Author: Nyagu A.I., Loganovsky K.N., Loganovskaja T.K.
Reference: Int. J. Psychophysiol. — 1998. — Vol. 30, № 3. — P. 303–311.
Keywords: EEG, behavioral deficit, thyroid function, IQ
Abstract: Prenatally irradiated children (n = 544), who were born between 26 April 1986 and 26 February 1987, in regions of the Ukraine which were radioactively contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl disaster, their mothers and teachers have been examined with psychometric tests. The control group of relevant children (n = 759), their mothers and teachers, were living at the radioecological ‘clear’ regions (Kharkov and Kharkov Region). Further, we randomly selected 50 prenatally irradiated children whose mothers were evacuated from the Chernobyl exclusion zone and 50 age-and-gender-matched non-exposed children. At this phase clinical examinations, psychometric tests, computerized EEG, thyroid function assessment and dosimetric reconstruction were used. We found a significant increase in mental retardation (IQ < 70) and of borderline and low range IQ, as well as emotional and behavioral disorders and a decrease in high IQ (IQ > 110) in children irradiated in utero as a result of the Chernobyl disaster, in comparison with the controls. One important biological mechanism in the genesis of mental disorders in prenatally irradiated children is the radiation-induced malfunction of the thyroid-pituitary system with the effect threshold of 0.30 Sv of thyroid exposure dose. We hypothesize that the cerebral basis of mental disorders in the prenatally irradiated children is the malfunction of the left hemisphere limbic-reticular structures, particularly in those exposed at the most critical period of cerebrogenesis (8-25 weeks of gestation). The data obtained reveal mental disorders in prenatally irradiated children and obviously reflect developmental abnormalities of brain structure and function as a result of the interaction of prenatal and post-natal factors where it is possible to assume radiation effects on the developing brain. A follow-up study of the children irradiated in utero, who may be at risk for schizophrenia, is proposed because of its particular importance to clinical medicine and neuroscience.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9834886
Author: Nowakowski R.S., Hayes N.L.
Reference: Acta Pædiatrica. — 2008. — Vol. 97. — P. 527–531.
Keywords: prenatal exposure, cognitive deficit, brain damages
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Widespread radiation is a threat unique to the modern world. A recent report reveals that sub-clinical damage to human foetuses between 8 and 25 weeks of gestation can result in cognitive deficits still manifest 16-18 years after birth. These previously unrecognised, long-term effects are apparently produced by a relatively short pulse of exposure to radioactive fallout at levels that were previously thought not to be deleterious. This idea is plausible given the nature of the developmental events occurring in the brain during this period of gestation.
CONCLUSION: This exposed population should be examined for other neurological and psychiatric syndromes. If these findings are corroborated, in the event of future radiation exposures, steps should be taken to shield pregnant women who are within this window of vulnerability.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18394093
Author: H. Korr, H. Thorsten Rohde, J. Benders et al.
Reference: Int. J. Radiat. Biol. — 2001. — Vol. 77, № 5. — P. 567–580.
Keywords: prenatal low-dose X-irradiation, hippocampal pyramidal cells
Abstract: PURPOSE: Apart from subsequent cell death, little is known about long-term effects of a prenatal low-dose X-irradiation (PLDI) on nuclear (n) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA, and whether these effects are connected with reduced neuron numbers in the adult brain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant mice were X-irradiated with 0, 10 or 50cGy at day 13 (E13) of pregnancy. One day after (E14), or postnatally at day 25 (P25) or P180, the brains of the offspring were analysed concerning the extent of nDNA repair, mt biogenesis, and the relative content of nDNA single strand breaks (SSB). Stereology was applied for evaluating neuronal loss.
RESULTS: One day after irradiation no unrepaired SSB were detected. Significant results were mainly obtained for hippocampal pyramidal cells at P180, particularly cell loss following 50 cGy PLDI, increased SSB content and mt biogenesis (0 vs. 10cGy) but decreased mt biogenesis for 10 vs. 50 cGy.
CONCLUSIONS: A hypothesis closely related to that regarding molecular events during aging is presented for explaining this second wave of cell death in adult mice following PLDI as a result of accumulated mtDNA damage caused by PLDI. A possible relation to the neurodegenerative hypothesis of schizophrenia is discussed.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11382335
Author: P. Lestaevel, L. Grandcolas, F. Paquet et al.
Reference: Neurotoxicology. ― 2008. ― Vol. 29, № 2. ― P. 343–348.
Keywords: CNS, Cs137, inflammatory cytokine genes, electrophysiological alterations
Abstract: After the Chernobyl nuclear accident, behavioural disorders and central nervous system diseases were frequently observed in populations living in the areas contaminated by (137)Cs. Until now, these neurological disturbances were not elucidated, but the presence of a neuro-inflammatory response could be one explanation. Rats were exposed for 3 months to drinking water contaminated with (137)Cs at a dose of 400Bqkg(-1), which is similar to that ingested by the population living in contaminated areas in the former USSR countries. Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes were assessed by real-time PCR in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. At this level of exposure, gene expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 increased in the hippocampus and gene expression of IL-10 increased in the frontal cortex. Concentration of TNF-alpha, measured by ELISA assays, was also increased in the hippocampus. The central NO-ergic pathway was also studied: iNOS gene expression and cNOS activity were significantly increased in the hippocampus. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that sub-chronic exposure with post-accidental doses of (137)Cs leads to molecular modifications of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and NO-ergic pathway in the brain. This neuro-inflammatory response could contribute to the electrophysiological and biochemical alterations observed after chronic exposure to (137)Cs.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18295892
Author: D. Bazyka, K. Loganovsky, I. Ilyenko et al.
Reference: 8th International LOWRAD Conference «The Effects of Low Doses and Very Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation on Human Health and Biotopes», 28–30 September 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. — P. 117.
Title: Neurobehavioral and Cognitive Performances of Children Exposed to Low-Dose Radiation in the Chernobyl Accident -The Israeli Chernobyl Health Effects Study
Author: N. Bar Joseph, D. Reisfeld, E. Tirosh, Z. Silman and G. Rennert
Reference: Am. J. Epidemiol. (2004) 160 (5): 453-459
doi: 10.1093/aje/kwh231
Keywords: accidents, radiation; child; cognition; health; neurobehavioral manifestations; radiation
Abstract: Exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation after the Chernobyl accident in the Ukraine could potentially have influenced the neurobehavioral and cognitive performances of exposed children. A cohort study of adolescents who were children at the time of the accident and who subsequently emigrated to Israel was conducted in 1998–2001. A total of 1,629 children (59% of all 2,769 invited) were included in the study (41% from higher contamination areas, 25% from lower contamination areas, 34% from noncontaminated areas). Mean scores of the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices Test were highest in children in all exposure groups whose parents had a high level of education. No overall relation was found between the cognitive function scores of the child and his/her putative radiation exposure level. Conners’ test T scores did not differ significantly by level of exposure. Mothers of all exposure groups who were pregnant at the time of the accident gave their children significantly higher Conners’ test scores than did those who were not pregnant. Scores for hyperactivity and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were significantly higher among those who were in utero at the time of the accident. These results do not show differences of neurobehavioral or cognitive performance in exposed versus nonexposed children. There is a possible behavioral effect among offspring of pregnant mothers or mothers of very young children in all exposure levels.
URL: http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/160/5/453.long
Author: VK Ivanov, AF Tsyb, MA Maksyutov, AI Gorsky, TA Marchenko, OV Kaidalov, AM Korelo et al.
Reference: Радиация и риск (Radiation and risk), 2005 no. 3
Thyroid Cancer shows us the necessity to revise the idea of magnitude of radiation risk from before Chernobyl. / three sites of solid cancers (all solid cancers, malignant tumors of the digestive system… ) /
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osnovnye-rezultaty-radiatsionno-epidemiologicheskogo-analiza-dannyh-rgmdr-k-20-letiyu-chernobylya
Title: THE LESSONS OF CHERNOBYL OR FUKUSHIMA: FORECAST OF RADIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
Author: Ivanov V.K., Kashcheev V.V., Chekin S.Y., Korelo A.M., Minyailo A.N., Maksyutov M.A., Gorsky A.I., Tumanov K.A., Pryakhin E.A.
Reference: Journal “Radiation and Lisk” 2011 vol. 20, No.3
Keywords: Chernobyl accident, estimation of radiation risks, the 2007 ICRP recommendations, prognostic estimates of radiological consequences of the disaster at the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP
Abstract: The following three main questions are considered in the article. First, results of large-scale studies of the National Radiation Epidemiological Registry for 25 years of follow-up after the accident at the Chernobyl NPP and summarized data on radiation risks for emergency accident workers and the population of the most contaminated with radionuclides territories of Russia. Second, verification of ICRP prognostic models (Publication 103) for estimating radiation risk with an allowance for data on the Chernobyl accident. And third, we give prognostic estimates of potential radiological consequences of the disaster at the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP with the use of the ICRP prognostic models.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/uroki-chernobylya-i-fukusima-prognoz-radiologicheskih-posledstviy
Author: Nakane Y., Ohta Y.
Reference: Psychiatric case registers in public health. G.H.M.M. Ten Horn, R. Giel, W.H. Gulbinat, J.H. Henderson (Eds.). — Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1986. — P. 26–27.
Author: M. Vrijheid, E. Cardis, P. Ashmore et al.
Reference: Int. J. Epidemiol. — 2007. — Vol. 36, № 5. — P. 1126–1135.
Keywords: nuclear workers, 15 countries, socioeconomic status, non-cancer disease
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ionizing radiation at very high (radio-therapeutic) dose levels can cause diseases other than cancer, particularly heart diseases. There is increasing evidence that doses of the order of a few sievert (Sv) may also increase the risk of non-cancer diseases. It is not known, however, whether such effects also occur following the lower doses and dose rates of public health concern.
METHODS: We used data from an international (15-country) nuclear workers cohort study to evaluate whether mortality from diseases other than cancer is related to low doses of external ionizing radiation. Analyses included 275 312 workers with adequate information on socioeconomic status, over 4 million person-years of follow-up and an average cumulative radiation dose of 20.7 mSv; 11 255 workers had died of non-cancer diseases.
RESULTS: The excess relative risk (ERR) per Sv was 0.24 [95% CI (confidence intervals) -0.23, 0.78] for mortality from all non-cancer diseases and 0.09 (95% CI -0.43, 0.70) for circulatory diseases. Higher risk estimates were observed for mortality from respiratory and digestive diseases, but confidence intervals included zero. Increased risks were observed among the younger workers (attained age
CONCLUSIONS: The most informative low-dose radiation study to date provides little evidence for a relationship between mortality from non-malignant diseases and radiation dose. However, we cannot rule out risks per unit dose of the same order of magnitude as found in studies at higher doses. (full text available on web)
URL: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/36/5/1126.long
