タグ「biological effects of the radiation」
Title: Indicators of biological age and accelerated aging in liquidators of the consequences of radiation emergency
Author: E. I. Puchkova, N. V. Alishev
Reference: Advances in Gerontology , October 2011, Volume 1, Issue 4, pp 346-351
DOI: 10.1134/S2079057011040151
Keywords: biological age, accelerated aging, social-hygienic factors, functional classes of biological age, radiation accidents, medical consequences
Abstract: The biological age (BA) of the majority of liquidators of the consequences of radiation accidents in the navy and of the liquidators of the Chernobyl NPP accident exceeds the average standard and their DBA (due BA). The BA index can be a characteristic of the influence of social-hygienic factors on the health conditions in the Special Risk Subunit whose members liquidated the consequences of the radiation accidents. It was established that the radiation effect pertains to factors dramatically increasing BA and the rate of senescence in this group of people.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S2079057011040151
Title: Effects of non-human species irradiation after the Chernobyl NPP accident
Author: Geras’kin, S.A. / Fesenko, S.V. / Alexakhin, R.M.
Reference: Environment International, 34 (6), p.880-897, Aug 2008
doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.012
Keywords: Chernobyl NPP accident; Radioactive contamination; Doses; Ecological and biological effects
Abstract: The area affected by the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in 1986 has become a unique test site where long-term ecological and biological consequences of a drastic change in a range of environmental factors as well as trends and intensity of selection are studied in natural settings. The consequences of the Chernobyl accident for biota varied from an enhanced rate of mutagenesis to damage at the ecosystem level. The review comprehensively brings together key data of the long-term studies of biological effects in plants and animals inhabiting over 20 years the Chernobyl NPP zone. The severity of radiation effects was strongly dependent on the dose received in the early period after the accident. The most exposed phytocenoses and soil animals’ communities exhibited dose dependent alterations in the species composition and reduction in biological diversity. On the other hand, no decrease in numbers or taxonomic diversity of small mammals even in the most radioactive habitat was shown. In a majority of the studies, in both plant and animal populations from the Chernobyl zone, in the first years after the accident high increases in mutation rates were documented. In most cases the dose–effect relationships were nonlinear and the mutation rates per unit dose were higher at low doses and dose rates. In subsequent years a decline in the radiation background rate occurred faster than reduction in the mutation rate. Plant and animal populations have shown signs of adaptation to chronic exposure. In adaptation to the enhanced level of exposure an essential role of epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation was shown. Based on the Chernobyl NPP accident studies, in the present review attempts were made to assess minimum doses at which ecological and biological effects were observed.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412007002474
Title: Chapter 8 Mechanisms of radiation-induced carcinogenesis: The thyroid model
Author: Nikiforov, Yuri E. / Fagin, James A.
Reference: Advances in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2, p.169-196, Jan 1998
doi: 10.1016/S1569-2566(98)80016-1
Keywords: biological effects of radiation , papillary carcinoma, children
Abstract: Based on present information on the biological effects of radiation, the ultimate nature of the genetic events giving rise to the papillary carcinomas in the exposed children may have resulted either directly from DNA damage to oncogenic sequences (that is, ret/PTC), or may be due to downstream events taking place after the genome of the affected cell has been destabilized by as yet unexplained mechanisms. It is now clear that radiationinduced papillary carcinomas of Chernobyl have certain “signature” genetic features—namely a high prevalence of a particular form of ret/PTC rearrangement. This provides a definable end-point for future studies of radiation-induced DNA damage in thyroid cells, and may allow for the testing of more targeted hypothesis as to the natural history of these tumors. The exposure to the thyroid gland resulted from internal irradiation from absorbed shortlived radioiodines and, to a lesser extent, penetrating gamma radiation. Appearance of thyroid carcinomas was noted 10 years after the exposure, with seven papillary, one follicular, and seven occult thyroid cancers diagnosed among the 250 exposed individuals during 34 years of careful monitoring.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569256698800161
