カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
- Title: Persistent contamination of water and food by Chernobyl: reversibility of 137Cs fixation
Author: Jim Smith, R Comans, N Beresford, S Wright, B Howard and W Camplin
Reference: Nature Publishing Group, 2000
doi: 10.1038/35012139
Keywords:
Abstract: Radiocaesium (137Cs) from the 1986 Chernobyl accident has persisted in freshwater fish in a Scandinavian lake for much longer than was expected1. On the basis of new data generalizing this observation, we propose that the continuing mobility of 137Cs in the environment is due to the so-called fixation process of radiocaesium in the soil tending towards a reversible steady state. Our results enable the contamination of foodstuffs by Chernobyl fallout to be predicted over the coming decades. Restrictions in the United Kingdom, for example, may need to be retained for a further 10-15 years, more than 100 times longer than originally estimated.
URL: http://eprints.port.ac.uk/140/
- Title: Is Chernobyl radiation really causing negative individual and population-level effects on barn swallows?
Author: Jim Smith
Reference: The Royal Society, 2008
doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0430
Keywords:
Abstract: Møller and co-workers (Møller et al. 2007) observe an ‘elevated frequency of abnormalities in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) at Chernobyl’ and ‘can think of no alternative explanations other than exposure to radiation that can have caused the observed patterns’. However, an obvious alternative hypothesis (e.g. Pikulik & Plenin 1994) is that apparent impacts on birds may be due to ecosystem changes resulting from the abandonment of contaminated land. In this and previous papers, Møller and co-workers downplay key limitations, namely: (i) probable confounding due to land use changes in the abandoned areas since the accident, and (ii) weak dosimetry and inappropriate grouping of ‘Chernobyl’ study sites…
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2412919/
- Title: Intraspecific variation in 137Cs activity concentration in sporocarps of Suillus variegatus in seven Swedish populations
Author: Dahlberg, Anders / Nikolova, Ivanka / Johanson, Karl-Johan
Reference: Mycological Research, 101 (5), p.545-551, May 1997
doi: 10.1017/S0953756296002924
Keywords:
Abstract: Following the Chernobyl accident in 1986, sporocarps of Suillus variegatus in Sweden showed a large amount of individual variation in concentration of 137Cs activity. Our aim was to determine the degrees to which this variability in sporocarp 137Cs levels could be explained by differences between (i) local populations, (ii) fungal genets and (iii) locations within genets.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0953756208607753
- Title: Plutonium and other alpha emitters in mushrooms from Poland, Spain and Ukraine
Author: Mietelski, J.W / Baeza, A.S / Guillen, J / Buzinny, M / Tsigankov, N / Gaca, P / Jasińska, M / Tomankiewicz, E
Reference: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 56 (5), p.717-729, May 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00281-0
Keywords: Plutonium; Radionuclides in mushrooms; Alpha emitters; Chernobyl; Global fallout; Uranium; Thorium
Abstract: The paper presents results on Pu, U and Th isotope activity concentration measurements in some mushroom samples collected in Poland, Spain and Ukraine. The sampling sites differ a lot with regard to observed levels of Pu, its origin and isotope ratios as well as the environmental properties. Some of the Polish samples were collected in the north-eastern part of the country with up to 30 Bq/m2 of Chernobyl Pu deposition.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804301002810
- Title: CHERNOBYL AS A POPULATION SINK FOR BARN SWALLOWS: TRACKING DISPERSAL USING STABLE-ISOTOPE PROFILES
Author: A. P. MøLLER, K. A. HOBSON, T. A. MOUSSEAU,AND A. M. PEKLO
Reference: Ecological Applications, 16(5), 2006, pp. 1696–1705
doi:
Keywords: Barn Swallows; Chernobyl, Ukraine; correlation of stable-isotope profiles; Hirundo rustica; sinks; sources; variance in stable-isotope profiles
Abstract: Stable-isotope profiles of feathers can reveal the location or habitat used by individual birds during the molting period. Heterogeneity in isotope profiles will reflect heterogeneity in molt locations, but also heterogeneity in breeding locations, because spatial heterogeneity in molt locations will be congruent with spatial heterogeneity in breeding locations in species with high connectivity between breeding and molting sites.
URL: http://cricket.biol.sc.edu/chernobyl/papers/moller-et-al-chernobyl-isotopes-2007.pdf
- Title: Chernobyl-derived radiocaesium in fish as dependent on water quality and lake morphometry
Author: Sarkka, Jukka / Jamsa, Aulis / Luukko, Antti
Reference: Journal of Fish Biology, 46 (2), p.227-240, Feb 1995
doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05964.x
Keywords: radiocaesium; regional variation; environmental influence; water quality; lake morphometry
Abstract: 137Cs concentrations in perch Perca fluviatilis, pike Esox lucius and roach Rutilus rutilus obtained from lakes of different size and water quality in an area which received about 10–67 kBq m−2137Cs, were compared with environmental data. Radiocaesium concentrations were highest in pike, and were about two to three times higher in the pike and perch than in the roach. The largest perch had about four times more 137Cs than the smallest ones, but the activities in the pike and roach were independent of fish size.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1995.tb05964.x/abstract
- Title: Afforestation for the Provision of Multiple Ecosystem Services: A Ukrainian Case Study
Author: Nijnik, Maria / Oskam, Arie / Nijnik, Anatoliy
Reference: International Journal of Forestry Research, 2012, p.1-12, Jan 2012
doi: 10.1155/2012/295414
Keywords:
Abstract: This paper presents an economic analysis of the planting of trees on marginal lands in Ukraine for timber production, erosion prevention, and climate mitigation. A methodology combining econometric analysis, simulation modelling, and linear programming to analyse the costs and benefits of such afforestation has been adopted. The research reveals that, at discount rates lower than 2%, establishment of new forests is economically justified in the majority of forestry zones.
URL: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijfr/2012/295414/
- Title: Remediation of ecosystems damaged by environmental contamination: Applications of ecological engineering and ecosystem restoration in Central and Eastern Europe
Author: Mitsch, W.J / Mander, Ü
Reference: Ecological Engineering, 8 (4), p.247-254, Aug 1997
doi: 10.1016/S0925-8574(97)00021-9
Keywords: Ecosystem restoration; Ecology workshop; Chernobyl; Acidification; Forest decline; Central and Eastern Europe; Riparian buffer strips; Ecological engineering
Abstract: To investigate the applicability of ecological engineering to pollution problems prevalent in present-day Central and Eastern Europe, a SCOPE-UNEP sponsored workshop was held in Estonia in November 1995. The workshop was undertaken specifically to obtain information from and to train planners, managers and scientists in the region. These `countries in transition’ face, in many respects, unique environmental problems as a result of their recent domination by a centralized planning government system.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925857497000219
- Title: Estimation of marine source-term following Fukushima Dai-ichi accident
Author: Bailly du Bois, P. / Laguionie, P. / Boust, D. / Korsakissok, I. / Didier, D. / Fiévet, B.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 114, p.2-9, Dec 2012
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.11.015
Keywords: Fukushima; Source-term; 137Cs; 134Cs; 131I; Environmental half time
Abstract: ► Fukushima Dai-ichi accident is the most important artificial radioactive release flux into the sea. ► Quantities of 137Cs in seawater are deduced from individual measurements. ► Local concentrations in seawater diminish regularly by a factor of two in seven days. ► Total amount of direct releases of 137Cs estimated is 27 PBq (12 PBq–41 PBq). ► Time-evolution of release fluxes is drawn.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X1100289X
- Title: Sedimentation and remobilization of radiocesium in the coastal area of Ibaraki, 70 km south of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant
Author: Otosaka, Shigeyoshi / Kobayashi, Takuya
Reference: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Nov 2012
doi: 10.1007/s10661-012-2956-7
Keywords: Radiocesium, Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, Seabed sediment, Coastal area, Redistribution
Abstract: Sedimentation and remobilization processes of radiocesium were investigated from time-series observations at nine stations in the coastal area of Ibaraki, 70–110 km south of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (1FNPP). Sediment samples were collected four times between June 2011 and January 2012, and concentrations of radiocesium as well as sediment properties such as grain size and elemental compositions were analyzed. Cumulative inventory of 137Cs in sediment (0–10 cm) ranged between 4 × 103 and 3 × 104 Bq/m2 as of January 2012.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10661-012-2956-7
