タグ「ecosystem」
Title: Consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services
Author: Henrik von Wehrden, Joern Fischer, Patric Brandt, Viktoria Wagner, Klaus Kümmerer, Tobias Kuemmerle, Anne Nagel, Oliver Olsson, Patrick Hostert
Reference: Conservation Letters, Volume 5, Issue 2, pages 81–89, April 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00217.x
Keywords: Caesium; Chernobyl; reactor meltdown; nuclear energy; radiation
Abstract: Nuclear energy is a potential solution to electricity demand but also entails risks. Policy debates on nuclear accidents have focused primarily on negative impacts on humans. Although such impacts are important, we argue that policy debates must also consider the consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. We reviewed 521 studies conducted after the Chernobyl accident, the most severe nuclear accident in history. Elevated radiation levels have been recorded among a diversity of species, even up to thousands of kilometers away from the meltdown site, and after more than two decades following the accident. Close to the reactor, physiological and morphological changes have occurred. Negative effects on ecosystem services have been observed, including the contamination of water, soils, and wild food supplies. Informed policy decisions on nuclear energy require a greater understanding of the consequences of accidents, including effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Based on our review, we recommend to (1) fully incorporate risks for biodiversity and ecosystem services into policy debates; (2) develop a coherent information chain regarding such risks; (3) use proactive planning strategies to be prepared for potential accidents; and (4) develop a coherent research agenda on the consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services.
ＵＲＬ：onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00217.x/abstract
Title: Migration of 137Cs in soils of different ecosystems of Bryansk Polessie
Author: Skovorodnikova, Natalia Alexeevna
Reference: Bryansk, 2005
Keywords: cesium-137, soil, ecosystem, agro-ecosystem, phytocenosis, Bryansk Polessie/ Polesia
Abstract: The purpose of the research; the study of cesium migration in soils of natural ecosystems and agro-ecosystems in Bryansk Polessie and its quantitative assessment.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/migratsiya-137cs-v-pochvakh-razlichnykh-ekosistem-bryanskogo-polesya
Title: Radioecological situation in the forest ecosystems of the Ryazan region, contaminated as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Author: Kononova, Galina Alexandrovna
Reference: Moscow, 2004
Keywords: Ryazan region, forest vegetation, radionuclide migration, cesium-137, ecosystem, mushrooms
Abstract: The main purpose of the work was to study the radiological situation in the forest ecosystems of the Ryazan region contaminated by radionuclides due to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, to determine the levels of cesium in the timber and non-timber forest resources, to assess their compliance with sanitary and hygienic regulations.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/radioekologicheskaya-obstanovka-v-lesnykh-ekosistemakh-ryazanskoi-oblasti-zagryaznennykh-rad
Title: The system of protective measures and technological methods of crop management on agricultural land affected by radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Ratnikov Alexander Nikolayevich
Reference: Moscow, 2002
Keywords: farmland, crop production, vegetation, protective measures, technological methods, radioecology, ecosystem
Abstract: The aim of the thesis was; radio-ecological substantiation of plant growing on the contaminated areas. Assessment of the effectiveness of protective measures in the radioactive contamination of agricultural land, providing mitigation in the current radiation situation
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/sistema-zashchitnykh-meropriyatii-i-tekhnologicheskie-priemy-vedeniya-rastenievodstva-na-sel
Title: Some features of radio-cesium’s behavior in ecosystems of the Kaluga region
Author: Kokoreva, Valentina Viktorovna
Reference: Kaluga, 2007
Keywords: ecosystem, radiocesium, bio-absorption, Kaluga region
Abstract: The aim of the thesis was to study the characteristics of the behavior of radioactive cesium in a variety of natural and man-made ecosystems in Kaluga region during the period of 1992 to 2006.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/nekotorye-osobennosti-povedeniya-radiotseziya-v-ekosistemakh-kaluzhskoi-oblasti
Title: Radio-ecological justification of long-term forecasting of radiation environment on agricultural land in the event of a major nuclear accidents, for example: Chernobyl NPP accident
Author: Ivanov, Uriy Alexandrovich
Reference: Kiev, 1997
Keywords: ecosystem, radiocesium, farmland, forecasting
Abstract: The purpose and objectives of research. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the basic laws of biologically significant behavior of radionuclides release in Chernobyl NPP (137Cs, 90Sr and 239’240Pu) into soils of Ukraine affected by radioactive contamination, assessment of the specific features significance of the post-accident situation (heterogeneity of soil’s surface and the characteristics of territory’s radioactive contamination, multiplicity of radioactive fallout forms, marked mottling of radioactive contamination of the territory) the intensity of radionuclides’ inclusion in biogeochemical chain migration and specificity of radiation exposure doses formation, long-term prognosis of radionuclides redistribution, released into the components of soil and vegetation layer/surface.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/radioekologicheskoe-obosnovanie-dolgosrochnogo-prognozirovaniya-radiatsionnoi-obstanovki-na-
Title: Variability cowberry induced contamination Chernobyl: The forest ecosystems of the Southern Black Earth Region of Russia
Author: Borzdyko Yelena Vasilyeva
Reference: Bryansk, 2006
Keywords: Southern Non-Black Earth area (Russian Federation), cowberry, ecosystem, contamination
Abstract: The purpose of the study. In terms of radioactive contamination of forest ecosystems of the Southern Non-Black Earth Region of Russia, to explore the morphological diversity of cowberry, its mitotic and meiotic activity, the duration of the individual phases of mitosis, the main types of chromosomal abnormalities, pollen viability, the relationship of exposure dose power/rate (MED) and the specific activity (SA) of radionuclides in the soil and phytomass, to determine the transition and accumulation of radionuclides in the phytomass, the influence of moss on specific activity 137Cs in leaves and its dynamics in fresh berries.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/izmenchivost-brusniki-obyknovennoi-indutsirovannaya-radioaktivnym-zagryazneniem-chaes-v-lesn
Author: Geras’kin S. A., Fesenko S. V., Alexakhin R. M.
Reference: ScienceDirect, 2008
ISSN:
DOI: 574.415:539.1.04:[614.876:631.03958]
Keywords: soil, contamination, plants, animals, dose-effect relationship
Abstract: The area affected by the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in 1986 has become a unique test site where long-term ecological and biological consequences of a drastic change in a range of environmental factors as well as trends and intensity of selection are studied in natural settings. The consequences of the Chernobyl accident for biota varied from an enhanced rate of mutagenesis to damage at the ecosystem level. The review comprehensively brings together key data of the long-term studies of biological effects in plants and animals inhabiting over 20 years the Chernobyl NPP zone. The severity of radiation effects was strongly dependent on the dose received in the early period after the accident. The most exposed phytocenoses and soil animals’ communities exhibited dose dependent alterations in the species composition and reduction in biological diversity. On the other hand, no decrease in numbers or taxonomic diversity of small mammals even in the most radioactive habitat was shown. In a majority of the studies, in both plant and animal populations from the Chernobyl zone, in the first years after the accident high increases in mutation rates were documented. In most cases the dose–effect relationships were nonlinear and the mutation rates per unit dose were higher at low doses and dose rates. In subsequent years a decline in the radiation background rate occurred faster than reduction in the mutation rate. Plant and animal populations have shown signs of adaptation to chronic exposure. In adaptation to the enhanced level of exposure an essential role of epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation was shown. Based on the Chernobyl NPP accident studies, in the present review attempts were made to assess minimum doses at which ecological and biological effects were observed.
URL: http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3bio/bio464/lectures/lectures_assets/ChernobylEffectsonNonhumans.pdf (full dissertation in English available online)
Author: Spiridonov S.I., Aleksakhin R.M., Fesenko S.V., Sanzharova N.I.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2007
doi:10.1134/S0869803107020099
Keywords: migration of radionuclides, effects on biota, ecosystem, public exposure
Abstract: Describes the basic system of migration of radionuclides in the environment, assessing the scale of effects of radiation on the biota. Evaluates the significance of the consequences of radioactive contamination on natural ecosystems in terms of the formation of public exposure.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9495348
Title: Interference of soil and radioactivity in Polesia ecosystems and in Opolye (natural area) of south east Russia
Author: Prosyannikov Evgeny
Reference: Moscow,1995
Keywords: ecosystem, Polesia, soil, biota, Opolye
Abstract: The purpose of the study; to research the effect of natural soil and various agroecosystems of Polesia and Opolye (natural land) on the behavior of radionuclides, and the impact of anthropogenic factors on the living stage of soil for the characterization of the conditions of human life.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/vzaimovliyanie-pochv-i-radioaktivnosti-v-ekosistemakh-polesya-i-opolya-yugo-zapada-rossii?_openstat=cmVmZXJ1bi5jb207bm9kZTthZDE7
