タグ「soil」
Author: Maradudin I.I.
Reference: journal “ЛЕСНОЙ ВЕСТНИК“ (Bulletin of Moscow State University of Forestry ), 2005
ISSN: 1727-3749
DOI:
Keywords: migration, 137cs, biogeocenoses, soil, plants
Abstract: Migration of 137cs in forest biogeocenoses. Observes the migration in three different conditions: Bio morphogenetic properties of forest structures, fertility and moisture level of forest soils. Observes soil and plants.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11528755
Author: Makhon’ko K.P., Kozlova E.G., Volokitin A.A.
Reference: journal “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК“ (Radiation and risk), 1996
ISSN: 0131-3878
DOI:
Keywords: deposition by typhoon, soil surface, exposure dose, 137cs, 131i, 132te
Abstract: The paper presents distributions of external doses and absorbed doses from thyroid internal exposure on the territory of the former USSR due to exposure of 131I and 132I released into the environment as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Dose assessments were based on measurements of daily depositions of 131I and 132Te from the atmosphere made by SPA Typhoon. The main body of available measurement data were added with calculations of 131I depositions from space-time correlations and results of measurements of total p-activity, 137Cs etc. Based on these data calculations were made of 131I and 132I accumulation on soil surface, exposure dose rate and exposure dose from y-irradiation 131I and 132I from the soil surface, and absorbed thyroid doses from incorporated 131I and 132I. Estimated errors in calculations are also presented. Besides, the paper includes ganerated maps of 131I contamination of the soil by 15 May 1986 and distribution of external and internal thyroid exposure doses from incorporated 131I and 132I accumulated by 1 september 1986. The dominant radiation load from 131I and 132I has been shown to be due to internal thyroid exposure to incorporated 131I. Given no iodine prophylaxis and restrictions in the diet of the residents, it could have been three orders of magnitude higher the external exposure doses. In different points of the former USSR, the maximum contamination was reported on different dates from 28 April to 3 May 1986. By estimation, of the major cities the highest radiation loads due to 131I occired in Gomel where by 1 June the exposure dose was 134 mR and the thyroid exposure dose was 166 cSv. The highest radiation loads from 132Te + 132I were in Kiev where by 1 June 1986 the thyroid exposure dose was 720 |xSv (72 mrem) and the exposure dose – 965 mR.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9320721
Author: Romantsova N.А., Paramonova Т.А.
Reference: journal “XXI ВЕК: ИТОГИ ПРОШЛОГО И ПРОБЛЕМЫ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ПЛЮС” (XXI CENTURY: PAST AND PRESENT PROBLEMS PLUS), 2012
ISSN: 2221-951x
DOI: 57.045:57.042
Keywords: 137cs, agricultural products, accumulation, soil
Abstract: The investigation of accumulation levels of 137Cs in biomass of main field crop rotation cultures (wheat, barley, potato) and of meadow ecosystems in -Plavsk radioactive spot of Tula region demonstrated that at density of radioactive pollution of soils ~200-430 кBq/m2(5-12 Ki/km2) green parts of plants accumulate 0,01-0,02 кBq/m2, and underground parts œ 0,1-3,3 кBq/m2. Accumulation 137Cs in biomass depends on biological features of vegetation, and also is in close direct dependence with accumulation of 137Cs in soils.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18202241
Author: Lukin A.A., Mel’nik N.A.
Reference: Gazette “Water Resources”, 2006
ISSN: 0097-8087
DOI: 10.1134/S009780780601009X
Keywords: radionuclides, water, soil, fish, concentration of uranium and vanadium
Abstract: The results of studies performed in the area of a uranium-vanadium deposit are used to characterize the concentration and distribution of microelements and radionuclides in water, soil, and fish. The exposure rate on the surface of the examined samples is found to be equal to 15�20 �r/h, i.e., to lie at the background level, which means that these samples are not an external radiation hazard for population. Concentrations of U and V in water somewhat greater than background values were recorded, though they are lower than MAC for fishery water bodies. The collected data show that a delicate equilibrium has formed in this territory, although the hydrochemical characteristics have not changed within the recent 40 years, and radionuclide content of water, soil, bottom sediments, and fish are at an extremely low level.
URL: http://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrder.do?UIN=183368045&ETOC=RN&from=searchengine
Author: Geras’kin S. A., Fesenko S. V., Alexakhin R. M.
Reference: ScienceDirect, 2008
ISSN:
DOI: 574.415:539.1.04:[614.876:631.03958]
Keywords: soil, contamination, plants, animals, dose-effect relationship
Abstract: The area affected by the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in 1986 has become a unique test site where long-term ecological and biological consequences of a drastic change in a range of environmental factors as well as trends and intensity of selection are studied in natural settings. The consequences of the Chernobyl accident for biota varied from an enhanced rate of mutagenesis to damage at the ecosystem level. The review comprehensively brings together key data of the long-term studies of biological effects in plants and animals inhabiting over 20 years the Chernobyl NPP zone. The severity of radiation effects was strongly dependent on the dose received in the early period after the accident. The most exposed phytocenoses and soil animals’ communities exhibited dose dependent alterations in the species composition and reduction in biological diversity. On the other hand, no decrease in numbers or taxonomic diversity of small mammals even in the most radioactive habitat was shown. In a majority of the studies, in both plant and animal populations from the Chernobyl zone, in the first years after the accident high increases in mutation rates were documented. In most cases the dose–effect relationships were nonlinear and the mutation rates per unit dose were higher at low doses and dose rates. In subsequent years a decline in the radiation background rate occurred faster than reduction in the mutation rate. Plant and animal populations have shown signs of adaptation to chronic exposure. In adaptation to the enhanced level of exposure an essential role of epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression regulation was shown. Based on the Chernobyl NPP accident studies, in the present review attempts were made to assess minimum doses at which ecological and biological effects were observed.
URL: http://www.utm.utoronto.ca/~w3bio/bio464/lectures/lectures_assets/ChernobylEffectsonNonhumans.pdf (full dissertation in English available online)
Author: Podolyak A.G., Bogdevich I.M., Timofeev S.F., Grebenshikova N.V.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2007
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S086980310704008X
Keywords: organic fertilizer, contamination, soil
Abstract: The article is based on agronomic, economic and radiological assessments of the results of long-term studies on the use of organic fertilizers (peat, sapropel, manure, compost torfonavozny) in the soil.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9534733
Author: BAKUNOV N.A., SAVATYUGIN L.M., BOL’SHIYANOV D.YU.
Reference: Gazette “WATER RESOURCES“, 2007
ISSN: 0097-8078
DOI: 10.1134/S0097807807020078
Keywords: 90sr, river
Abstract: Describes the migration of 90sr from soil to rivers in the northern European and Asian territories above Russia.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=13544966
Author: Mamikhin S.V., Badawy W.M. (Egypt)
Reference: Gazette “ВЕСТНИК МОСКОВСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ 17: ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЕ“ (Bulletin of the Moscow University- series 17: soil management), 2011
ISSN: 0137-0944
Keywords: RADIONUCLIDES, MIGRATION, SOIL, IMITATIVE MODEL
Abstract: In the present work algorithm of procreation of radionuclide migration in soil and its numerical embodying as imitative model of radiocesium behaviour in some volume of soil in microlandscape boundaries, including at irregular contamination and at presence of the expressed angle of lean of soil surface, are submitted. The model can also be applied at prediction of ecotoxicant redistribution in soil.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17108967
Author: Perevolotsky A. N., Bulavik I. M., Perevolotskaya T. V., Paskrobko L. A., Andrush C. N.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2005
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: [574:539.163]:630*6
Keywords: density of contamination of soil, ecotop, trophotop
Abstract:The studies of 137Cs and 90Sr accumulation characteristics by birch wood (Betula pendula Roth.) growing in different edaphic conditions. Describes the increase in soil fertility from trophotops A to D results in 5-fold 137Cs transfer factor decrease and 2-fold decrease of 90Sr. Soil humidity increase for each grade of trophic net results in the increase of 137Cs transfer factors to wood and decrease for 90Sr. Total activity of 137Cs and 90Sr in birch wood plantation depends on productivity of plantation and on radionuclide transfer factors depending on different plantation conditions. In the most prevailing edaphotops (B2, ВЗ, С2 and C3) birch wood accumulates 0.6-1.2% of 137Cs and 13-19% of 90Sr from total activity of radionuclides in biogeocenosis.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9149864
Author: Varfolomeeva K.V.
Reference: Gazette “ РАДИАЦИОННАЯ ГИГИЕНА“ (Radiation Hygiene), 2008
ISSN: 1998-426x
Keywords: FOREST ECOSYSTEM, TROPHIC CHAINS, SOIL AND CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS, TRANSFER FACTOR, RADIONUCLIDES MIGRATION, EXPOSURE DOSES
Abstract: Chernobyl accident has influenced greatly all spheres of life of the affected territories, changing the life-style of the local population. [1, 2]. Investigation of the radionuclides behavior in natural conditions becomes more and more important which is connected with the fact that radionuclides are drawn into substances rotation and are actively accumulated by the plants and animals, that means that they become integral link of the food chains and are of a great importance in the functioning of the ecosystems. Deposition of radionuclides in the forest system is often higher than in agricultural arrears. Specific ecological features of the forests often lead to the high degree of accumulation of contaminating radionuclides. Organic matter high content in the forest soil and its stability increase the transfer of radionuclides from soil into plans which lead to high content of radionuclides in lichens, mosses, mushrooms and berries. Radionuclides transfer to game in such conditions could bring to the situation when some people actively consuming game meet will be highly exposured
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11992069
