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タグ「Dose assessment」

Environmental radioactivity measurements in north–western Greece following the Fukushima nuclear accident

ecology・environment

Title: Environmental radioactivity measurements in north–western Greece following the Fukushima nuclear accident

Author: K. Ioannides, K. Stamoulis, C. Papachristodoulou

Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , November 2013, Volume 298, Issue 2, pp 1207-1213

DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2527-6

Keywords: Fukushima, Radioiodine, Radiocaesium, Dose assessment, Greece

Abstract: The impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident in north–western Greece was assessed through an environmental monitoring programme activated by the Nuclear Physics Laboratory of the University of Ioannina. Measurements of 131I were carried out in atmospheric particulate, ovine milk and grass samples. In daily aerosol samplings, radioiodine was first detected on March 25–26, 2011 and reached maximum levels, up to 294 μBq m−3, between April 2 and April 4, 2011. In ovine milk samples, 131I concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 2.7 Bq L−1 between April 2 and April 6, 2011, while an average activity of 2.7 Bq kg−1 was measured in grass samples on April 4, 2011. The 134,137Cs isotopes were below detection limits in all samples and could only be determined in the air, by analysis of multiple daily filters. A maximum average activity concentration of 137Cs amounting to 24 μBq m−3 was measured during the period from April 5 to April 9, 2011, with the 134Cs/137Cs activity ratio being close to unity. Activity concentrations were consistent with measurements conducted in other parts of the country and were well below those reported in May 1986 after the Chernobyl accident. The committed effective dose to the whole body and to the thyroid gland from inhalation of 131I was estimated for the adult and infant population and was found to be of no concern for the public health.

ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-013-2527-6

Testing of a foodchain model using Chernobyl 137Cs fallout data and considering the effect of countermeasures

ecology・environment

Title: Testing of a foodchain model using Chernobyl 137Cs fallout data and considering the effect of countermeasures

Author: Zitouni Ould-Dada

Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 301, Issues 1–3, 1 January 2003, Pages 225-237

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00285-1

Keywords: Chernobyl; 137Cs; Foodchain; Countermeasures; SPADE; Dose assessment; Uncertainty; BIOMASS

Abstract: Chernobyl 137Cs fallout data obtained during the period 1986–1996 from the most contaminated area in Russia were used within the IAEA BIOMASS programme to test the reliability of radiological assessment models. This model-testing scenario included information and data on countermeasures that were applied in the test area after the accident. This paper presents the predictions of the terrestrial foodchain model SPADE that was used in this model-testing exercise. SPADE predictions compared reasonably well with test data except for pigs and wild berries where differences were up to a factor of 50 and 200, respectively. Estimated intake of 137Cs and ingestion dose by adult men and women living in the test area compared favourably with the test data. Overall, SPADE proved to be capable of simulating agricultural countermeasures and their effectiveness. Modelling of countermeasures was found to be a complex process with large uncertainties regarding their ‘real’ implementation and effectiveness. The lessons learned from this exercise will be valuable in making future dose assessments/reconstructions involving countermeasures with improved results.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969702002851

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