Ultrasonic diagnosis of thyroid pathology in children exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident
Title: Ultrasonic diagnosis of thyroid pathology in children exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident
Author: Drozd Valentina Mikhailovna
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Keywords: thyroid gland, ultrasonic diagnosis, child’s age, screening, dosimetry, morphology of thyroid cancer.
Abstract: 6895 children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years from contaminated areas of Gomel, Mogilev and Brest region (6383) and control Braslav district of Vitebsk region were studied.
The goal of present investigation was to elaboration of complex program of early detection of thyroid pathology in children and improving, on its basis, of clinical and sonomorphological criteria of topical and nosological diagnostics.
As a result of performed investigation improved method of thyroid sonography has been worked out and introduced into clinical practice. This software method allows to reveal thyroid pathology at an early stage in 50-100% of patients, to form risk groups, to effectively select patients for surgery, to carry out dynamic control of carcinoma and to reveal thyroid cancer recurrences.
During ultrasonic screening of children from Khoiniky region an increased prevalence of different changes of thyroid ultrasonic picture including thyroid cancer was revealed compared to control region.
A significant increase in thyroid hyperplasia, changes of thyroid ultrasonic pictures, characteristic of endemic areas were found during repeated screening.
Peculiarities of ultrasonic picture in main forms of thyroid pathology in children were revealed and described. According to ultrasonic data nodular and diffuse forms of thyroid cancer were classified, one of the possible reasons for relatively high incidence of extrathyroid spread of thyroid cancer could be both aggressive behaviour of tumour and its close to capsule location.
Practical recommendations for early diagnosis and adequate follow-up of patients with thyroid pathology have been worked out.