Radioadaptive Response Following In Utero Low-Dose Irradiation

Title: Radioadaptive Response Following In Utero Low-Dose Irradiation

Author: Eric K. Howell, Sergey P. Gaschak, Kenneth D. W. Griffith and Brenda E. Rodgers

Reference: Radiation Research January 2013 : Vol. 179, Issue 1 (Jan 2013), pg(s) 29-37

DOI: 10.1667/RR3029.1

Keywords : In Utero, low-dose irradiation, DNA damage

Abstract: Acute radiation exposure is known to cause biological damage that leads to severe health effects. However, the effects and subsequent health implications of exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation exposures in utero. Pregnant laboratory mice (BALB/c) were exposed to low-dose Chernobyl radiation [10–13 mSv per day for 10 days] during organogenesis. The progeny were born and weaned in an uncontaminated laboratory, then were exposed to an acute radiation dose (2.4 Sv). Analysis of our end points (litter dynamics, DNA damage, bone marrow stem cell function, white blood cell counts and gene expression) suggests that a low-dose (100–130 mSv) in utero exposure to ionizing radiation is not deleterious to the offspring. Rather DNA damage, white blood cell levels, and gene expression results suggest a radioadaptive response was elicited for the in utero exposure with respect to the effects of the subsequent acute radiation exposure.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1667/RR3029.1?prevSearch=chernobyl&searchHistoryKey=&queryHash=f7283fdb5d57d03bfdb1eb17f03c59a5

Comet assay on children’s leukocytes 8 years after the Chernobyl disaster

Title: Comet assay on children’s leukocytes 8 years after the Chernobyl disaster

Author: Frenzilli, G / Lori, A / Panasiuk, G / Ferdeghini, M / Barale, R

Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 415 (1-2), p.151-158, Jul 1998

doi: 10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00060-6

Keywords: Single cell gel electrophoresis; Human leukocyte; DNA damage; Bleomycin; Adaptive response

Abstract…. The children come from the Gomel region, one of the areas most heavily radio-contaminated by the Chernobyl fallout. In addition, leukocytes were treated with a challenge dose of bleomycin (BLM, 1.5 μg/ml), to assess the presence of an adaptive response (AR) potentially resulting from chronic exposure to radionuclides. As controls, 13 children living in Pisa (Italy) were enrolled in the study. Children with thyroid cancer show higher (p<0.001) DNA damage than healthy ones.. …

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383571898000606

DNA damage evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) in children of Chernobyl, 10 years after the disaster

Title: DNA damage evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) in children of Chernobyl, 10 years after the disaster

Author: Frenzilli, G / Bosco, E / Antonelli, A / Panasiuk, G / Barale, R
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 491 (1-2), p.139-149, Apr 2001

doi: 10.1016/S1383-5718(01)00136-X

Keywords: Single cell gel electrophoresis; Human leukocytes; DNA damage; Bleomycin; Clastogenic factors

Abstract: Using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay, the extent of DNA damage was evaluated in leukocytes of 43 Belarussian children (16 healthy and 27 affected by thyroid cancer). Thirty-nine healthy children from Pisa (Italy) were enrolled in the study as controls. In addition to basal levels of DNA damage, leukocytes were treated in vitro with bleomycin (BLM), a radiomimetic drug, to evaluate a possible adaptive response in different groups of children….

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138357180100136X

DNA DAMAGE AND RADIOCESIUM IN CHANNEL CATFISH FROM CHERNOBYL

• Title: DNA DAMAGE AND RADIOCESIUM IN CHANNEL CATFISH FROM CHERNOBYL

Author: DERRICK W. SUGG, JOHN W. BICKHAM, JANET A. BROOKS, MICHAEL D. LOMAKIN, CHARLES H. JAGOE, CHAM E. DALLAS, MICHAEL H. SMITH, ROBERT J. BAKER and RONALD K. CHESSER

Reference: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 1057–1063, 1996

doi:

Keywords: Catfish, Chernobyl DNA damage, Micronuclei Radiocesium

Abstract: The explosion of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant resulted in some of the most radioactively contaminated habitats on earth. Despite evacuation of all human inhabitants from the most contaminated areas, animals and plants continue to thrive in these areas. This study examines the levels of contamination and genetic damage associated with radiocesium in catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) from the cooling pond and a control site. In general, catfish from the cooling pond exhibit greater genetic damage, and the amount of damage is related to the concentration of radiocesium in individual fish. Genetic damage is primarily in the form of DNA strand breaks, with few micronuclei being observed in contaminated fish. The possible roles that acclimation and adaption play in the response to high levels of radiation exposure are discussed.

URL: http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/personnel/RJBaker/Publications/233-DNA%20damage%20in%20catfish-Sugg%20et%20al-1996.pdf