カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
Title: Validation of the Polyphemus platform on the ETEX, Chernobyl and Algeciras cases
Author: Quélo, Denis / Krysta, Monika / Bocquet, Marc / Isnard, Olivier / Minier, Yannick / Sportisse, Bruno
Reference: Atmospheric Environment, 41 (26), p.5300-5315, Aug 2007
doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.02.035
Keywords: Radionuclides; Chernobyl; Algeciras; ETEX; Air quality modeling; Polyphemus; Polair3D; Long-range transport
Abstract: The objective of this article is to investigate the validity of a modeling system developed for forecasting atmospheric dispersion, the Polyphemus platform, with a special focus on radionuclides. The platform is briefly described and model-to-data comparisons are reported for three cases: the ETEX campaign, the Chernobyl accident and the Algeciras release. The results are similar to those usually given in the literature by state-of-the-art models. Some preliminary sensitivity analysis indicates the main sources for uncertainties.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231007001677
Title: Association of dissolved radionuclides released by the Chernobyl accident with colloidal materials in surface water
Author: Matsunaga, Takeshi / Nagao, Seiya / Ueno, Takashi / Takeda, Seiji / Amano, Hikaru / Tkachenko, Yu.
Reference: Applied Geochemistry, 19 (10), p.1581-1599, Oct 2004
doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.02.002
Keywords: radionuclides, 137Cs, 90Sr, Plutonium, colloids
Abstract: The association of dissolved 90Sr, 239,240Pu and 241Am with natural colloids was investigated in surface waters in the Chernobyl nuclear accident area. A 4-step ultrafiltration (UF) study (239,240Pu and 76% of 241Am are distributed in colloids of the two size fractions larger than 10 kDa (nominal molecular weight limit of the filter, NMWL), while 90Sr was found exclusively (85–88%) in the lowest molecular size fraction below 1 kDa (NMWL) for the Sahan River water at the highly contaminated area close to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP). Consistent results were obtained by 2-step fractionation (larger than and smaller than 10 kDa (NMWL)) for river and lake waters including other locations within about 30 km away from ChNPP. It is likely that Pu and Am isotopes were preferentially associated with dissolved organic matter of high molecular size, as suggested by the fact that (i) only a few inorganic elements (Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Mn, Al) were found in the colloidal size ranges, and (ii) the positive correlation between dissolved organic C (DOC) concentrations and UV absorbance at 280 nm, a broad absorption peak characteristic of humic substances (HS) was found. A model calculation on the complexation of Pu and Am with HS as an organic ligand suggests that the complexed form could be dominant at a low DOC concentration of 1 mgC L−1, that is commonly encountered as a lower limit in fresh surface water. The present results suggest the general importance of natural organic colloids in dictating the chemical form of actinides in the surface aquatic environment.
URL: http://www.experts.scival.com/kanazawa/pubDetail.asp?id=2942700456&o_id=36
Title: THE IMPACTS OF THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR DISASTER ON THE FOREST VEGETATION OF THE POLISSYA REGION OF UKRAINE
Author: Dr. Mykolai Kaletnik, Dr. Petro Pasternak, Dr. Serhei Hrisiuk, Yurij Bihun
Keywords:
Abstract: In the spring of 1986, the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear explosion left a substantial portion of the forested area of the Ukrainian Polissya region contaminated with radioactive fallout. Although less than 14.5% of Ukraine is forested, nearly one-quarter (24.2%) of its woodlands (appox.2,371,600 ha) are located in the Polissya region.
URL: http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/hpg/envis/proceed/kaletnik.txt.html
Title: Problems of Radioecology in forest. Forest. People. Chernobyl.
Author: V. A. Ipat’ev, E. F. Konoplya, V. F. Baginsky, B. I. Yakushev, I. I. Maradulin
Reference: Gomel, 2004
doi:
Keywords: forest ecology, soil decontamination, forestry, forest fires, Belorussia, Baltic countries, ground contamination
Abstract: Problems of safety system. Rehabilitation of forest land contaminated with radionuclides. Forest fires in contaminated areas: prevention, eradication and consequences. Management activities in contaminated areas. Monitoring, forecast and radiation monitoring of forest products. Reports from parliamentary assembly of the Union of Belarus and Russia.
URL: http://catalog.belal.by/cgi-bin/irbis64r_01/cgiirbis_64.exe?LNG=&C21COM=S&I21DBN=BELAL&P21DBN=BELAL&S21FMT=briefwebr&S21ALL=(%3C.%3EK%3D%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%8C%3C.%3E)&Z21ID=&S21SRW=TIPVID&S21SRD=DOWN&S21STN=1&S21REF=5&S21CNR=20
Russian: Проблемы радиоэкологии леса. Лес. Человек. Чернобыль: Ипатьев В.А., Конопля Е.Ф., Багинский В.Ф., Якушев Б.И., Марадулин И.И. …
Title: Recommendations for creating and maintaining fields of livestock exposed to radionuclides in Ukraine (in Ukrainian)
Author:
Reference: Ukrainian Ministry of Agribusiness, Kiev, 1998
doi:
Keywords: contamination, beef cattle, environment, radionuclides, ground, veterinary
Abstract:
URL: http://library.gpntb.ru/cgi/irbis64r_simplesite/cgiirbis_64.exe?I21DBN=RSK&P21DBN=RSK&Z21ID=&S21REF=&S21CNR=&S21STN=1&S21FMT=fullwebr&C21COM=S&2_S21P02=1&2_S21P03=K=&2_S21STR=%D0%97I
Ukrainian: Рекомендацiї зi створення i ведення галузi м’ясного скотарства в забруднених радiонуклiдами районах України
Author: Yu. A. Israel, S. M. Vakulovsky, V. A. Vetrov etc. edtor: Yu. A. Israel
Reference: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990
doi:
Keywords: environment, radioactive contamination, decontamination
Abstract: Formation of radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident. Contamination of environment, water, soil etc.
URL: http://chernobil.info/?p=5314
Russian: Чернобыль: радиоактивное загрязнение природных сред: Ю.А.Израэль, С.М.Вакуловский,В.А.Ветров и др.;Под ред. Ю. А. Израэля
Title: Effects of radioactive contamination on Scots pines in the remote period after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Geras’kin, Stanislav / Oudalova, Alla / Dikareva, Nina / Spiridonov, Sergey / Hinton, Thomas / Chernonog, Elena / Garnier-Laplace, Jacqueline
Reference: Ecotoxicology, 20 (6), p.1195-1208, Aug 2011 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0664-7
Keywords: Chernobyl accident, Radioactive contamination, Scots pine, Absorbed doses, Cytogenetic effects, Reproductive ability, Radio-adaptation
Abstract: A 6 year study of Scots pine populations inhabiting sites in the Bryansk region of Russia radioactively contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident is presented. In six study sites, 137Cs activity concentrations and heavy metal content in soils, as well as 137Cs, 90Sr and heavy metal concentrations in cones were measured. Doses absorbed in reproduction organs of pine trees were calculated using a dosimetric model. The maximum annual dose absorbed at the most contaminated site was about 130 mGy. Occurrence of aberrant cells scored in the root meristem of germinated seeds collected from pine trees growing on radioactively contaminated territories for over 20 years significantly exceeded the reference levels during all 6 years of the study. The data suggest that cytogenetic effects occur in Scots pine populations due to the radioactive contamination. However, no consistent differences in reproductive ability were detected between the impacted and reference populations as measured by the frequency of abortive seeds. Even though the Scots pine populations have occupied radioactively contaminated territories for two decades, there were no clear indications of adaptation to the radiation, when measured by the number of aberrant cells in root meristems of seeds exposed to an additional acute dose of radiation.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10646-011-0664-7
Title: Action of the radioactive environment contamination on the age changes of the lipid peroxidation state in the rodent tissues
Author: Shishkina LN, Zagorskaia NG, Shevchenko OG.
Reference: Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiĭskai͡a akademii͡a nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo, 23 (3), p.424-426, Jan 2010
Keywords: Radioactive contamination, lipid peroxidation, rodents
Abstract: Influence of the environment radioactive contamination on the age changes of the lipid peroxidation state in the Microtus oeconomus tissues (rodents caught in the Komi Republic areas and in the Chernobyl accident zone) was studied. The data show that action extent depends on the external y-radiation level in the trapping areas, the animal sex and the supply of the tissue lipids by antioxidants.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21137215?dopt=Abstract
Title: Validation of the ICRP model for caesium intake by lactating mothers with Italian data after the Chernobyl fallout.
Author: Giussani, Augusto / Risica, Serena
Reference: Environment international, 39 (1), p.122-127, Feb 2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.10.010
Keywords: Caesium; Breast milk; Urine; ICRP model; Breastfeeding
Abstract: ► The transfer of radiocaesium from diet to human breast milk was investigated. ► Measurements made after the Chernobyl fallout are compared to ICRP model predictions. ► The ICRP model describes well caesium concentrations in breast milk and its pattern. ► Description of urinary excretion is less satisfactory.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412011002558
Title: ASSESSMENT OF THE RADIONUCLIDE COMPOSITION OF “HOT PARTICLES” SAMPLED IN THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT FOURTH REACTOR UNIT
Author: Farfan, E. / Jannik, T. / Marra, J.
Reference: HEALTH PHYSICS JOURNAL, Oct 2011
Keywords: 21 SPECIFIC NUCLEAR REACTORS AND ASSOCIATED PLANTS; AMERICIUM; BURNUP; CESIUM; CESIUM ISOTOPES; CONFINEMENT; CURIUM; EUROPIUM; NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS; PLUTONIUM; RADIOISOTOPES; SHELTERS
Abstract: Fuel-containing materials sampled from within the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) 4th Reactor Unit Confinement Shelter were spectroscopically studied for gamma and alpha content. Isotopic ratios for cesium, europium, plutonium, americium, and curium were identified and the fuel burnup in these samples was determined. A systematic deviation in the burnup values based on the cesium isotopes, in comparison with other radionuclides, was observed. The conducted studies were the first ever performed to demonstrate the presence of significant quantities of {sup 242}Cm and {sup 243}Cm. It was determined that there was a systematic underestimation of activities of transuranic radionuclides in fuel samples from inside of the ChNPP Confinement Shelter, starting from {sup 241}Am (and going higher), in comparison with the theoretical calculations.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=1024191
