The Chernobyl Reactor: Design Features and Reasons for Accident

Title: The Chernobyl Reactor: Design Features and Reasons for Accident

Author: Mikhail V. MALKO

Reference: Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, July 2002

Keywords: reasons, Chernobyl

Abstract: The report describes the main features of the Chernobyl reactor and possible reasons of the accident that happened on 26 April 1986. Analysis of scientific results established after the accident demonstrates that shortcomings in the design, and freak infringements of safety regulations for the construction as well as inadequate documentation for reactor operation were the main reason of the Chernobyl accident. Various scenarios proposed for this accident are also analyzed in the report. It is concluded that a very high probability of the nuclear explosions at the reactor of the Unit 4 of the Chernobyl accident exists. The power of it could be equivalent to 200 tons of the trinitrotoluene(TNT).

ＵＲＬ：http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/KURRI-KR-79.htm

Hard Duty: A Woman’s Experience at Chernobyl

Title: Hard Duty: A Woman’s Experience at Chernobyl

Author: Natalia Manzurova and Cathie Sullivan, translators: Masanori Oba, Hisako Oba, and Kentaro Gotoh

Keywords: Experience, Chernobyl

Abstract: This is almost one year anniversary since we started gathering for anti-nukes causes last year. One of the projects that we had in our minds was to inform people about nuclear issues through translation of the works that are done from accidents prior to Fukushima. We believe that both the effort and the work of translation is a social change. Two community educators from Berkeley and NNA members, Masanori Oba, Hisako Oba, and Kentaro Gotoh translated “Hard Duty”, a record of Chernobyl cleaners after the accident by Natalia Manzurova and Cathie Sullivan into Japanese. We honor the work by two authors and the translation team, and share the link with the introduction by Masanori Oba. This work is free to distribute only with credit of the authors and the translators.

ＵＲＬ：www.zenplanning.com/nuke/HardDuty/HardDuty_JP.pdf

http://nonukesaction.wordpress.com/2012/04/23/hardduty_japanese/

Title:Mitigating Chernobyl’s lingering threat: What messages might motivate Ukraine’s radiation-exposed youth to seek cancer screening tests?タイトル：チェルノブイリの長引く脅威の緩和：

Auther:Kostygina, Ganna Yuryivna, Ph.D.

Reference: Dessertation, University of Southern California, 2007, 140 pages DAI-69/01、2008 July

ISBN: 9780549390817

Keyword(s): Chernobyl, Ukraine, Radiation-exposed, Cancer screening, Health messages

Abstract: How health messages are framed in combination with the nature of the risk (detection or prevention of disease) can impact health behavior change. Furthermore, an individual’s chronic motives and cultural values may also interact with these factors to impact the success of health message interventions. Although cultures, as well as individuals, vary in their chronic motives, rarely is research on message framing conducted outside of the United States. This is important for practical reasons (e.g., effectively responding to health threats in other corners of the globe), as well as theoretical reasons (e.g., generalized understanding of motivational/value dynamics that may moderate responses to messages).

The present dissertation examined the potentially interacting effects of cultural value priorities (i.e., value orientations such as security), personality factors (approach and avoidance motivation), and the framing (i.e., gain and loss) of the message on compliance with thyroid cancer screening messages in Ukraine. The impact of value-affirmation prior to exposure to a persuasive message on the perception of cancer risk, self-efficacy, intention, and screening behavior was also analyzed for a sample of 150 Ukrainians at risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer due to Chernobyl fallout exposure.

Past research in the U.S. suggests that a loss-framed message might be more effective for promoting cancer detection. The pattern of findings found here instead argues that to change health behaviors both individual propensities and the nature of the message framing must be concurrently considered. , those individuals in the gain-framed, but not in the loss-framed condition, showed: (a) enhanced intent to get tested when they had both lower levels of avoidance motivational disposition and higher levels of approach disposition or valued security and (b) higher perceived self-efficacy when they valued high stimulation (an approach or gain value). On the other hand, those individuals in the loss-framed condition (compared to the gained-frame condition) showed more positive change in self-efficacy when they had low stimulation values. Additional findings are discussed. These research findings have applied implications (e.g., for targeting populations for health behaviors globally) and theoretical implications (e.g., how levels of avoid and approach motivation may combine with message framing to impact behavior change).

URL:http://www.dslib.net/diss_en/?q=mitigating-chernobyl-s-lingering-threat-what-messages-might-motivate-ukraine-s

On macular dystrophies in participants of liquidation of consequences of Chernobyl APP accident

Title: On macular dystrophies in participants of liquidation of consequences of Chernobyl APP accident

Author: E.G. Miheeva, N.A. Shalkova, A.S. Simonova

Reference: www.rmj.ru – Независимое издание для практикующих врачей

Keywords:

Abstract: Purpose: To study clinic of macular dystrophies (MD) in participants of liquidation of consequences of Chernobyl APP accident (PLCAPP) , time of onset of the disease, dynamics of visual functions after drug treatment.
Materials and methods: We observed 47 PLCAPP (42 males and 5 females).
Most of them were working on Chernolbyl APP in 1986 (17 patients) and in 1985 (17 patients), the rest – in 1988 (8 patients) and 1989 (5 patients). The duration of staying in radioactive zone was 1–2 months –in 25 people, 3–4 months – in 16 people, 5–6 months – in 6 people. Examination included: visometry, biomicroscopy, perimetry, tonometry and direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy with mydriasis.
Results: Central chorioretinal dystrophy was observed in 4, 8% of patients. MD used to appear in 10, 5 years in average after staying in Chernobyl. Visual acuity was decreasing gradually and averaged 0, 37 by the end of observation (2002–2004). The more doze of radiation was got by patient, the earlier MD appeared and more visual acuity decreased.
Conclusion: It’s supposed that changes in macula could possibly happen under the radiation influence on the whole body. It leads to atherosclerosis, “radiation aging” of immune system, vascular changes and premature aging of CNS.

URL: http://www.rmj.ru/articles_5242.htm

The physical health of newborn infants after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

Title: The physical health of newborn infants after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant

Author: Kolodenko V.P.

Reference: Journal “The health of the child” 7 (34) 2011

Keywords: newborn, weight and body length, a complex of factors resulting from the accident.

Abstract: The article presents the results of the study of individual indicators of physical development of babies before and after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP).
Established evidence of associations between various indicators of physical development of newborns (weight and body length) and the influence of complex factors resulting from the accident. In newborn boys and girls after the accident (1987) established the same changes — namely, reducing weight and body length as compared to those with avariyi. For final confirmation of this fact need similar studies in other time periods after the accident.

URL: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/26296

Principles and methods of of rehabilitation at the resort of liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant with post-radiation syndrome polysystemic pathology

Author: GA Merkulova

Reference: Международный эндокринологический журнал  (International Journal of Endocrinology) 4 (28) 2010

Abstract: The purpose of the study – to develop science-based criteria for health-resort treatment and rehabilitational treatment for liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant with post-radiation syndrome polysystemic condition, using natural and preformed physical factors to enhance adaptational reserves of the organism and stabilization of the functional state of organs and systems, and to increasing the potentials of health.

URL: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/12527

Clinical features of cerebral strokes among liquidators of the Chernobyl accident

Author: TV. MIRONENKO, KV TORBA, NL PITSUL, GP TACHKO et al.

Reference: Международный неврологический журнал  (International Journal of Neurology) 2 (12) 2007

Keywords: liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, ionizing radiation, brain strokes

Abstract: Clinical and neurological examination of 82 of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, along with 30 patients, as control, with cerebral stroke, was conducted, using neurophysiological (Doppler ultrasound of the brain, EEG, REG), neuroimaging (CT and MRI) and biochemical diagnostic methods. On the basis of the results, it was revealed that strokes of the liquidators have their own clinical and paraclinical features in comparison with the control, indicating progressive nature of diffuse brain injury combined with multiple organ pathology, hemodynamic disorders in the macro- and microcirculation, and morpho-structural changes in the liquor system and brain tissues, especially in the periventricular structures of the limbic-reticular complex.

URL: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/1876

The health of children born to parents in families, irradiated by the Chernobyl accident

Title: The health of children born to parents in families, irradiated by the Chernobyl accident

Author: Korebev N.M.,　Borisko　G.A.,　Kashina-Yarmak　V.L.

Reference: Journal “Child health” 6 (41) 2012

doi:

Keywords: children, liquidators of Chernobyl disaster, health status.

Abstract: Objective: to study the latte effects of radiation disaster in Chernobyl for children population. Results and discussion. There were obtained certain data on health state of children from families of fathers — liquidators of Chernobyl disaster, and descendants of parents which were irradiated at early age, as compared to age-matched children without radiation anamnesis. In all children suffered from Chernobyl disaster there was detected higher level of pathologic prevalence. In descendants of subjects, which were exposed to radiation in reproductive age, from the period of senior preschool age to majority in structure of general pathologic prevalence there was increased the part of chronic diseases of digestive and respiratory organs, neuroendocrine obesity, diencephalic syndrome, gynecomastia; there are observed: early signs of heart failure development, reduction of effort tolerance, increase of rate of vegetative dysfunction secondary to increased anxiety, and features of social development of this cohort. Conclusion. There were separated high-risk groups among sufferers, the guidelines regarding preventive medicine measures under the condition of pediatric and therapeutic network were grounded.

URL: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/34736

The level of spontaneous and radiation-induced cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children

Author: Gotlib V.Ya, Serebryanyi A.M., Kudryashova O.V., Pelevina I.I. et al.

Reference: Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология (Radiation Biology. Radioecology) Year of publication: 2001

Keywords: children, lymphocyte, radiation-induced diseases

Abstract: By implementing micronucleus test, we studied the spontaneous level of damaged lymphocytes in groups of children under different conditions of life and different environmental stress and its variation when exposed to radiation in vitro. It is shown that higher the level of spontaneous damaged lymphocytes, higher is the radiosensitivity. The correlation therebetween is studied.

URL: http://www.fesmu.ru/elib/Article.aspx?id=65930

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of diseases of the circulatory system among liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the remote period, and ways to optimize treatment and prevention thereof

Author: Shunkov, Viktor Borisovich.

Reference:Dissert. Candidate. Med. Sci., St. Petersburg, 2006.

Abstract: Our aim is to implement a comprehensive clinical and epidemiological assessment of diseases of the circulatory systems among the Chernobyl liquidators in the remote period after the accident, and to design recommendations for optimizing therapeutic and preventive aid for the patiets.

URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/kliniko-epidemiologicheskaya-kharakteristika-boleznei-sistemy-kroobrashcheniya-u-likvidatoro

http://leb.nlr.ru/edoc/162603/Клинико-эпидемиологическая-характеристика-болезней-системы-кровообращения-у-ликвидаторов-последствий-аварии