タグ「schizophrenia」
Author: H. Korr, H. Thorsten Rohde, J. Benders et al.
Reference: Int. J. Radiat. Biol. — 2001. — Vol. 77, № 5. — P. 567–580.
Keywords: prenatal low-dose X-irradiation, hippocampal pyramidal cells
Abstract: PURPOSE: Apart from subsequent cell death, little is known about long-term effects of a prenatal low-dose X-irradiation (PLDI) on nuclear (n) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA, and whether these effects are connected with reduced neuron numbers in the adult brain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pregnant mice were X-irradiated with 0, 10 or 50cGy at day 13 (E13) of pregnancy. One day after (E14), or postnatally at day 25 (P25) or P180, the brains of the offspring were analysed concerning the extent of nDNA repair, mt biogenesis, and the relative content of nDNA single strand breaks (SSB). Stereology was applied for evaluating neuronal loss.
RESULTS: One day after irradiation no unrepaired SSB were detected. Significant results were mainly obtained for hippocampal pyramidal cells at P180, particularly cell loss following 50 cGy PLDI, increased SSB content and mt biogenesis (0 vs. 10cGy) but decreased mt biogenesis for 10 vs. 50 cGy.
CONCLUSIONS: A hypothesis closely related to that regarding molecular events during aging is presented for explaining this second wave of cell death in adult mice following PLDI as a result of accumulated mtDNA damage caused by PLDI. A possible relation to the neurodegenerative hypothesis of schizophrenia is discussed.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11382335
Author: Loganovsky K.N., Loganovskaja T.K.
Reference: Schizophr. Bull. — 2000. — Vol. 26, № 4. — P. 751–773.
Keywords: schizophrenia, psychophysiological examination, left frontotemporal limbic and schizophreniform syndromes
Abstract: We studied schizophrenia spectrum disorders in Chernobyl accident survivors by analyzing Chernobyl exclusion zone (EZ) archives (1986-1997) and by conducting a psychophysiological examination of 100 patients with acute radiation sickness (ARS) and 100 workers of the Chernobyl EZ who had worked as “liquidators-volunteers” for 5 or more years since 1986-1987. Beginning in 1990, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of schizophrenia in EZ personnel in comparison to the general population (5.4 per 10,000 in the EZ versus 1.1 per 10,000 in the Ukraine in 1990). Those irradiated by moderate to high doses (more than 0.30 Sv or 30 rem), including ARS patients, had significantly more left frontotemporal limbic and schizophreniform syndromes. We hypothesized that ionizing radiation may be an environmental trigger that can actualize a predisposition to schizophrenia or indeed cause schizophrenia-like disorders. The development of schizophrenia spectrum disorders in overirradiated Chernobyl survivors may be due to radiation-induced left frontotemporal limbic dysfunction, which may be the neurophysiological basis of schizophrenia-like symptoms. Persons exposed to 0.30 Sv or more are at higher risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. An integration of international efforts to discuss and organize collaborative studies in this field is of great importance for both clinical medicine and neuroscience. (full text available on web)
URL: http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/26/4/751.long
Author: Y. Imamura, Y. Nakane, Y. Ohta, H. Kondo
Reference: Acta Psychiatr. Scand. — 1999. — Vol. 100, № 5. — P. 344–349.
Keywords: schizophrenia, risk factor
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between prenatal exposure to atomic bomb (A-bomb) radiation and the development of schizophrenia in adulthood.
METHOD: We investigated the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia among people prenatally exposed to the 1945 Nagasaki A-bomb, using the schizophrenia register and the A-bomb survivors’ database.
RESULTS: Among 1867 prenatally exposed individuals, 18 subjects (0.96%) had developed schizophrenia later in life. The prevalence was significantly higher in people exposed in the second trimester of pregnancy than in those exposed in the third trimester. The closer they had been to the hypocentre, the higher was the prevalence, but no statistically significant linear relationship was seen.
CONCLUSION: This investigation could not clarify the nature of exposure to A-bomb radiation as a risk factor for schizophrenia in the prenatal period.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10563451
Author: R. Gross
Reference: 2004
Keywords: X-ray, schizophrenia, premorbid cognitive function
Abstract: Raz Gross, M.D., M.P.H. (Young Investigator 2004) of Columbia University, proposes to follow up on results from his prior NARSAD-funded project that showed exposure of the brain to ionizing (x-ray) radiation early in childhood (before 5 years of age) is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia later in life.
The study drew upon a landmark Israeli study of children 43-55 years ago who were exposed to x-rays of the head during childhood for the treatment of a scalp ringworm infection. Preliminary findings suggested that those exposed early (<5) had more than a two-fold, statistically significant increase in schizophrenia risk when compared with unexposed siblings. Increased schizophrenia risk also correlated with a higher x-ray dose exposure. Schizophrenia determination was done by a linkage of the cohort population to a national psychiatric case registry.
In the new project, Dr. Gross is seeking to obtain a better diagnosis of schizophrenia, by means of chart diagnosis; and to delineate the relationship between early exposure, premorbid cognitive function, and schizophrenia, by using IQ data at adolescence (age 16-17), available for this cohort from the Israeli Draft Board registry. Results may contribute to a better identification of the vulnerable periods in brain development that lead to schizophrenia.
URL: http://www.schizophrenia.com/prevention/xray4.htm
