タグ「Hiroshima」
Author: M. Yamada, F. Kasagi, H. Sasaki et al.
Reference: J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. — 2003. — Vol. 51, № 3. — P. 410–414.
Keywords: vascular dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Hiroshima
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between midlife risk factors and the development of vascular dementia (VaD) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) 25 to 30 years later.
DESIGN: A prevalence study within a longitudinal cohort study.
SETTING: Subjects in the Adult Health Study (a prospective cohort study begun in 1958) have been followed through biennial medical examinations in Hiroshima, Japan.
PARTICIPANTS: One thousand seven hundred seventy-four subjects in Hiroshima, Japan born before September 1932 (1,660 with no dementia, 114 with dementia (51 with AD, and 38 with VaD) diagnosed from 1992 to 1997 according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria).
MEASUREMENTS: The subjects were examined for effect on dementia of sex, age, education, atomic bomb radiation dose, and midlife factors associated with risk (smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, dietary habits, systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index, and history of diabetes mellitus) that had been evaluated in 1965-1970.
RESULTS: VaD prevalence increased significantly with age, higher SBP, and lower milk intake. The odds ratios of VaD for age (in 5-year increments), SBP (10 mmHg increments), and milk intake (almost daily/less than four times a week) were 1.29, 1.33, and 0.35, respectively. The risk factors for VaD were compatible with the risk factors for stroke in this study population. AD prevalence increased significantly with age and lower education. Other midlife factors and radiation dose did not show any significant association with VaD or AD.
CONCLUSION: Increased SBP and low milk intake in midlife were associated with VaD detected 25 to 30 years later. Early behavioral control of the risk factors for vascular disease might reduce the risk of dementia.
URL: http://hnb.tokushukai.jp/contents/risk-factors-for-dementia/abstract/93
Title: In utero exposure to A-bomb radiation and mental retardation; a reassessment
Author: Masanori Otake, Ph.D. and William J. Schull, Ph.D.
Reference: British Journal of Radiology (1984) 57, 409-414
doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-57-677-409
Keywords: utero exposure, A-bomb, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, mental retardation
Abstract: The prevalence of mental retardation in children exposed in utero to the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki has been re-evaluated in reference to gestational age and tissue dose in the fetus. There was no risk at 0–8 weeks postconception. The highest risk of forebrain damage occurred at 8–15 weeks of gestational age, the time when the most rapid proliferation of neuronal elements and when most, if not all, neuroblast migration to the cerebral cortex from the proliferative zones is occurring. Overall, the risk is five or more times greater in these weeks than in subsequent ones. In the critical period, damage expressed as the frequency of subsequent mental retardation appears to be linearly related to the dose received by the fetus. A linear model is not equally applicable to radiation-related mental retardation after the 15th week, the observed values suggesting that there a threshold may exist. The data are consistent with a probability of occurrence of mental retardation of 0.40% per cGy or 40% per gray.
URL: http://bjr.birjournals.org/content/57/677/409
Author: Douglas V. Almond; Lena Edlund; Marten Palme
Reference: New York, NY 10027: Department of Economics, Columbia University, 2007.
Keywords: Sweden, Japanese atomic bomb survivors, reduced IQ, Chernobyl, cognitive ability
Abstract: Japanese atomic bomb survivors irradiated 8-25 weeks after ovulation subsequently suffered reduced IQ [Otake and Schull, 1998]. Whether these findings generalize to low doses (less than 10 mGy) has not been established. This paper exploits the natural experiment generated by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in April 1986, which caused a spike in radiation levels in Sweden. In a comprehensive data set of 562,637 Swedes born 1983-1988, we find the cohort in utero during the Chernobyl accident had worse school outcomes than adjacent birth cohorts, and this deterioration was largest for those exposed approximately 8-25 weeks post conception. Moreover, we find larger damage among students born in regions that received more fallout: students from the eight most affected municipalities were 3.6 percentage points less likely to qualify to high school as a result of the fallout. Our findings suggest that fetal exposure to ionizing radiation damages cognitive ability at radiation levels previously considered safe. (full text available on web)
URL: http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/item/ac:114443
Author: K.Yu. Antipchuk
Reference: dissertation, 2005, Kiev
Keywords: cerebral system, Hiroshima Nagasaki, socio-medical aspect
Abstract: Currently, more and more clinical and experimental data reveal the effect of ionizing radiation onto the cerebral system. Epidemiological data of Hiroshima and Nagasaki also show the important role of ionizing radiation in the formation of non-tumor pathology and mortality… The work describes some socio-medical aspects of the aftermaths of the Chernobyl catstrophe. Shows dose-dependent markers of various pathologies. Introduces research results of researchers from all over the world.
(full article available on-line in Ukrainian)
URL: http://librar.org.ua/sections_load.php?s=medicine&id=2491
Author: Nazarov A.G., Letov V.N.
Reference: Kamerton, Moskva, 2009
ISSN: 1995-4301
Keywords: radio-ecological consequences, medico-biological analysis
Abstract: The article presents the comparative analysis of medico-biological radio-ecological consequences of the two largest radiation catastrophes of the XXth century: atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 and the catastrophe in the IVth power-generating unit in Chernobyl.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=12924434
Title: Sixty years of follow-up of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors: Current progress in molecular epidemiology studies
Author: Nakachi, Kei / Hayashi, Tomonori / Hamatani, Kiyohiro / Eguchi, Hidetaka / Kusunoki, Yoichiro
Reference: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 659 (1-2), p.109-117, Jul 2008
doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.02.001
Keywords: Radiation; Atomic-bomb survivors; Somatic mutation; Oxidative stress; Colorectal carcinogenesis; Microsatellite instability; Thyroid carcinogenesis
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the on-going molecular epidemiology studies among atomic-bomb survivors conducted at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Japan. The focus is on: (a) inter-individual variations in sensitivity to radiation-induced somatic mutations (glycophorin A (GPA) mutations) and their potential relevance to differences in susceptibility to radiation-related cancers and (b) the role of specific mutations/rearrangements in radiation-induced thyroid and colorectal cancers. The glycophorin A mutant fractions showed large differences between the survivors at each of the estimated bone marrow doses. Of note is the finding at doses ≥1 Gy; that the slope of the mutant fraction was significantly higher in the ‘cancer group’ than in the ‘non-cancer group’. This study provided the basis for validating the use of γH2AX and reticulocyte micronucleus assays for evaluating radiosensitivity differences and genetic instability, respectively, in our studies in the coming years. Preliminary results from our molecular oncology studies on adult-onset papillary thyroid cancer provide evidence for the induction of RET/PTC rearrangements and BRAF point mutation (both known to be early stage events in adult-onset papillary thyroid cancer) but with a difference: cases associated with the rearrangements were more frequent at high doses, and developed sooner than those with BRAF mutation. In the case of colorectal cancer, the results suggest that radiation exposure might influence microsatellite instability (MSI) status through MSI-related epigenetic and genetic alterations—processes that might occur in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis.
…spontaneous thyroid cancer in the Japanese…variant papillary thyroid cancer was not found in…although this cancer has been frequently…observed among post-Chernobyl children. A major…event in papillary thyroid carcinogenesis is…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574208000318
