Title: Gender problems of oncology in Belarus
Author: Antipova S.I., Antipov V.V., Shebeko N.G.
Reference: Медицинские новости. – 2013. – №3.
Keywords: cancer, oncologic morbidity, mortality, lethality.
Abstract: The data of Belarusian cancer register on the morbidity of malignant tumors were summarized. There was shown the frequency of polyneoplasias. There was given a statistical and analytical picture of male and female oncology in Belarus; there is a tendency of age-specific cancer morbidity in men and women during 1999–2003 and 2006–2010. In Belarus the increase of morbidity takes place due to high cancer morbidity in the older age group and due to aging of population. Over the past 10 years there was observed the decrease of mortality in patients with cancer and the increase of contingents. It is possible to speak about oncomorphosis over the past decades. The highest morbidity is observed in the Gomel and Mogilev regions.
URL: http://www.mednovosti.by/journal.aspx?article=5512
Author: E.Ya. Sosnovskaya
Reference: Медицинские новости. – 2006. – №3. – С. 25-31.
Keywords: epidemiological research
Abstract: The aim of the current epidemiological study is to explore the frequency of occurence of diseases in the population and to determine its factors.
URL: http://www.mednovosti.by/journal.aspx?article=487
Author: Igumnov S.
Reference: Activitas Nervosa Superior Rediviva. — 2009. — Vol. 51, № 1–2. — P. 55–60.
Keywords: BEA, Belorus, borderline EEG, IQ
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study examined the formation of bioelectric activity (BEA) of the brain of 250 children at the age of 6–7, 10–12 and 15–16 years from regions highly contaminated by Chernobyl fallout, who were irradiated in the prenatal period at the time of the Chernobyl accident in 1986. These children were compared with a control group of 250 children of the same age from non-contaminated areas of Belarus.
METHODS: The examination included visual and computerized analysis of EEG as well as psychiatric examination and assessment of intellectual level.
RESULTS: In the both groups of children at the age of 6–7 the dominant were the variants of age norms (46.4% vs 44.8%; p=0.592) and synchronized (borderline) EEG (26.4% vs 28.0%; P=0.763). Quite noticeable was the relevant frequency of the slow type of EEG (19.2% vs 18.4%; p=0.820) as well as paroxysmal activity (8.0% vs 8.8%; p=0.830) in the both groups. At the age of 15–16 in the both groups we registered relevant decrease of index of θ- and δ-activity. The slow type of EEG in most cases was transformed into the age norm and synchronized type of EEG. The correlation analysis showed that the intellectual level of children (IQ) estimated by Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC-III) was in the direct proportion to spectral power of α-diapason in frontal lobes of the brain (r=0.38 in the both groups). Mental deficiency of children of the both groups was accompanied by the decreased level of the coherency of α-diapason. When comparing the results of BEA research with the dosimetric data we found no relevant correlation of these indices. The children with different EEG types did not demonstrate any relevant differences of medium doses of antenatal exposure.
CONCLUSIONS: The revealed changes of BEA of the brain show distinct age dependency. Their frequency in the cohort of persons exposed to antenatal irradiation did not have relevant differences from that in control group. (full text available on web)
URL: http://www.rediviva.sav.sk/51i12/55.pdf
Reference: — Amsterdam: Elsevier (Pergamon), 2003. — 230 p.
Keywords: pre-implantation, organogenesis, and fetogenesis, animal study
Abstract: In its 1990 recommendations, the ICRP considered the radiation risks after exposure during prenatal development. This report is a critical review of new experimental animal data on biological effects and evaluations of human studies after prenatal radiation published since the 1990 recommendations.
Thus, the report discusses the effects after radiation exposure during pre-implantation, organogenesis, and fetogenesis. The aetiology of long-term effects on brain development is discussed, as well as evidence from studies in man on the effects of in-utero radiation exposure on neurological and mental processes. Animal studies of carcinogenic risk from in-utero radiation and the epidemiology of childhood cancer are discussed, and the carcinogenic risk to man from in-utero radiation is assessed. Open questions and needs for future research are elaborated.
The report reiterates that the mammalian embryo and fetus are highly radiosensitive. The nature and sensitivity of induced biological effects depend upon dose and developmental stage at irradiation. The various effects, as studied in experimental systems and in man, are discussed in detail. It is concluded that the findings in the report strengthen and supplement the 1990 recommendations of the ICRP.
URL: http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%2090
Reference: Annals of the ICRP Vol. 30/1. — Amsterdam: Elsevier (Pergamon), 2000. — 56 p.
Keywords: pregnancy
Abstract: ICRP Publication 84 concerns the management of pregnant patients as well as pregnant workers in medical establishments where ionising radiation is used. Thousands of pregnant patients and medical radiation workers are exposed to radiation each year. Lack of knowledge is responsible for great anxiety and probably unnecessary termination of many pregnancies. This report discusses how to deal with these problems. It is written primarily for physicians, but will also be useful for medical and health physicists, nurses, technologists, and administrators. It is not intended as a complete reference work, but rather to provide a practical approach that can be used in varying situations.
URL: http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%2084
Reference: Annals of the ICRP. — Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1986. — 43 p.
URL: http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%2049
Author: Hunt W.A.
Reference: Military radiobiology / J.J. Conklin, R.I. Walker (Eds.). — San Diego: Academic Press, Inc., 1987. — P. 321–330.
Editors: A. Serdiuk, V. Bebeshko, D. Bazyka, S. Yamashita.
Reference: Kyiv: DIA, 2011. ― 648 pp.
Abstract: A comprehensive overview on the diverse aftermaths (health effects) of the Chernobyl accident. The subjects include acute radiation syndrome, leukemia, solid cancers, cytogenetic effects, immunology, medico-demographic issues etc.
URL:http://www-sdc.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/gcoe/activities/publication/20110829_e.html
Author: R. Gross
Reference: 2004
Keywords: X-ray, schizophrenia, premorbid cognitive function
Abstract: Raz Gross, M.D., M.P.H. (Young Investigator 2004) of Columbia University, proposes to follow up on results from his prior NARSAD-funded project that showed exposure of the brain to ionizing (x-ray) radiation early in childhood (before 5 years of age) is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia later in life.
The study drew upon a landmark Israeli study of children 43-55 years ago who were exposed to x-rays of the head during childhood for the treatment of a scalp ringworm infection. Preliminary findings suggested that those exposed early (<5) had more than a two-fold, statistically significant increase in schizophrenia risk when compared with unexposed siblings. Increased schizophrenia risk also correlated with a higher x-ray dose exposure. Schizophrenia determination was done by a linkage of the cohort population to a national psychiatric case registry.
In the new project, Dr. Gross is seeking to obtain a better diagnosis of schizophrenia, by means of chart diagnosis; and to delineate the relationship between early exposure, premorbid cognitive function, and schizophrenia, by using IQ data at adolescence (age 16-17), available for this cohort from the Israeli Draft Board registry. Results may contribute to a better identification of the vulnerable periods in brain development that lead to schizophrenia.
URL: http://www.schizophrenia.com/prevention/xray4.htm
Author: Graeub R.
Reference: New York: Basic Books, 1994. ― 242 pp.
