タグ「Thyroid dose」
Author: Makhon’ko K.P., Kozlova E.G., Volokitin A.A.
Reference: journal “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК“ (Radiation and risk), 1996
ISSN: 0131-3878
DOI:
Keywords: deposition by typhoon, soil surface, exposure dose, 137cs, 131i, 132te
Abstract: The paper presents distributions of external doses and absorbed doses from thyroid internal exposure on the territory of the former USSR due to exposure of 131I and 132I released into the environment as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Dose assessments were based on measurements of daily depositions of 131I and 132Te from the atmosphere made by SPA Typhoon. The main body of available measurement data were added with calculations of 131I depositions from space-time correlations and results of measurements of total p-activity, 137Cs etc. Based on these data calculations were made of 131I and 132I accumulation on soil surface, exposure dose rate and exposure dose from y-irradiation 131I and 132I from the soil surface, and absorbed thyroid doses from incorporated 131I and 132I. Estimated errors in calculations are also presented. Besides, the paper includes ganerated maps of 131I contamination of the soil by 15 May 1986 and distribution of external and internal thyroid exposure doses from incorporated 131I and 132I accumulated by 1 september 1986. The dominant radiation load from 131I and 132I has been shown to be due to internal thyroid exposure to incorporated 131I. Given no iodine prophylaxis and restrictions in the diet of the residents, it could have been three orders of magnitude higher the external exposure doses. In different points of the former USSR, the maximum contamination was reported on different dates from 28 April to 3 May 1986. By estimation, of the major cities the highest radiation loads due to 131I occired in Gomel where by 1 June the exposure dose was 134 mR and the thyroid exposure dose was 166 cSv. The highest radiation loads from 132Te + 132I were in Kiev where by 1 June 1986 the thyroid exposure dose was 720 |xSv (72 mrem) and the exposure dose – 965 mR.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9320721
Title: I-129 and I-131 ground deposition densities are correlated in Belorussian settlements contaminated following the Chernobyl accident
Author: Masaharu Hoshi, Valery F Stepanenko, Yuri I Gavrilin, Yuri M Volkov, Irina K Makarenkova, Jun Takada, Valery E Shevchuk, Valery G Skvortsov, Dmitry V Petin, Elena K Iaskova, Alexey E Kondrashov, Alexander I Ivannikov, Nataly M Ermakova, Leonid N Chunikhin
Reference: International Congress Series, Volume 1234, May 2002, Pages 115-120
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00601-X
Keywords: Chernobyl accident; I-129; I-131; Thyroid dose
Abstract: Long-living I-129 is considered as the witness of short-living I-131 fallout following the Chernobyl accident. Data on I-129 deposition densities might help to estimate thyroid doses in population of many contaminated areas where information on the I-131 ground deposition density is unknown.
This pilot study aimed to investigate the correlations between I-129 ground deposition densities measured in 2000 and those of I-131 measured in 1986.
I-129 measurements were performed by iodine separation and registration of I-129 decays using beta-x coincidence. Soil samples were collected and I-129, Cs-137 ground deposition densities were measured in three contaminated raions of Belorussia (14 locations in 12 settlements). For 10 of 12 settlements, there were available data of I-131 and Cs-137 spectrometric measurements during the first weeks after the accident in 1986.
Results of I-129 and Cs-137 measurements in 2000 were used for the reconstruction of I-131/Cs-137 ratio. Comparisons of reconstructed I-131/Cs-137 ratios with the I-131/Cs-137 ratios obtained by direct measurements in 1986 showed good agreement: correlation coefficient was 0.69 and linear regression coefficient (±SD) was 2.36(±0.88). The study confirms the possibility to apply the data on I-129 ground deposition densities for further application to improve estimations of thyroid absorbed doses, which result from I-131 irradiation.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053151310100601X
Title: Validation of 131I ecological transfer models and thyroid dose assessments using Chernobyl fallout data from the Plavsk district, Russia
Author: I. Zvonova, P. Krajewski, V. Berkovsky, M. Ammann, C. Duffa, V. Filistovic, T. Homma, B. Kanyar, T. Nedveckaite, S.L. Simon, O. Vlasov, D. Webbe-Wood
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 101, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 8-15
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.005
Keywords: Chernobyl accident; Iodine-131; Environment modeling; Models validation; Population; Thyroid dose
Abstract: Within the project “Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety” (EMRAS) organized by the IAEA in 2003 experimental data of 131I measurements following the Chernobyl accident in the Plavsk district of Tula region, Russia were used to validate the calculations of some radioecological transfer models. Nine models participated in the inter-comparison. Levels of 137Cs soil contamination in all the settlements and 131I/137Cs isotopic ratios in the depositions in some locations were used as the main input information. 370 measurements of 131I content in thyroid of townspeople and villagers, and 90 measurements of 131I concentration in milk were used for validation of the model predictions.A remarkable improvement in models performance comparing with previous inter-comparison exercise was demonstrated. Predictions of the various models were within a factor of three relative to the observations, discrepancies between the estimates of average doses to thyroid produced by most participant not exceeded a factor of ten.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X09001751
Title: Re-evaluation of thyroid doses in Russia after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Stepanenko, Valery F / Gavrilin, Yuri I / Khrouch, Valery T / Shinkarev, Sergey M / Hoshi, Masaharu / Iaskova, Elena K / Kondrashov, Alexey E / (…) / Rivkind, Nikolay B
Reference: International Congress Series, 1234, p.321-328, May 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00621-5
Keywords: Chernobyl accident; I-131; Thyroid dose; Individual dosimetry
Abstract: Immediately after the Chernobyl accident, the team of Medical Radiological Research Center (MRRC) specialists carried out wide-scale measurements of iodine-131 content in the thyroid gland of 27 887 inhabitants of the Kaluga region. This initial information was presented only as official reports to governmental structures. Similar work was done by local specialists for 1441 inhabitants of the Bryansk region. The data of direct measurements provided us the basis for further individual thyroid dose estimations, where we exploited the developed model and personal interviews.This paper presents the results of updated dose evaluations, including the additional factors, such as dynamics of fallout and data on the pasture period…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101006215
- Title: Doses to members of the general public and observed effects on biota: Chernobyl Forum update.
Author: Anspaugh, Lynn R
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 96 (1-3), p.13-19, Jul 2007
doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.12.001
Keywords: Chernobyl; Radiation; Collective effective dose; Thyroid dose; Effects; Biota; Humans; Accident
Abstract: The Chernobyl Forum was organized by the United Nations to examine the health and environmental effects of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station. This paper is concerned with the environmental effects, as determined by Expert Group Environment. The accident resulted in release of a large amount of radioactive materials over a period of 10 days. These materials were deposited throughout Europe with the three more affected countries being Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X06002104
