タグ「cleanup workers」
Title: Three Somatic Genetic Biomarkers and Covariates in Radiation-Exposed Russian Cleanup Workers of the Chernobyl Nuclear Reactor 6–13 Years after Exposure
Author: Irene M. Jones, Heather Galick, Paula Kato, Richard G. Langlois, Mortimer L. Mendelsohn, Gloria A. Murphy, Pavel Pleshanov, Marilyn J. Ramsey, Cynthia B. Thomas, James D. Tucker, Ludmila Tureva, Irina Vorobtsova, and David O. Nelson
Reference: Radiation Research 158(4):424-442. 2002
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2002)158[0424:TSGBAC]2.0.CO;2
Keywords : cleanup workers, genetic biomarkers
Abstract: Three somatic mutation assays were evaluated in men exposed to low-dose, whole-body, ionizing radiation. Blood samples were obtained between 1992 and 1999 from 625 Russian Chernobyl cleanup workers and 182 Russian controls. The assays were chromosome translocations in lymphocytes detected by FISH, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) mutant frequency in lymphocytes by cloning, and flow cytometic assay for glycophorin A (GPA) variant frequency of both deletion (N/Ø) and recombination (N/N) events detected in erythrocytes. Over 30 exposure and lifestyle covariates were available from questionnaires. Among the covariates evaluated, some increased (e.g. age, smoking) and others decreased (e.g. date of sample) biomarker responses at a magnitude comparable to Chernobyl exposure. When adjusted for covariates, exposure at Chernobyl was a statistically significant factor for translocation frequency (increase of 30%, 95% CI of 10%–53%, P = 0.002) and HPRT mutant frequency (increase of 41%, 95% CI of 19%–66%, P < 0.001), but not for either GPA assay. The estimated average dose for the cleanup workers based on the average increase in translocations was 9.5 cGy. Translocation analysis is the preferred biomarker for low-dose radiation dosimetry given its sensitivity, relatively few covariates, and dose–response data. Based on this estimated dose, the risk of exposure-related cancer is expected to be low.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1667/0033-7587%282002%29158%5B0424%3ATSGBAC%5D2.0.CO%3B2?prevSearch=chernobyl&searchHistoryKey=&queryHash=f7283fdb5d57d03bfdb1eb17f03c59a5
Title: Children of Chernobyl Cleanup Workers do not Show Elevated Rates of Mutations in Minisatellite Alleles
Author: L. A. Livshits, S. G. Malyarchuk, E. M. Lukyanova, Y. G. Antipkin, L. P. Arabskaya, S. A. Kravchenko, G. H. Matsuka , E. Petit, F. Giraudeau, P. Gourmelon, G. Vergnaud , and B. Le Guen
Reference: Radiation Research 155(1):74-80. 2001
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0074:COCCWD]2.0.CO;2
Keywords : children, cleanup workers, mutations, minisatellite
Abstract: The disaster at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in April 1986 was accompanied by the release of large amounts of radioisotopes, resulting in the contamination of extensive regions of the Ukraine, Byelorus and the Russian Federation. Cleanup workers (liquidators) and people living on land contaminated with radioactive materials were most exposed. To assess the genetic effects of exposure to ionizing radiation after the Chernobyl accident, we have measured the frequency of inherited mutant alleles at seven hypermutable minisatellite loci in 183 children born to Chernobyl cleanup workers (liquidators) and 163 children born to control families living in nonirradiated areas of the Ukraine. There was no significant difference in the frequency of inherited mutant alleles between the exposed and control groups. The exposed group was then divided into two subgroups according to the time at which the children were conceived with respect to the fathers’ work at the power plant. Eighty-eight children were conceived either while their fathers were working at the facility or up to 2 months later (Subgroup 1). The other 95 children were conceived at least 4 months after their fathers had stopped working at the Chernobyl site (Subgroup 2). The frequencies of mutant alleles were higher for the majority of loci (i.e. 1.44 times higher for CEB1) in Subgroup 1 than in Subgroup 2. This result, if confirmed, would reconcile the apparently conflicting results obtained in the chronically exposed Byelorus population and the Hiroshima-Nagasaki A-bomb survivors.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.166/0033-7587%282001%29155%5B0074%3ACOCCWD%5D2.0.CO%3B2?prevSearch=chernobyl&searchHistoryKey=&queryHash=05c5bf600dfdc400aa01511958fb5e34
Title: Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia: follow-up for cancer incidence and mortality.
Author: Rahu K, Auvinen A, Hakulinen T, Tekkel M, Inskip PD, Bromet EJ, Boice Jr JD, Rahu M.
Reference: J Radiol Prot. 2013 Mar 27;33(2):395-411. [Epub ahead of print]
doi:
Keywords: incidence, mortality, cleanup workers
Abstract: This study examined cancer incidence (1986-2008) and mortality (1986-2011) among the Estonian Chernobyl cleanup workers in comparison with the Estonian male population. The cohort of 4810 men was followed through nationwide population, mortality and cancer registries. Cancer and death risks were measured by standardised incidence ratio (SIR) and standardised mortality ratio (SMR), respectively. Poisson regression was used to analyse the effects of year of arrival, duration of stay and time since return on cancer and death risks. The SIR for all cancers was 1.06 with 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.20 (232 cases). Elevated risks were found for cancers of the pharynx, the oesophagus and the joint category of alcohol-related sites. No clear evidence of an increased risk of thyroid cancer, leukaemia or radiation-related cancer sites combined was apparent. The SMR for all causes of death was 1.02 with 95% confidence interval 0.96-1.08 (1018 deaths). Excess mortality was observed for mouth and pharynx cancer, alcohol-related cancer sites together and suicide. Duration of stay rather than year of arrival was associated with increased mortality. Twenty-six years of follow-up of this cohort indicates no definite health effects attributable to radiation, but the elevated suicide risk has persisted.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23532116
Title: U.S./Belarus/Ukraine joint research on the biomedical effects of the Chernobyl Reactor Accident. Final report
Author: Bruce Wachholz
Reference: Other Information: PBD: 20 Jun 2000
doi: 10.2172/760446
Keywords: children, cohort,cleanup workers
Abstract: The National Cancer Institute has negotiated with the governments of Belarus and Ukraine (Ministers/Ministries of Health, institutions and scientists) to develop scientific research protocols to study the effects of radioactive iodine released by the Chernobyl accident upon thyroid anatomy and function in defined cohorts of persons under the age of 19 years at the time of the accident. These studies include prospective long term medical follow-up of the cohort and the reconstruction of the radiation dose to each cohort subject’s thyroid. The protocol for the study in Belarus was signed by the US and Belorussian governments in May 1994 and the protocol for the study in Ukraine was signed by the US and Ukraine in May 1995. A second scientific research protocol also was negotiated with Ukraine to study the feasibility of a long term study to follow the development of leukemia and lymphoma among Ukrainian cleanup workers; this protocol was signed by the US and Ukraine in October 1996.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=760446
