral response measurements on radiation-exposed pine trees in a natural environment. Volume 1 presents the derivation of radiation doses from the imagery reviewed in this volume, describes changes in spectral reflectivity of the affected trees as a function of dose and time, and discusses the military operational implications of these results….Chernobyl, Forest damage, Landsat, Change detection, Conifer stress.
URL: http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a259085.pdf
http://www.stormingmedia.us/58/5809/A580952.html
Title: A tale of two forests: addressing postnuclear radiation at Chernobyl and Fukushima
Author: Winifred A. Bird and Jane Braxton Little
Reference: Environ Health Perspect. 2013 March; 121(3): a78–a85.
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.121-a78
Keywords: forest, Fukushima, Chernobyl
Abstract: To report this story, Jane Braxton Little traveled to Chernobyl, and Winifred A. Bird made numerous trips to the Fukushima area. For Little, whose Harvard MA is in Japanese cultural history, it was the Fukushima accident that sparked her interest in how radiation affects ecosystems and led to her first visit to Ukraine. Bird has been living in Japan and writing about natural resource issues since 2005; in July 2011 she reported for EHP on chemical contamination following the Tohoku tsunami and earthquake. Seeing the effects of the accidents firsthand and interviewing residents and cleanup workers on the ground deepened the partners’ understanding of the management issues and the underlying science.
URL: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3621180?pdf=render
