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タグ「Nuclear fallout」

Transfer of radiocaesium in sensitive agricultural environments after the Chernobyl fallout in Sweden: III. County of Västernorrland

ecology・environment

Title: Transfer of radiocaesium in sensitive agricultural environments after the Chernobyl fallout in Sweden: III. County of Västernorrland

Author: K. Rosén, E. Haak, Å. Eriksson

Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 209, Issues 2–3, 19 January 1998, Pages 91-105

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)80100-9

Keywords: Radiocaesium; Radioiodine; Chernobyl; Nuclear fallout; Grass; Cereals

Abstract: In 1986 a large number of farms in the Chernobyl-affected area in the county of Västernorrland in northern Sweden were investigated for radiocaesium transfer to grass and cereal grain. The soil surface layer (0–5 cm) in 1986 and the crop products in 1986–1996 were analysed. The aim was to study the impact of soil and crop rotation on sensitivity of 137Cs transfer in a short and long term perspective. In the fallout year 1986 the transfer to grass was usually much higher than to cereal grain. In this year the transfer to grass was usually much higher in the first cut rather than the second cut. The reduction in transfer with year was large but variable with site and with crop sequence. Ploughing was effective in decreasing the transfer of 137Cs to crops. On arable sites in 1986 the transfer to cereal straw was larger at late stem elongation (LSE) than at the maturing stage. Unexpectedly, there was no clear relationship between transfer of 137Cs to the crops and any of the soil characteristics. In 1986 the transfer of 131I to grass and cereals was also investigated on some of the farms. The results are compared with the transfer of 137Cs, 2 months after the Chernobyl fallout.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969798801009

Transfer of radiocaesium in sensitive agricultural environments after the Chernobyl fallout in Sweden. I. County of Gävleborg

ecology・environment

Title: Transfer of radiocaesium in sensitive agricultural environments after the Chernobyl fallout in Sweden. I. County of Gävleborg

Author: Klas Rosén, Åke Eriksson, Enok Haak

Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 182, Issues 1–3, 5 April 1996, Pages 117-133

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)05056-6

Keywords: Radiocaesium; Chernobyl; Nuclear fallout; Cereals; Grass

Abstract: In 1986, 15 farms in the Chernobyl-affected area of the county of Gävleborg were investigated for radiocaesium transfer to grass and cereal grain. The soil surface layer (0–5 cm) in 1986 and the crop products in 1986–1994 were analysed. The aim was to study the impact of site and soil characteristics on sensitivity of 137Cs transfer in a long-term perspective. The transfer was much higher to grass than to cereal grain. For both crop products, however, there was a considerable annual reduction. For grass, and especially in the fallout year 1986, the transfer depended on interception capacity of the stubble and grass sward, on soil fertility and K-fertilization as well as on dilution by crop growth. In the following years, the annual reduction in transfer to grass was reduced by a factor of 2 to 100. Both ploughing through the surface layer and the mixing of radiocaesium with soil contributed to a decreased transfer of radiocaesium to crops. Thick stubble and grass sward on the grassland sites was the main reason for a lag period of high persistent transfer. The annual reduction was less on organic than on mineral soils. Measures to decrease the transfer to crops are discussed in relation to a new concept to evaluate the long-term behaviour of 137Cs in agricultural environments

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969795050566

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