Prenatal X-ray exposure may increase risk of schizophrenia: results from the Jerusalem Perinatal Cohort Schizophrenia Study
Author: H. Hamid, R. Gross, S. Harlap et al.
Reference: submitted to the Int. Rad. Biol. — 2010.
カテゴリー「no classified」
Post-radiation syndrome as a NO/ONOO(-) cycle, chronic fatigue syndrome-like disease
Author: Pall M.L.
Reference: Med. Hypotheses. — 2008. — Vol. 71, № 4. — P. 537–541.
Keywords: CFS, oxide/peroxynitrite (NO/ONOO-) cycle
Abstract: Post-radiation syndrome is proposed to be chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or a chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness, initiated by exposure to ionizing radiation. This view is supported by the nitric oxide/peroxynitrite (NO/ONOO-) cycle mechanism, the putative etiologic mechanism for CFS and related illnesses. Ionizing radiation may initiate illness by increasing nitric oxide levels via increased activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and consequent increased synthesis of the inducible nitric oxide synthase. Two types of components of the nitric oxide/peroxynitrite cycle have been studied in post-radiation syndrome patients and shown to be elevated. The symptoms and signs of post-radiation syndrome and its chronicity are similar or identical to those of chronic fatigue syndrome and can be explained as being a consequence of nitric oxide/peroxynitrite cycle etiology. While the data available to test this view are limited, it provides for the first time a comprehensive explanation for post-radiation syndrome.
Psychological consequences of nuclear and radiological accidents: delayed neuropsychiatric effects of the acute radiation sickness following Chernobyl
Author: Nyagu A.I., Loganovsky K.N., Yuryev K.L.
Reference: Follow-up of delayed health consequences of acute accidental radiation exposure. Lessons to be learned from their medical management. — IAEA-TECDOC-1300, IAEA, WHO. — Vienna: IAEA, 2002. — P. 27–47.
Psychophysiologic aftereffects of prenatal irradiation
Author: Nyagu A.I., Loganovsky K.N., Loganovskaja T.K.
Reference: Int. J. Psychophysiol. — 1998. — Vol. 30, № 3. — P. 303–311.
Keywords: EEG, behavioral deficit, thyroid function, IQ
Abstract: Prenatally irradiated children (n = 544), who were born between 26 April 1986 and 26 February 1987, in regions of the Ukraine which were radioactively contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl disaster, their mothers and teachers have been examined with psychometric tests. The control group of relevant children (n = 759), their mothers and teachers, were living at the radioecological ‘clear’ regions (Kharkov and Kharkov Region). Further, we randomly selected 50 prenatally irradiated children whose mothers were evacuated from the Chernobyl exclusion zone and 50 age-and-gender-matched non-exposed children. At this phase clinical examinations, psychometric tests, computerized EEG, thyroid function assessment and dosimetric reconstruction were used. We found a significant increase in mental retardation (IQ < 70) and of borderline and low range IQ, as well as emotional and behavioral disorders and a decrease in high IQ (IQ > 110) in children irradiated in utero as a result of the Chernobyl disaster, in comparison with the controls. One important biological mechanism in the genesis of mental disorders in prenatally irradiated children is the radiation-induced malfunction of the thyroid-pituitary system with the effect threshold of 0.30 Sv of thyroid exposure dose. We hypothesize that the cerebral basis of mental disorders in the prenatally irradiated children is the malfunction of the left hemisphere limbic-reticular structures, particularly in those exposed at the most critical period of cerebrogenesis (8-25 weeks of gestation). The data obtained reveal mental disorders in prenatally irradiated children and obviously reflect developmental abnormalities of brain structure and function as a result of the interaction of prenatal and post-natal factors where it is possible to assume radiation effects on the developing brain. A follow-up study of the children irradiated in utero, who may be at risk for schizophrenia, is proposed because of its particular importance to clinical medicine and neuroscience.
The main results of radiation-epidemiological analysis of data of the RNMDR (the 20th anniversary of Chernobyl)
Author: VK Ivanov, AF Tsyb, MA Maksyutov, AI Gorsky, TA Marchenko, OV Kaidalov, AM Korelo et al.
Reference: Радиация и риск (Radiation and risk), 2005 no. 3
Thyroid Cancer shows us the necessity to revise the idea of magnitude of radiation risk from before Chernobyl. / three sites of solid cancers (all solid cancers, malignant tumors of the digestive system… ) /
THE LESSONS OF CHERNOBYL OR FUKUSHIMA: FORECAST OF RADIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
Title: THE LESSONS OF CHERNOBYL OR FUKUSHIMA: FORECAST OF RADIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES
Author: Ivanov V.K., Kashcheev V.V., Chekin S.Y., Korelo A.M., Minyailo A.N., Maksyutov M.A., Gorsky A.I., Tumanov K.A., Pryakhin E.A.
Reference: Journal “Radiation and Lisk” 2011 vol. 20, No.3
Keywords: Chernobyl accident, estimation of radiation risks, the 2007 ICRP recommendations, prognostic estimates of radiological consequences of the disaster at the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP
Abstract: The following three main questions are considered in the article. First, results of large-scale studies of the National Radiation Epidemiological Registry for 25 years of follow-up after the accident at the Chernobyl NPP and summarized data on radiation risks for emergency accident workers and the population of the most contaminated with radionuclides territories of Russia. Second, verification of ICRP prognostic models (Publication 103) for estimating radiation risk with an allowance for data on the Chernobyl accident. And third, we give prognostic estimates of potential radiological consequences of the disaster at the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP with the use of the ICRP prognostic models.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/uroki-chernobylya-i-fukusima-prognoz-radiologicheskih-posledstviy
An example from the Japanese Register: some long-term consequences of the A-bomb for its survivors in Nagasaki
Author: Nakane Y., Ohta Y.
Reference: Psychiatric case registers in public health. G.H.M.M. Ten Horn, R. Giel, W.H. Gulbinat, J.H. Henderson (Eds.). — Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1986. — P. 26–27.
Mortality among the Chernobyl emergency workers: estimation of radiation risks (preliminary analysis)
Author: V.K. Ivanov, A.I. Gorski, M.A. Maksioutov et al.
Reference: Health Phys. — 2001. — Vol. 81, № 5. — P. 514–521.
Keywords: liquidator, malignant neoplasm, cardiovascular disease, injury
Abstract: This paper presents results of the analysis of mortality among Chernobyl accident emergency workers who are resident in Russia. The analysis is based on information for the cohort of emergency workers (males) from six regions of Russia including 65,905 persons with documented external doses in the range 0.005-03 Sv. These data were gathered during the period 1991 to 1998 and cover a total of 426,304 follow-up person-y. In this period, 4,995 deaths occurred in the cohort under study. The mortality analysis was performed for four groups of causes of death (ICD-9 codes): (1) malignant neoplasms (140-239); (2) cardiovascular diseases (390-459); (3) injuries, poisoning and violent deaths, (800-999); and (4) the remainder (other than the above). The standardized mortality rate for groups 1, 3, and 4 is less than unity and varies from 0.6 to 0.9. For group 2 (death from cardiovascular diseases) the standardized mortality rate conforms with the control within 95% confidence intervals. The control was the mortality rate (males) for the corresponding ages in Russia in general and the internal control, the spontaneous mortality among emergency workers, derived from the equation of the observed and expected number of cases in the followed up cohort. Dose response of mortality was studied. Statistically significant radiation risks were obtained for mortality from malignant neoplasms (515 cases) and cardiovascular diseases (1,728 cases). The values of the excess relative risk per unit dose (ERR Sv(-1)) for malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular diseases are estimated as 2.11 (1.31, 2.92 95% CI) and 0.54 (0.18,0.91 95% CI) (for external control), 2.04 (0.45, 4.31 95% CI) and 0.79 (0.07, 1.64 95% CI) (for internal control), respectively. The risk of death from all noncancer causes is close to zero and not statistically significant
Medical effects of ionizing radiation
Author: F.A. Mettler, A.C. Upton (Eds.).
Reference: 2nd ed. — Philadelphia: Saunders W. B. Company, 1995. — 464 p
Low doses of ionizing radiation and circulatory diseases: a systematic review of the published epidemiological evidence
Author: McGale P., Darby S.C.
Reference: Radiat. Res. — 2005. — Vol. 163, № 3. — P. 247–257.
Keywords: circulatory system, atomic bomb survivors
Abstract: Recent analyses of mortality among atomic bomb survivors have suggested a linear dose–response relationship between ionizing radiation and diseases of the circulatory system for exposures in the range 0–4 Sv. If confirmed, this has substantial implications. We have therefore reviewed the published literature to see if other epidemiological data support this finding. Other studies allowing a comparison of the rates of circulatory disease in individuals drawn from the same population but exposed to ionizing radiation at different levels within the range 0–5 Gy or 0–5 Sv were identified through systematic literature searches. Twenty-six studies were identified. In some, disease rates among those exposed at different levels may have differed for reasons unrelated to radiation exposure, while many had low power to detect effects of the relevant magnitude. Among the remainder, one study found appreciable evidence that exposure to low-dose radiation was associated with circulatory diseases, but five others, all with appreciable power, did not. We conclude that the other epidemiological data do not at present provide clear evidence of a risk of circulatory diseases at doses of ionizing radiation in the range 0–4 Sv, as suggested by the atomic bomb survivors. Further evidence is needed to characterize the possible risk.