Iodine-131 Late Effects in Case of Childhood Exposure
Title: Iodine-131 Late Effects in Case of Childhood Exposure
Author: Mushkacheva G. S., Rabinovich E.I., Privalov V.A., Povolotskaya S.V., Ryzhova E.F., Shorokhova V.B., Turdakova V.A., Sokolova S. N.
Reference: Journal «МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ РАДИОЛОГИЯ И РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ» vol.: 51 No. 2 2006
ISSN: 0025-8334
Keywords: RADIATION EXPOSURE, IODINE-131, THYROID GLAND, LATE EFFECTS, THYROID DISEASES, NODULAR GOITER
Abstract: Purpose: The assessment of thyroid pathology incidence in later life after 1-131 exposure in childhood in population residing in the area affected by the operation of nuclear industry enterprise. Material and methods: 1,062 residents of Ozyorsk, the city near Mayak PA, the first nuclear industry enterprise in Russian Federation, were subjected to thyroid screening. The main studied group (707) has included individuals born in 1950-1953 in Ozyorsk or the ones who moved in Ozyorsk within the first two years since birth. The reference group (355) included Ozyorsk residents born elsewhere and moved in the city after 1967 when releases of iodine-131 were minimized. The developed screening procedure included the obvious clinical, ultrasound and biochemical examinations. Individuals with any thyroid abnormalities revealed were sent to additional examinations and to an endocrinologist who has diagnosed patients and prescribed therapy. Results: Total frequency of thyroid pathology was 28 % (difference between main and reference groups was insignificant). The structure of diseases was dominated by nodular goiter (65 %), followed by autoimmune thyroiditis (23 %), and diffuse goiter (9 %), benign and malignant tumors – 3 %. Analysis of separate thyroid diseases revealed statistically significant increase of nodular goiter incidence in main group, especially in females (sex- and heredity-adjusted relative risk (RR) of exposure was 2.1, confidence interval (CI) of 1.4-3.2). Large nodules (10 mm diameter and more) were found more frequently among members of the exposed group than these in the non-exposed group (RR = 2.67, CI = 1.2-5.94). Non-nodular forms of thyroid diseases in main group were more often complicated by hormonal disorders (hypothyroidism), and had a tendency toward greater expressed signs of autoimmune invasion (increased count of antibodies to the thyroidal per-oxidase). Conclusion: Exposure to I-131 in early childhood in cohort of Ozyorsk residents increases in two time the relative risk of nodular goiter development in followed life. Risk increase of large solitary nodules development in thyroid of I-131 exposed individuals was revealed. Non-nodular thyroid diseases occurred on persons in the main group were more often complicated with functional disorders.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9186386
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