タグ「Finland」
Title: Pregnancy outcome in Finland after the Chernobyl accident
Author: T Harjulehto, T Rahola, M Suomela, H Arvela, L Saxén
Reference: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 45, Issue 6, 1991, Pages 263–266
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0753-3322(91)90027-Q
Keywords: Pregnancy, Finland
Abstract: The explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant caused radioactive fallout in Finland in April–May 1986. The fallout was unevenly distributed geographically, and, accordingly, the country was divided into 3 fallout zones. Wholebody radioactivity measurements of randomly chosen persons showed that the regional differences prevailed throughout the following 2 years. Data for legal abortions, registered congenital malformations as well as preterm births and stillbirths of malformed children were collected. The corresponding expected figures were obtained from statistics for 1984 and 1985. No differences in the expected/observed rates of the above parameters were detected.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/075333229190027Q
Title: Chernobyl fallout and outcome of pregnancy in Finland
Author: A Auvinen, M Vahteristo, H Arvela, M Suomela, T Rahola, M Hakama, and T Rytömaa
Reference: Environ Health Perspect. 2001 February; 109(2): 179–185.
Keywords: Finland, pregnancy
Abstract: Possible effects of Chernobyl fallout on outcome of pregnancy in Finland were evaluated in a nationwide follow-up study. The outcomes were the rate of live births and stillbirths, pregnancy loss, and induced abortions by municipality. Exposure was assessed based on nationwide surveys of radiation dose rate from the Chernobyl fallout, from both external and internal exposures. Using these measurements, we estimated the monthly dose rate for each of the 455 Finnish municipalities. On average, the dose rate from Chernobyl fallout reached 50 microSv per month in May 1986–a doubling of the natural background radiation. In the most heavily affected area, 4 times the normal background dose rates were recorded. Given the underlying regional differences in live birth, stillbirth, and abortion rates, we used longitudinal analysis comparing changes over time within municipalities. A temporary decline in the live birth rate had already begun before 1986, with no clear relationship to the level of fallout. A statistically significant increase in spontaneous abortions with dose of radiation was observed. No marked changes in induced abortions or stillbirths were observed. The decrease in the live birth rate is probably not a biological effect of radiation, but more likely related to public concerns of the fallout. The effect on spontaneous abortions should be interpreted with caution, because of potential bias or confounding. Further, there is little support in the epidemiologic literature on effects of very low doses of radiation on pregnancy outcome.
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240640/
Title: A semiotic analysis of the newspaper coverage of Chernobyl in the United States, the Soviet Union, and Finland
Author: REBECCA KAUFMANN / HENRI BROMS
Reference: Semiotica. Volume 70, Issue 1-2, Pages 27–48, October 2009
doi: 10.1515/semi.1988.70.1-2.27
Keywords: news, media coverage, U.S.A, Soviet Union, Finland
Abstract: As a disaster, Chernobyl invaded the minds of the world’s citizens unlike any other. More than a volcano, a stock market crash, or a student riot, Chernobyl received news coverage second only to that received by out and out war. As the co-Director of the Center for War, Peace, and the News Media adduced: Ά nuclear accident is … a unique news event. Nothing else, short of a nuclear war, resembles it’. The American, Soviet, and Finnish press approached the uniqueness of the Chernobyl disaster in very different ways. While the American and Soviet news coverage lost perspective of what was truly at issue — a tragic nuclear accident — the Finnish news coverage threw few stones and tried to report the facts.
URL:http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/semi.1988.70.issue-1-2/semi.1988.70.1-2.27/semi.1988.70.1-2.27.xml
Title: Empirical scavenging coefficients of radioactive substances released from chernobyl
Author: Kirsti Jylhä
Reference: Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics, Volume 25, Issue 2, 1991, Pages 263-270
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1686(91)90297-K
Keywords: Chernobyl; radioactive fallout; wet scavenging coefficient; weather radar; Finland
Abstract: After the accident at the Chernobyl power plant on 26 April 1986, most parts of Europe were affected by the associated radiation pollution. In this paper the dependence of the precipitation scavenging coefficient λ (s−1) on the rainfall rate R (mm h−1) is studied on the basis of radioactivity and radar rainfall measurements in Southern Finland after the accident.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/096016869190297K
Title: Accumulation of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in bottom sediments of some Finnish lakes
Author: Erkki Ilus, Ritva Saxén
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 82, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 199-221
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.01.008
Keywords: Lake sediments; Chernobyl fallout; Caesium-137; Sedimentation rate
Abstract: The amount and vertical distribution of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in the bottom sediments of some Finnish lakes were studied. Sediment and surface water samples were taken in 2000 and 2003 from 12 stations in nine lakes and the results were compared with those obtained in corresponding surveys carried out in 1969, 1978, 1988 and 1990. Each of the five deposition categories of Chernobyl fallout in Finland were represented. The depth profiles of 137Cs in the sediments showed considerable variety in the lakes studied. The peak values varied between 1.5 and 46 kBq kg−1 dry wt. The size and shape of the peak did not always correlate with the amount of deposition in the area, but on the other hand, reflected differences in sedimentation processes in different lakes. In some of the lakes the peak still occurred in the uppermost (0–2 cm) sediment layer, but in an extreme case the peak occurred at a depth of 22–23 cm corresponding to a sedimentation rate of 16 mm year−1 during the 14 years after the Chernobyl accident. The total amounts of 137Cs in sediments varied from 15 to 170 kBq m−2 at the sampling stations studied. Since 1990, the amounts have continued to increase slightly in two lakes, but started to decrease in the other lakes. In most of the lakes, the total amounts of 137Cs in sediments were about 1.5–2 times higher than in local deposition. In two lakes, the ratio was below 1, but in one case 3.2. Compared with the total amounts of 137Cs at the same stations in the late 1960s and 1970s, the values were now at their highest, at about 60-fold. The most important factors affecting 137Cs values in sediments were the local amount of deposition and the type of the lake and the sediment, but in addition, there were a number of other factors to be considered.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X0500041X
Title: No increase in thyroid cancer among children and adolescents in Finland due to Chernobyl accident
Author: But, Anna / Kurttio, Päivi / Heinävaara, Sirpa / Auvinen, Anssi,
Reference: European Journal of Cancer, 42 (8), p.1167-1171, May 2006
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.03.006
Keywords: Radiation effects; Thyroid neoplasms; Incidence; Chernobyl; Finland
Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess whether radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl accident in 1986 influenced thyroid cancer incidence among children and adolescents in Finland. The population was divided into two: those with thyroid doses less than 0.6 mSv and above 0.6 mSv. Cumulative incidence of thyroid cancer was identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry from a population aged 0–20 years in 1986 with a total of 1,356,801 persons. No clear difference in underlying thyroid cancer incidences rates were found during the pre-Chernobyl period (1970–1985) (rate ratio RR 0.95, 95% confidence interval CI 0.81–1.10). During the post-Chernobyl period (1991–2003), thyroid cancer incidence was lower in the more exposed population than in the less exposed population (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.59–0.98). Our results did not indicate any increase in thyroid cancer incidence related to exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl accident.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804906002358
