Dry, wet and cumulative fallout and milk contamination in Bratislava (Czecho-Slovakia) after the Chernobyl accident Author: V. Koprda

Title: Dry, wet and cumulative fallout and milk contamination in Bratislava (Czecho-Slovakia) after the Chernobyl accident

Author: V. Koprda

Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 19 November 1990, Volume 146, Issue 5, pp 323-331

DOI: 10.1007/BF02164235

Keywords: milk contamination, Slovakia

Abstract: The total γ-radioactivity of dry, wet and cumulative fallout and the radioactivity of cow milk was measured in Bratislava in the first month after the Chernobyl accident. The obtained results are in good agreement with the results of the monitoring net in Slovakia.

ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02164235

Radioactive pollution of Turkish biotas one year after the Chernobyl accident

Title: Radioactive pollution of Turkish biotas one year after the Chernobyl accident

Author: ·  H. Akçay, ·  G. Ardisson

Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 1 November 1988, Volume 128, Issue 4, pp 273-281

DOI: 10.1007/BF02166951

Keywords: Radioactive pollution, Turkey, biota

Abstract: Long-lived fission radionuclides spread out after the Chernobyl accident have been measured in samples collected from the Black Sea and at the Aegean coasts of Turkey between June 15 and September 15, 1987. Nondestructive analysis was performed using high resolution γ-spectroscopy. The activity remaining 16 months after the event was found to be enhanced in coniferous needles as well as in lichens, while foodstuff did not show any appreciable contamination. The relatively high¹⁰⁶Ru/¹³⁴Cs and¹⁴⁴Ce/¹³⁴Cs ratios compared to those found in analogous samples from Southern Europe, might result from a fractionation between refractory and volatile elements.

ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02166951

Content of Radionuclides of Chernobyl Origin in Food Products for the Belarusian Population

Title: Content of Radionuclides of Chernobyl Origin in Food Products for the Belarusian Population

Author: Vladimir P. MATSKO and Tetsuji IMANAKA

Reference: Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, July 2002

Keywords: Belarus, food, population, radionuclides

Abstract: Recent data on radionuclide contents of Chernobyl origin in food products and drinking water for the Belarusian population are reviewed. Strontium-90 and Cesium-137 are main radionuclides contributing to internal irradiation to the population. Contamination levels in food products from the social sector of agriculture (collective farms, agricultural co-operatives) are found to be generally below the current legal admissible level of RAL-99 that are defined to make internal dose of the population less than 1 mSv/yr. On the other hand, exceedings of RAL-99 are often found in food products from the private sector, especially in settlements of Gomel region where the contamination is the most serious in Belarus. Special attention should be paid to the non-farm products in the contaminated areas: mushrooms, berries, fish and meat of wild animals. For example, about 37,000 Bq/kg of 137Cs in fresh mushroom was registered in a settlement of Gomel region, which corresponds to 100 times of RAL-99 values. Concerning drinking water, the situation is quite good and no execeedings have been registered for the last 10 years.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/KURRI-KR-79.htm

Radioactive Contamination of Food in Stepanivka Village, Zhytomyr Region, Ukraine: in 1992 and in 2001

Title: Radioactive Contamination of Food in Stepanivka Village, Zhytomyr Region, Ukraine: in 1992 and in 2001

Author: Volodymyr TYKHYY

Reference: Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, July 2002

Keywords: contamination, food, Zhytomir region, Ukraine

Abstract: Two series of measurements of radioactive contamination in food samples were performed in 1992 and in 2001 in a village contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. The village, Stepanivka is located 120 km to the west of Chernobyl NPP and has a typical level of Cs-137 surface contamination around that area (3 – 5 Ci/km2). The study was performed by the Independent Environmental Laboratory in Kyiv, jointly founded by the Ukrainian NGO “Green World”, Greenpeace International and the International Renaissance Foundation. It is shown that the Cs-137 contamination in milk in 2001 became 9 times lower than in 1992, while the Cs-137 contamination in wild mushrooms and berries remained at the same level. Annual intake of Cs-137 by the people in Stepanivka through food products and water was about 3 times lower in 2001 than in 1992. On the contrary to the trend of Cs-137, activity of Sr-90 in milk and dried berries was significantly higher in 2001 than in 1992.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/KURRI-KR-79.htm

Monitoring of Radioactive Substances in Foods Distributed in Kyoto, Japan (1991–2011)—Comparison of Detection Rates and Concentrations before and after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident—

Title: Monitoring of Radioactive Substances in Foods Distributed in Kyoto, Japan (1991–2011)—Comparison of Detection Rates and Concentrations before and after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident—

Author: Yukinori BANNO, Mikio NAMIKAWA, Mariko MIWA, Soichirou BAN, Taichi ORITO, Shunsuke SEMURA, Masahiro KAWAKAMI, Naoya DOI, Shiro MIYAKE, Yasuhiro ISHIKAWA

Reference: Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi), Vol. 54 (2013) No. 3 p. 178-187

Doi:http: http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.54.178

Keywords: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident, radioactive substance, radioactive iodine, radioactive cesium

Abstract: Since the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident, radioactive substances have been continually monitored in foods collected in the city of Kyoto, Japan. The importance of the monitoring was increased by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. Here, the detection rates and concentrations of radioactive substances were compared among food samples collected before and after the accident in Fukushima prefecture.

ＵＲＬ：https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shokueishi/54/3/54_178/_article/-char/ja/

Long Term Temporal Changes of 90Sr and 137Cs in Seawater, Bottom Sediment and Marine Organism Samples – from the Chernobyl Accident to Immediately after the Fukushima Accident –

Title: Long Term Temporal Changes of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in Seawater, Bottom Sediment and Marine Organism Samples – from the Chernobyl Accident to Immediately after the Fukushima Accident –

Author: Shinji OIKAWA, Teruhisa WATABE, Hyoe TAKATA, Chiyoshi SUZUKI, Motokazu NAKAHARA, Jun MISONOO

Reference: BUNSEKI KAGAKU, Vol. 62 (2013) No. 6 p. 455-474

Doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/bunsekikagaku.62.455

Keywords: radiochemistry, ⁹⁰Sr, ¹³⁷Cs, seawater, sediment, marine organism

Abstract: A radioactivity survey program was launched in 1983 to determine the background levels of artificial radionuclides, such as ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in the marine environment off commercial nuclear power stations. In this paper, we report on the long-term temporal changes of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in seawater, bottom sediment and marine organism samples. Both ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs have been detected since the beginning of the program in the seawater samples.

ＵＲＬ：https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bunsekikagaku/62/6/62_455/_article/-char/ja/

Efficiency of bio-indicators for low-level radiation under field conditions

Title: Efficiency of bio-indicators for low-level radiation under field conditions

Author: Anders Pape Møller, Timothy A. Mousseau

Ссылка: Ecological Indicators, Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 424–430

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.06.013

Keywords: Bio-indicators; Chernobyl; Low-level radiation; Radiation; Radioactive contamination

Abstract: Relatively little is known about biological consequences of natural variation in background radiation, and variation in exposure due to nuclear accidents, or even the long term consequences to human health stemming from the over-use of nuclear medicine and imaging technologies (i.e. CAT scans). This realization emphasizes the need for assessment and quantification of biological effects of radiation on living organisms. Here we report the results of an environmental analysis based on extensive censuses of abundance of nine animal taxa (spiders, dragonflies, grasshoppers, bumblebees, butterflies, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) around Chernobyl in Ukraine and Belarus during 2006–2009. Background levels of radiation explained 1.5–26.5% of the variance in abundance of these nine taxa, birds and mammals having the strongest effects, accounting for a difference of a factor 18 among taxa. These effects were retained in analyses that accounted for potentially confounding effects. Effect size estimated as the amount of variance in abundance explained by background level of radiation was highly consistent among years, with weaker effects in years with low density. Effect sizes were greater in taxa with longer natal dispersal distances and in taxa with higher population density. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that costs of dispersal (i.e. survival) were accentuated under conditions of radioactive contamination, or that high density allowed detection of radiation effects. This suggests that standard breeding bird censuses can be used as an informative bio-indicator for the effects of radiation on abundance of animals.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X10001172

Consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services

Title: Consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services

Author: Henrik von Wehrden, Joern Fischer, Patric Brandt, Viktoria Wagner, Klaus Kümmerer, Tobias Kuemmerle, Anne Nagel, Oliver Olsson, Patrick Hostert

Reference: Conservation Letters, Volume 5, Issue 2, pages 81–89, April 2012

DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00217.x

Keywords: Caesium; Chernobyl; reactor meltdown; nuclear energy; radiation

Abstract: Nuclear energy is a potential solution to electricity demand but also entails risks. Policy debates on nuclear accidents have focused primarily on negative impacts on humans. Although such impacts are important, we argue that policy debates must also consider the consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. We reviewed 521 studies conducted after the Chernobyl accident, the most severe nuclear accident in history. Elevated radiation levels have been recorded among a diversity of species, even up to thousands of kilometers away from the meltdown site, and after more than two decades following the accident. Close to the reactor, physiological and morphological changes have occurred. Negative effects on ecosystem services have been observed, including the contamination of water, soils, and wild food supplies. Informed policy decisions on nuclear energy require a greater understanding of the consequences of accidents, including effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Based on our review, we recommend to (1) fully incorporate risks for biodiversity and ecosystem services into policy debates; (2) develop a coherent information chain regarding such risks; (3) use proactive planning strategies to be prepared for potential accidents; and (4) develop a coherent research agenda on the consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services.

ＵＲＬ：onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00217.x/abstract

A study of the staff, working in the Chernobyl zone, and residents of Slavutych (Ukraine) to identify the effects of radiation exposure from the Chernobyl fallout

Title: A study of the staff, working in the Chernobyl zone, and residents of Slavutych (Ukraine) to identify the effects of radiation exposure from the Chernobyl fallout

Author: Brenda J. Rogers and Laura K. Baker

Reference: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University

Keywords:

Abstract: In October 1999, a research of the following four groups was conducted: 1) the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident (which were directly involved in the work on decontamination), 2) Ukrainian scientists who conducted research in the 30-km exclusion zone, and 3) U.S. scientists who worked in the exclusion zone, and 4) residents of Slavutich (Ukraine), who weren’t affected due to their profession from the Chernobyl fallout.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/chornobyl/rus_radiation_workers.htm

Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Lithuanian populations: effects of occupational and environmental exposures

Title: Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Lithuanian populations: effects of occupational and environmental exposures

Author: J.R Lazutka, R Lekevičius, V Dedonyt, L Maciulevičiūt Gervers, J Mierauskien, S Rudaitien, G Slapšyt

Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 445, Issue 2, 30 September 1999, Pages 225–239

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00128-X

Keywords: Chromosomal aberration; Sister-chromatid exchange; Exposure; Heavy metal; Organic and inorganic volatile substance; Ionizing radiation; Chernobyl accident

Abstract: Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 175,229 cells from 1113 individuals, both unexposed and occupationally or environmentally exposed to heavy metals (mercury and lead), organic (styrene, formaldehyde, phenol and benzo(a)pyrene) and inorganic (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen and ammonium fluorides) volatile substances and/or ionizing radiation was performed. In addition, 11,250 cells from 225 individuals were scored for the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). Increased frequencies of CA were found in all occupationally exposed groups. A principal difference between the exposure to heavy metals and organic substances was found: increase in the CA frequency was dependent on duration of exposure to mercury but not dependent on duration of exposure to styrene, formaldehyde and phenol. A higher CA incidence was found in lymphocytes of children living in the vicinity of a plant manufacturing phosphate fertilizers. This indicates that children are a sensitive study group for the assessment of environmental exposure. However, the results of SCE analysis in these children were inconclusive. Exposure to ionizing radiation was found to cause chromosome breaks and chromatid exchanges in Chernobyl clean-up workers and chromatid breaks, chromatid exchanges, dicentric chromosomes and chromosome translocations in workers from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. The increased frequency of chromatid exchanges in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation was quite unexpected. This may be attributed to the action of some unrecognized life-style or occupational factors, or to be a result of radiation-induced genomic instability. Also an increased SCE frequency was found in lymphocytes of Chernobyl clean-up workers.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138357189900128X