カテゴリー「thyroid cancer」
Title: Chernobyl in retrospect
Author: Young, Robert W.
Reference: Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 39 (1-3), p.27-IN4, Jan 1988
doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(88)90036-8
Keywords:
Abstract: …subsequently concentrated in the thyroid, which uses and stores iodine…high levels of 131I can cause thyroid cancer, benign thyroid tumors, and hypothyroidism…Accident Evacuated Pripyat 49,000 Chernobyl 12,000 30-km radius 74…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0163725888900368
Title: The management of cancer in the older adolescent
Author: Albritton, K. / Bleyer, W.A.
Reference: European Journal of Cancer, 39 (18), p.2584-2599, Dec 2003
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.09.013
Keywords: Cancer; Adolescents; Young adults
Abstract: Cancer in adolescents 15–19 years of age occurs at nearly twice the rate observed in 5- to 14-year-olds, but as of yet they have no explicit organisation for research and care, such as that structured for younger paediatric patients. Adolescents with cancer must be recognised as a subgroup of oncology patients with specific characteristics and needs requiring dedicated interest and management. The need is made most evident as outcome data indicates that adolescents are lagging behind in survival gains made in recent decades by both children and adults with cancer. Improvements in the overall survival, quality of care and quality of survival of adolescents with cancer will only occur by surmounting the challenges, discussed in this review, unique to this group of patients.
…health standpoint of cancer control, and by adjustment…Radiation-induced cancer may occur in adolescents…childhood. Rates of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents…Slavic countries since the Chernobyl accident in 1986 [12…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804903008098
Title: From the molecular characterization of iodide transporters to the prevention of radioactive iodide exposure
Author: Dayem, M. / Navarro, V. / Marsault, R. / Darcourt, J. / Lindenthal, S. / Pourcher, T.
Reference: Biochimie, 88 (11), p.1793-1806, Nov 2006
doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.015
Keywords: Iodide; Thyroid; Transport; Wolff-Chaikoff effect; Radiotoxicology
Abstract: …being the accident at Chernobyl on April 26, 1986. It…core at the time of the Chernobyl explosion (see the UNSCEAR…effect related to the Chernobyl accident was an unusual…in the occurrence of thyroid cancers in children from…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0300908406001593
Title: Clastogenic factors in the plasma of children exposed at Chernobyl
Author: Emerit, I / Quastel, M / Goldsmith, J / Merkin, L / Levy, A / Cernjavski, L / Alaoui-Youssefi, A / (…) / Riklis, E
Reference: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 373 (1), p.47-54, Jan 1997
doi: 10.1016/S0027-5107(96)00187-X
Keywords: Chernobyl; Clastogenic factor
Abstract: Clastogenic factors (CFs), as they were described previously in accidentally or therapeutically irradiated persons, in A-bomb survivors and in liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, were also detected in the plasma of Chernobyl-exposed children. A high percentage of plasma ultrafiltrates from 170 children, immigrated to Israel in 1990, exerted clastogenic effects in test cultures set up with blood from healthy donors. The differences were highly significant in comparison to children immigrated from `clean’ cities of the former Soviet Union or children born in Israel. The percentage of CF-positive children and the mean values of the adjusted clastogenic scores (ACS) were higher for those coming from Gomel and Mozyr, which are high exposure sites (IAEA measurements), compared to those coming from Kiev. There was no correlation between residual 137-Caesium body burden and presence of CFs. However, both measurements were not done at the same time (in 1990 and 1992–1994, respectively). Also no relationship could be revealed between enlargement of the thyroid gland and CF-positivity. CFs are not only observed after irradiation, but in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases with autoimmune reactions. They were also described in the congenital breakage syndromes, which are hereditary diseases with the highest cancer incidence in humans. Whether the clastogenic effects continuously produced by circulating CFs represent a risk factor for malignant late effects deserves further study and follow-up. Since CF formation and CF action are mediated by superoxide radicals, prophylactic treatment with antioxidants may be suggested for Chernobyl-exposed children, whose plasma induces a strongly positive CF-test.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002751079600187X
Title: Cancer in children and adolescents in Europe: Developments over 20 years and future challenges
Author: Pritchard-Jones, K. / Kaatsch, P. / Steliarova-Foucher, E. / Stiller, C.A. / Coebergh, J.W.W.
Reference: European Journal of Cancer, 42 (13), p.2183-2190, Sep 2006
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.06.006
Keywords: Cancer; Child; Adolescent ; Europe; Registry; Data quality; Public health
Abstract: This special issue contains 18 articles describing population-based analyses of incidence and survival for cancer among children and adolescents in Europe over the period 1978–1997. The analyses were derived from the large database of the ACCIS project (Automated Childhood Cancer Information System), which was built through collaboration of 62 population-based cancer registries in 19 European countries. Data on 88,465 cancers in children and 15,369 in adolescents (age 15–19 yrs) were included in the various analyses, making this the largest database on cancer in these age-groups in the world. National data were grouped into five European regions to allow comparisons of incidence and survival, for all cancers and by tumour type, including analysis of trends in both over time. This overview paper focuses on the comparability of the data from multiple registries and describes the potential confounding factors. Age-standardised annual incidence rates of many, but not all, cancers in children and adolescents are clearly rising. There are geographical differences in survival for the majority of tumour types. Survival rates increased for nearly all types of cancer in children and adolescents. The implications of these findings for aetiological factors and treatment delivery for cancer in children and adolescents are discussed.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804906004850
Title: 129 I and 36 Cl concentrations in lichens collected in 1990 from three regions around chernobyl
Author: Chant, L.A. / Andrews, H.R. / Cornett, R.J. / Koslowsky, V. / Milton, J.C.D. / Van Den Berg, G.J. / Verburg, T.G. / Wolterbeek, H.Th.
Reference: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 47 (9-10), p.933-937, Sep 1996
doi: 10.1016/S0969-8043(96)00090-5
Keywords:
Abstract: …used to relate thyroid cancer incidence to exposure to Chernobyl contamination…Reply to thyroid cancer after Cbernobyl…chronists of the Chernobyl accident…1992) Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl. Nature 359…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804396000905
Title: What is desirable and feasible in dose reconstruction for application in epidemiological studies?
Author: Bouville, A. / Beebe, G.W. / Anspaugh, L.
Reference: Feb 1996 Conference: International conference of the European Commission, Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine on the consequences of the Chernobyl accident
doi:
Keywords: Epidemiological studies
Abstract: Epidemiological studies of populations are of two general forms, monitoring or formal, and serve several possible purposes. Monitoring studies inform members of potentially affected population groups of the nature and magnitude of the risks that might have been imposed on them. Formal epidemiological studies can increase scientific knowledge about the quantitative risk that attends exposure. Risks of human health due to radiation exposure are most appropriately estimated by means of formal epidemiological studies. Dosimetric data are essential for any epidemiological study, but the detail and accuracy needed depend on the purposes to be served. If the need is for a monitoring study, then general information about doses will suffice. However, a formal study that is expected to contribute to scientific information about quantitative radiation risk requires careful individual dose estimation. This paper is devoted to the discussion of dosimetric data needed for formal epidemiological studies of populations exposed as a result of nuclear power operations. The recommendations made by the National Research Council have largely been followed. The examples used in this paper are relevant to the Chernobyl accident, which caused a large number of people to be exposed at relatively high doses and provided an opportunity for formal epidemiological studies to be initiated. The studies that are singled out are those of thyroid cancer among children who resided in Belarus and in Ukraine at the time of the accident, and those of leukemia among workers involved in the mitigation of the accident and in clean-up operations.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=261093
Title: Chapter 41 – Endocrine Cancer
Author: Kundra, Priya / Burman, Kenneth D.
Reference: The Molecular Basis of Cancer, Jan 2008
ISBN:9781416037033
Keywords:
Abstract: …epithelial follicular thyroid cells, where it is normally…rearrangements, and thyroid cancer is the most common solid…to 11 years after the Chernobyl accident. RET/PTC3…expressing RET/PTC3 in the thyroid display an aggressive…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978141603703310041X
Title: Belarus and Chernobyl:Separating Seeds from Chaff Ioffe.fm
Author: Grigory Ioffe1
Reference: [PDF-360K]Nov 2009
Keywords: Belarus
Abstract: Seventy percent of radionuclides discharged during the Chernobyl disaster were deposited in Belarus. Besides causing radioactive contamination, the tragedy at Chernobyl exposed some of the socio-cultural characteristics, such as mass dependency on strong patronage of the state, that buttress the political institutions of that country. On the basis of a literature review, a specialist on Belarus aims at separating proven health effects of Chernobyl from psychological and socio-political consequences of the disaster.
URL: http://gioffe.asp.radford.edu/images/pubpdfs/chernobyl.pdf
Title: A new approach to reactor safety goals in the framework of INES
Author: Saji, Genn
Reference: Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 80 (2), p.143-161, May 2003
doi: 10.1016/S0951-8320(03)00025-5
Keywords: IODINE ,DISASTER PLANNING,THYROID GLAND,GUIDELINES
Abstract: Intervention levels for emergency response are for national authorities to decide, but the latest information suggests that stable iodine prophylaxis for children up to the age of 18 years be considered at 10 mGy, that is 1/10th of the generic intervention level expressed in the International basic safety standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. For adults over 40, the scientific evidence suggests that stable iodine prophylaxis not be recommended unless doses to the thyroid from inhalation are expected to exceed levels that would threaten thyroid function. This is because the risk of radiation induced thyroid carcinoma in this group is very low while, on the other hand, the risk of side effects increases with age. The latest information on the balance of risks and benefits will also need to be properly considered in the plans for any distribution and storage of stable iodine. It suggests that stockpiling is warranted, when feasible, over much wider areas than normally encompassed by emergency planning zones, and that the opportunity for voluntary purchase be part of national plans.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832003000255
