Author: Petin V.G., Dergacheva I.P., Zhurakovskaya G.P.
Reference: Bulletin “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК” (Radiation and risk), 2001
ISSN: 0131-3878
Keywords: ionizing radiation, hazardous factors, combined effect environment
Abstract: The Chernobyl accident and other radiation-related accidents are characterized by involvement of a variety of hazardous factors which aggravate the damaging action of ionizing radiation. The synergetic effect of different agents can exacerbate anticipated consequences of an accident. This review attempts to establish regularities in biological responses to the combined effect of ionizing radiation and other hazardous environmental factors of chemical, biological or physical nature. A series of universal features accounting for responses of different cell-systems, animals and people have been identified. These features do not depend on the nature of an agent used in conjunction with ionizing radiation or test-system and biological object under study. A conclusion is made regarding a possible significance of the synergetic effect resulting from interaction of various agents for enhancing consequences of the Chernobyl accident.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9950605
Author: Balonov M.I.
Reference: Bulletin “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК” (Radiation and risk), 2006
ISSN: 0131-3878
Keywords: radiation level in environment, radioecology
Abstract: The Chernobyl Forum (September, 2005) concluded that in 20 years after the Chernobyl accident along with reduction of radiation levels and accumulation of humanitarian consequences severe social and economic depression of the affected regions and associated serious psychological problems became the most significant problems. The majority of the 600000 emergency and recovery operation workers and five million residents of the contaminated areas in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine received relatively minor radiation doses which are comparable with the natural levels. An exception is a cohort of several hundred emergency and recovery operation workers who received high radiation doses, of whom 28 died in 1986 due to acute radiation sickness and it consequences. Except dramatic increase in thyroid cancer morbidity in those exposed to radioiodine in their childhood and some increase in leukaemia and solid cancer morbidity among emergency and recovery operation workers with high radiation dose no evident growth of radiation-associated cancer diseases and leukaemia was detected in other groups of population. Radiation levels in the environment have reduced by a factor of several hundred since 1986, this ensures that the majority of the previously contaminated land in now safe for life and economic activities. Despite unprecedented scale and character of the Chernobyl accident its consequences for health and life of the affected population are significantly less compared with A-bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Findings of research of consequences of the Chernobyl accident made invaluable contribution to the development of nuclear technology and safety, radioecology, radiation medicine, radiological protection and social sciences. The Chernobyl accident initiated development of the global nuclear safety and radiation protection regime.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11730468
Author: Panov A.V., Aleksakhin R.M., Muzalevskaya A.A.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2011
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803111010140
Keywords: Bryansk region, transfer of 137cs, contamination of agricultural products, 20 years after Chernobyl accident
Abstract: On the example of south-western districts of the Bryansk region, the article assess the dynamics of the coefficients of transfer of 137Cs in plants. Describes also the impact of protective measures on the accumulation of radionuclides in agricultural products. Distinguishes three periods decrease of 137Cs in the plant, during the 20 years after the Chernobyl accident. Shows the accumulation of the radionuclide-fallout, natural biogeochemical processes and protective measures to reduce the accumulation of 137Cs in agricultural plants for various periods after fallout. Describes forecast of maximum permissible levels of 137Cs contamination in agricultural land, on which it is possible to obtain crop products, meeting current standards, at different levels of protective measures in the contaminated areas. Estimates the period of time after the radioactive fallout, in which production of crops and forage production was provided, according to appropriate radiological standards.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21520624
Author: KOSHELEVA N.E., TIMOFEEV I.V., VELICHKIN V.I., KASIMOV N.S., KUZMENKOVA N.V.
Reference: Gazette “ИНЖЕНЕРНЫЕ ИЗЫСКАНИЯ“ (Engineering survey), 2012
ISSN: 1997-8650
Keywords: RADIONUCLIDES, URBAN SOILS, TECHNOGENIC ANOMALIES, FUNCTIONAL ZONES, GEOCHEMICAL MAPS, ACCUMULATION AGENTS
Abstract: Describes spatial distribution regularities of 137Cs, 40K, 226Ra and 232Th are identified in the soils in Ozersk (the Chelyabinsk Region). Based on the data collected during a soil survey in 2010. Their anthropogenic and natural accumulation agents are revealed. The average amount of the natural radionuclides in the urban soils were close to the background values. The highest concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th were found in the industrial area of the town, their anomalous contents in the south-eastern part of Ozersk were characterized by their specific activity values of 450, 30 and 24 Bq/kg respectively. The content of 137Cs was twice the background level; the maximum accumulation of this radionuclide was observed in the undisturbed soils of the recreation area with natural forests where its average content was 164 Bq/kg. The spatial distribution of 137Cs was primarily controlled by the type of land use, 40K and 232Th – by the physical and chemical soil properties, 226Ra – by the vegetation type. The current radiation state of the soil cover in Ozersk was estimated as safe one: the average total effective specific activity in its territory was 17% of the rate, and the contamination density of 137Cs was 7,5% of the maximum permissible one in the Russian Federation.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17662120
Author: Perevolotskaya T.V., Bulavik I.M., Perevolotsky A.N.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2009
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803109030059
Keywords: 137cs, 90sr, ground water, phytomass
Abstract: The distribution of 137Cs and 90Sr in oak, pine and hornbeam stands at different levels of groundwater is analyzed. It is proven that the scale of migration of 137Cs and 90Sr in the vertical profile of the soils is determined by level of ground water in the experimental field: closer to the surface the ground water is found, the less radionuclides is contained on the surface of the soil, and vice versa. Coefficients are determined by “fast” and “slow” quasidiffusion of 137Cs and 90Sr. Description of the contribution of these components to the overall migration of radionuclide transport in the vertical profile of the soil. Coefficients of decreasing of 137Cs and increasing of 90Sr, for the element of overground phytomass by the decreasing of groundwater, is observed.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=12450575
Author: Bakunov N.A., Bol’shiyanov D.Yu., Makarov A.S.
Reference: Gazette “ВОДНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ“, St. Petersbourg, 2008
ISSN: 0097-8078
DOI: 10.1134/S0097807808060055
Keywords: 137cs, water bodies, deep lakes
Abstract: The assessment of 137Cs concentration in water based on the model of radionuclide absorption by the bottom sediment of a closed water body is applicable to deep-water lakes with slower water circulation (the time of water exchange exceeding 10 years). The low river runoff from such lakes does not determine their water purification from 137Cs because of the predominance of the process of 137Cs sorption by suspension and bottom sediment. The contamination of a deep-water arctic lake with global 137Cs is reconstructed.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS0097807808060055#
Author: Podolyak A.G., Bogdevich I.M., Timofeev S.F., Grebenshikova N.V.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2007
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S086980310704008X
Keywords: organic fertilizer, contamination, soil
Abstract: The article is based on agronomic, economic and radiological assessments of the results of long-term studies on the use of organic fertilizers (peat, sapropel, manure, compost torfonavozny) in the soil.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9534733
Author: Abramov VI, Rubanovich AV, Shevchenko VA, Shevchenko VV, Grinikh LI.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2006
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 582:539.1.04 [577 21+575]
Keywords: genetic mutation, plant
Abstract: During 6 years, starting from 1986, the monitoring of the dynamics of the frequency of embryo lethal and of chlorophyll mutations was carried out in arabidopsis populations in areas with different levels of radioactive contamination by the Muller embryo-test in the 30 km of ChNPP. The dose rate of chronic irradiation in the examined areas varied from 0.014 to 17 nA/Kg. Monitoring of the dynamics of the mutation process in natural arabidopsis populations showed the correlation between the level of the mutation process and the dose rate of chronic irradiation. The genetic effects of different levels of radioactive contamination were estimated by determining the frequency of mutations occurred in this generation and by calculating the dose of irradiation of one was found. That the dependence of the mutation frequency on the dose of irradiation presents a power function with a power index less 1, which suggests a higher efficiency of low radiation doses per unit dose. Possible explanations of this phenomenon are considered in the work. The studies of cytogenetic effects in chronically exposed Crepis tectorum populations in the zones of the Chernobyl accident showed that starting from the second year after the Chernobyl disaster there appeared plants with an altered karyotype and their frequency of chromosome aberrations correlates in root meristem cells.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16869157
Author: Mukhamedshin K. E., Bezuglov VK Snytkin GV
Reference: Bulletin of the Moscow State Forest University, 2001
ISSN: 1727-3749
Keywords: zonal-typological system, forest management
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9308392
Author: Ogorodnikov B.I., Budyka A.K., Pazukhin É.M., Krasnov V.A.
Reference: Gazette “ АТОМНАЯ ЭНЕРГИЯ “ (atomic energy), 2006
ISSN: 1063-4258
DOI: 10.1007/s10512-006-0081-9
Keywords: disperse aerosol, contamination, 137cs, 134cs, 141, 144ce, 95zr
Abstract: The results of measurements of the volume activity and dispersity of aerosol carriers of β-emitting radionuclides during the acute phase of the accident and 20 years later are presented. It is determined that in August–October 1986, when samples were taken 10–50 m from the surface of the destroyed reactor, the concentration was about 1 kBq/m3, which is 100–1000 times higher than the value recorded in July–August of the same year from an aircraft flying at altitudes 200–1000 m. Thus, already in mid-summer 1986, because of the decrease in temperature, the aerosol emissions did not reach the survey altitude of the aircraft. Therefore, the sampling performed from the aircraft did not permit a quantitative assessment of the emissions of radioactive materials during this period of time. In 2003–2005, the total β activity was 10–100 times less than in fall 1986, because of the radioactive decay of 95Zr, 95Nb, 103,106Ru, 134Cs, 141,144Ce, and other radionuclides. Since the 137Cs concentration decreased negligibly, it seems that the roof constructed in 1986 above the Shelter was of little use.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10512-006-0081-9#
