Author: Anderson N.E.
Reference: Curr. Opin. Neurol. — 2003. — Vol. 16, № 6. — P. 677–683.
Keywords: childhood brain tumour, Cognitive complication, endocrine dysfunction
Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: As the treatment of childhood brain tumours has improved, long-term survival has become more common. Cognitive, physical and psychological complications of the tumour and its treatment have been recognized more frequently in long-term survivors. This review highlights new studies on the cognitive and endocrine complications in survivors. Less-common late effects of treatment are also discussed.
RECENT FINDINGS: Cognitive abnormalities and endocrine dysfunction are the most common complications in long-term survivors. Radiotherapy is the main cause of cognitive dysfunction, but intrathecal methotrexate and surgery are contributory factors. New studies have provided information on the frequency of endocrine complications and risk factors for the development of endocrine disorders. Endocrine complications are uncommon when the tumour has been treated with surgery alone. The risk of developing endocrine dysfunction is increased by radiotherapy, and some studies suggest that chemotherapy has an additional deleterious effect. Primary hypothyroidism may be caused by scattered irradiation from spinal and cranial radiotherapy. Direct involvement of the hypothalamus by the tumour, and hypothalamic damage secondary to surgery or radiotherapy, may cause obesity. Hypothalamic tumours also may be associated with hypersomnolence and other features consistent with narcolepsy. The pathogenesis of hypersomnolence in these patients has not been resolved. Long-term childhood brain-tumour survivors are 40 times more likely to develop a stroke than sibling controls. Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system can develop many years after curative treatment of a cerebellar tumour, but effective treatment for this disorder is not yet available.
SUMMARY: An attempt to understand the factors that contribute to the long-term morbidity of childhood brain tumours can lead to changes in treatment that improve the quality of life in survivors. Prevention, early recognition and treatment of these complications are attainable goals.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14624076
Author: Douglas V. Almond; Lena Edlund; Marten Palme
Reference: New York, NY 10027: Department of Economics, Columbia University, 2007.
Keywords: Sweden, Japanese atomic bomb survivors, reduced IQ, Chernobyl, cognitive ability
Abstract: Japanese atomic bomb survivors irradiated 8-25 weeks after ovulation subsequently suffered reduced IQ [Otake and Schull, 1998]. Whether these findings generalize to low doses (less than 10 mGy) has not been established. This paper exploits the natural experiment generated by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in April 1986, which caused a spike in radiation levels in Sweden. In a comprehensive data set of 562,637 Swedes born 1983-1988, we find the cohort in utero during the Chernobyl accident had worse school outcomes than adjacent birth cohorts, and this deterioration was largest for those exposed approximately 8-25 weeks post conception. Moreover, we find larger damage among students born in regions that received more fallout: students from the eight most affected municipalities were 3.6 percentage points less likely to qualify to high school as a result of the fallout. Our findings suggest that fetal exposure to ionizing radiation damages cognitive ability at radiation levels previously considered safe. (full text available on web)
URL: http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/item/ac:114443
Author: Adams RE, Guey LT, Gluzman SF, Bromet EJ.
Reference: Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2011
Keywords: long-term mental health consequences, psychological well-being, exposed women, PTSD, MDE
Abstract: The Chornobyl nuclear power plant explosion in April 1986 was one of the worst ecological disasters of the 20th century. As with most disasters, its long-term mental health consequences have not been examined.
Aims: This study describes the psychological well-being and risk perceptions of exposed women 19–20 years later and the risk factors associated with mental health.
Methods: We assessed Chornobyl-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive episode (MDE) and overall distress among three groups of women in Kyiv, Ukraine (N = 797): mothers of small children evacuated to Kyiv in 1986 from the contaminated area near the plant (evacuees); mothers of their children’s classmates (neighbourhood controls); and population-based controls from Kyiv. Risk perceptions and epidemiologic correlates were also obtained.
Results: Evacuees reported poorer well-being and more negative risk perceptions than controls. Group differences in psychological well-being remained after adjustment for epidemiologic risk factors but became non-significant when Chornobyl risk perceptions were added to the models.
Conclusions: The relatively poorer psychological well-being among evacuees is largely explained by their continued concerns about the physical health risks stemming from the accident. We suggest that this is due to the long-term, non-resolvable nature of health fears associated with exposure.
URL: http://isp.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/08/02/0020764011415204.abstract
M.K. Schindler, L. Wang, L.D. Selemon et al.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12007457
Little MP, Tawn EJ, Tzoulaki I, Wakeford R, Hildebrandt G, Paris F, Tapio S, Elliott P.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18159955
M. Hatch, A. Brenner, T. Bogdanova et al.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19106267
Author: V.A. Buzunov, L.I. Krasnikova, E.A. Pirogova et al.
Reference: Проблеми радіаційної медицини і радіобіології (Problems of radiation medicine and radio biology), 2007
Abstract: no information on web. For details contact the editor: vkpand@ukr.net
Author: A.L. Shabadash
Reference: Восстановительные процессы при радиационных поражениях (recovery processes under radiation injury), 1964
Abstract: No info on web. A well known article among experts.
Author: V.I. Khomenko
Reference: Український медичний часопис. (Ukirainian Medical magazine), 2008
Keywords: Chernobyl accident, autoimmune reactions, protein S-100, myelin basic protein
Abstract: In Chernobyl clean-up workers with cerebrovascular pathology who were irradiated with a range of doses from 30 to 94 cSv the reliable rise of HLA-DR+ lymphocytes activation under protein S-100 stimulation is revealed in comparison with those irradiated in doses up to 30 cSv. It probably testify to the alteration of the glial structures in the central nervous system (CNS) and blood-brain barrier (BBB), that increases under the higher doses irradiation. Glial and endothelial cells of brain vessels are elements of BBB. Conclusions about a probable increase of permeability of the BBB in Chernobyl clean-up workers with cerebrovascular pathology who were irradiated in a range of doses from 30 to 94 cSv, correspond to the results of other studies that have demonstrated an increase of the cerebrovascular discirculation with development of the white and grey brain matter atrophy with the threshold dose for occurrence of these changes 30 cSv. Delay of the HLA-DR+ lymphocyte activation that we observed below this threshold dose is probably connected with the influence of CD4-8+-Т cells on the lymphocyte activation.
URL: http://www.umj.com.ua/article/2215/stan-aktivacijnix-reakcij-limfocitiv-na-nejrospecifichni-antigeni-v-ulna-na-chaes-zalezhno-vid-doz-oprominennya
Title: MOLECULAR CYTOGENETIC STUDIESON CHILDHOOD THYROID TUMOURS FROM BELARUS
Author: H. Zitzelsberger, J. Smida, K. Salassidis, L. Heiber, M. Bauchinger
Reference: Zitzelsberger et al. / International journal of radiation medicine 1999, 34 (34): 1719
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: Since 1992, tissue specimens from 264 childhood thyroid tumours from Belarus were received by the Institute of Radiobiology at GSF. For control, tumour samples from Belarussian adults, papillary carcinomas without radiation history and secondary thyroid tumours developed after radiotherapy were also collected. Based on this tissue and cell culture collection, several molecular cytogenetic studies were carried out investigating aberrations in subgroups of these tumours at the chromosomal and molecular level. These studies include the quantification of chromosomal aberrations by FISH-painting (Lehmann L. et al., 1996), G-banding and breakpoint analyses of chromosomal aberrations (Lehmann L. et al., 1997; Zitzelsberger H. et al., in press), analyses of p53 mutations (Smida J. et al., 1997) and RET rearrangements (Smida J. et al., in press) and an expression profiling of activated tyrosine kinase genes. This presentation focuses on cytogenetic studies and the investigation of RET rearrangements
URL: http://www.physiciansofchernobyl.org.ua/magazine/PDFS/3-4_1999/3_3_99_61.pdf
