Title: Chemicals in the environment: implications for global sustainability
Author: Plant, Jane A.; Korre, Anna; Reeder, Shaun; Smith, Barry; Voulvoulis, Nikolaos.
Reference: Applied Earth Science: Transactions of the Institution of Mining & Metallurgy, Section B. Jun2005, Vol. 114 Issue 2, p65-97. 33p.
doi: 10.1179/037174505X62857
Keywords:CHEMICALS; ENVIRONMENTAL chemistry; SUSTAINABLE development; PUBLIC health; POLLUTION; ENVIRONMENTAL health; Health and Welfare Funds; Administration of General Economic Programs
Abstract: The impact of chemicals on the environment and human health is a cause of increasing concern. Although many studies continue to be carried out on this subject, most address only individual chemicals or particular groups of chemicals, such as metals or radioactive substances. In this paper, we consider the availability of data and knowledge about potentially harmful chemicals from the national to international scale and suggest a strategy to help prevent chemical pollution or deficiencies damaging global sustainability into the 21st century.
URL: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/maney/aes/2005/00000114/00000002/art00001
Title: Problem on estimation of the content of 131I in milk in the “iodine” period of the Chernobyl accident
Author: Khrushchinskii, A. A.; Kuten’, S. A.; Budevich, N. M.; Minenko, V. F.; Zhukova, O. M.; Luk’yanov, N. K.
Reference: Journal of Engineering Physics & Thermophysics. Nov2007, Vol. 80 Issue 6, p1170-1177. 8p. 3
doi: 10.1007/s10891-007-0150-5
Keywords:MILK; IODINE; RADIOACTIVE contamination of milk; ISOTOPES; RADIOISOTOPES
Abstract: Measurements of the beta-activity of milk, serving as the main source of information on the radioactive contamination of the environment by the iodine isotope 131I, carried out on a DP-100 radiometer in the early post-Chernobyl period (1986) in Belarus, have been mathematically simulated. The results obtained allow the conclusion that the indicated measurements should be analyzed again with consideration for all of the nuclides present in milk.
URL:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10891-007-0150-5
Title: Radionuclide transfer to fruit in the IAEA TRS 364 Revision
Author: Carini, F.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Sept. 2009, vol.100, no.9, pp. 752-6
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.035.
Keywords:Fruit; TRS 364 Revision; Radionuclide; Deposition; Absorption; Translocation; Remobilisation; Root uptake
Abstract: Information on the transfer of radionuclides to fruits was almost absent in the former TRS 364 “Handbook of parameter values for the prediction of radionuclide transfer in temperate environments”. The revision of the Handbook, carried out under the IAEA Programme on Environmental Modelling for RAdiation Safety (EMRAS), takes into account the information generated in the years following the Chernobyl accident and the knowledge produced under the IAEA BIOMASS (Biosphere Modelling and Assessment) Programme in the years 1997–2000. This paper describes the most important processes concerning the behaviour of radionuclides in fruits reported in the IAEA TRS 364 Revision and provides recommendations for research and modelling.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X08001616
Title: Chernobyl fallout in the uppermost (0–3 cm) humus layer of forest soil in Finland, North East Russia and the Baltic countries in 2000–2003
Author: Ylipieti, J.; Rissanen, K.; Kostiainen, E.; Salminen, R.; Tomilina, O.; Täht, K.; Gilucis, A.; Gregorauskiene, V.
Reference: Science of the Total Environment. Dec2008, Vol. 407 Issue 1, p315-323.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.035.
Keywords:137Cs concentration; Fallout; Chernobyl; Surface humus layer
Abstract: The situation resulting from the Chernobyl fallout in 1987 was compared to that in 2000–2001 in Finland and NW Russia and that in 2003 in the Baltic countries. 786 humus (0–3 cm layer) samples were collected during 2000–2001 in the Barents Ecogeochemistry Project, and 177 samples in the Baltic countries in 2003. Nuclides emitting γ-radiation in the 0–3 cm humus layer were measured by the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority–STUK in Finland.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969708008474
Title: Fuel “Hot” Particles of the Chernobyl Accident in the Retrospective Evaluation of the Emergency Processes at the 4th Block of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant.
Author: G. I. Petelin, Yu. I. Zimin, V. E. Tepikin, V. B. Rybalka, and E. M. Pazukhin
Reference: Radiochemistry. May/Jun2003, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p304-308. 5p.
Keywords: ELECTRON microscopy; MICROSCOPY; X-rays — Diffraction; OPTICAL diffraction; NUCLEAR power plants; DISPERSION; Nuclear Electric Power Generation
Abstract: Solid particles fallen out after the Chernobyl accident were studied by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the dispersed fuel particles ejected into the environment and their nature were evaluated for different fallout directions, which supplements the existing version of the active accident stage at the 4th block of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP)
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1026143430242
Title: MUD: a Model to investigate the migration of 137Cs in the Urban environment and Drainage and sewage treatment systems
Author: Gallego, E.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2006, vol.85, no.2-3, pp. 247-64
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.10.017
Keywords: Urban environment; 137Cs; Sewage water; Water treatment
Abstract: A model is presented for the migration of 137Cs in the urban environment, including the drainage systems and the sewage treatment plants, with flexibility to be adapted to different configurations common in urban areas. The dynamics of 137Cs is simulated both under natural evolution and in case of forced decontamination, which can have a direct impact on the radioactivity going to sewers. The model assesses the activity concentrated in sewage sludge and that discharged with the treated or untreated effluent to the receiving watercourse. Tests made for two post-Chernobyl contamination scenarios in Sweden show differences between model predictions and observed results within the range of the experimental uncertainties. An uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the main model parameters indicates that some parameters may have a significant influence on the results of the model. Moreover, the model uncertainty is driven by a few parameters; therefore, additional research could be necessary into these parameters, aiming at simplifying the model without losing its predictive power.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X05002201
Title: Aquatic Assessment of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident and Its Remediation
Author: Onishi, Y.; Kivva, S. L.; Zheleznyak, M. J.; Voitsekhovich, O. V.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Engineering. Nov2007, Vol. 133 Issue 11, p1015-1023. 9p. 1
doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133:11(1015)
Keywords: Accidents; Aquatic habitats; Nuclear powerplants; Radioactive materials; Remedial action;Simulation models; Transport phenomena; Ukraine.
Abstract: This modeling study evaluated the aquatic environment affected by the Chernobyl nuclear accident and the effectiveness of remediation efforts. The study results indicate that radionuclide concentrations in the Pripyat and Dnieper rivers were well above the drinking water limits immediately after the Chernobyl accident but have decreased significantly in subsequent years due to flushing, burying, and decaying. Because high concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs, the major radionuclides affecting human health through the aquatic pathways, are associated with flooding, two earthen dikes were constructed along the Pripyat River. The left-bank dike alone was successful in reducing the 90Sr concentration in the river by half. The 100-m-high, movable New Safe Confinement (NSC), which will cover the current Chernobyl Shelter, will reduce radionuclide contamination further in these rivers and nearby groundwater. If the Chernobyl Shelter should collapse before the NSC is built, the resulting peak radionuclide concentrations in the Dnieper River are expected to still remain below the drinking water limits. The radionuclide influx to groundwater through the NSC should not have any effect on concentrations in the Pripyat River.
URL: http://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2007)133%3A11(1015)
Title: Thyroid diseases and exposure to ionising radiation: Lessons learned following the Chernobyl accident
Author: E.Cardis, A.Kesminiene, E. Amoros
Reference: [PDF-511K]Aug 2008
Abstract: – Genetic and environmental factors influencing the radiation induced cancer risk – Thyroid doses reconstruction and risk after the Chernobyl accident – Age and molecular biology – Lessons learned following the Chernobyl accident
URL: http://www.orau.org/PTP/PTP%20Library/library/International/EuropeanCommission/121_en.pdf
Title: Current Topics about the Radiological Consequences by the Chernobyl Accident
Author: Tetsuji IMANAKA
doi: [PDF-126K]Aug 2002
Abstract: …. Other articles in this report indicate the followings. About 4,400 cases of radiation-induced thyroid cancer were observed in Belarus by the end of 2000. There are also observed some increasing tendencies of other cancers among inhabitants in the contaminated areas and liquidators. Health deteriorations and mental retardations are observed among the children living in the contaminated areas and having received irradiation in utero. All these findings suggest the necessity of well organized epidemiological studies before giving conclusions about the health consequences of the Chernobyl accident as well as applicability of ICRP radiation risks to the related populations. …
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/kr79pdf/Imanaka.pdf
Title: Aetiology of thyroid cancer: An epidemiological overview
Author: Salabe, G.B.
Reference: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 47 (6-7), p.244, Nov 1993
doi: 10.1016/0753-3322(93)90131-4
Abstract: …244-246 0Elsevicr.Paris Thyroid tumors: aetiology and…is a relativelyrare cancer (l-Z% of all cancer). An excess of thyroidcarcinomahas…significantincreaseof thyroid carcinomahas also been…childrenof a region near Chernobyl(Belarus).It has…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0753332293901314
