カテゴリー「thyroid cancer」
Title: Chernobyl: Assessment of Radiological and Health Impacts – 2002 Update of Chernobyl: Ten Years On
Reference: NUCLEAR ENERGY AGENCY ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT [PDF-993K] Jul 2008
Keywords: children
Abstract: Early in the development of the Chernobyl accident, it became obvious that the radioiodines were contributing significant thyroid doses (Il90), especially to children, and the then Soviet authorities made every effort not only to minimise doses, but also to record the thyroid doses as accurately as possible. The results of these measurements and dose reconstruction assessments indicated that some groups in the population received high doses to their thyroids, and that an increase in thyroid abnormalities, including cancer, was a very real possibility in the future. This was particularly true for children in the contaminated regions in Belarus, northern Ukraine and the Bryansk and Kaluga regions of the Russian Federation. These were not inconsequential thyroid doses and, as early as 1986, it was predicted by experts from the Soviet Union that the thyroid would be the target organ most likely to show evidence of radiation effects, especially an increased incidence of benign and malignant tumours.
URL: http://www.energie-fakten.de/pdf/chernobyl-nea-oecd-2005.pdf
Title: Ultrasound examination of thyroid diseases in children and adults living in Tula region of Russia
Author: Parshin, Vladimir S / Yamashita, Shunichi / Tsyb, Anatoly F / Narkhova, Nadegda P / Tarassova, Galina P / Ilyin, Aleksey A
Reference: International Congress Series, 1234, p.231-237, May 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00612-4
Keywords: Thyroid diseases; Ultrasound screening; Carcinoma; Chernobyl
Abstract: A medical team consisting of 36 specialists has examined 36 454 children and adults living in Tula region of Russia, where Cs-137 ground contamination levels are from 3.2 to 5.6 Ci/km2. A procedure of ultrasound thyroid screening was divided to medical and computer parts. The medical part included registration through individual thyroid examination; ultrasound examination of the thyroid of each person; repeated ultrasound examination of individuals with thyroid abnormalities; fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid, if needed, under ultrasound guidance and blood drawing; and physical examination by endocrinologist. The “Chart of ultrasound screening” was elaborated to summarize ultrasound findings and to simplify the documentation. The computer-based information system assured: database maintenance; saving thyroid images in digital format; providing the patients with the results of their examinations; and obtaining health statistics data. In summary, in the group of 5–9 years of age, no thyroid carcinomas were found; in age group of 10–14 years—0.013%; in age group of 15–19 years—0.044%; in age group of 20–29 years—0.091%; in age group of 30–39 years—0.121%; in age group of 40–49 years—0.553%; in age group of 50–59 years—0.349%.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101006124
Title: Cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes of healthy and thyroid tumor-affected children from the Gomel region (Belarus)
Author: Roberto, Barale / Gemignani, Federica / Morizzo, Carmela / Lori, Adriana / Rossi, Annamaria / Antonelli, Alessandro / Di Pretoro, Giancarlo / (…) / Ballardin, Michela,
Reference: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 405 (1), p.89-95, Aug 1998
doi: 10.1016/S0027-5107(98)00118-3
Keywords: Chromosome aberration; Lymphocyte; Child; Thyroid tumor; Ionizing radiation; 137Cs; Chernobyl
Abstract: During 1994, 19 thyroid tumor-affected children and 17 healthy children from the Gomel region, one of the areas most polluted by the Chernobyl fallout, were analysed for (i) the presence of 137Cs in their urine and (ii) chromosome aberrations (CA) in circulating lymphocytes. They were compared with 35 healthy children from Pisa, Italy. Tumor-affected children showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher 137Cs levels in their urine as compared to healthy controls from the Gomel region. No radioactivity was found in urine from the Pisa controls. CA frequency was significantly higher in tumor-affected children compared to the Gomel controls, but was not significantly different between Gomel and Pisa controls. However, dicentric chromosomes were found in a significantly (p < 0.01) greater proportion in both affected and healthy Gomel children (3.4 and cells, respectively) as compared to the Pisa controls ( cells). Multiple regression analysis showed that the proportion of cells with acentric fragments, dicentric and ring chromosomes was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the amount of 137Cs excreted in their urine. These findings suggest that children from the Gomel region were still being exposed to radionuclides, which makes it possible to study a dose-effect relationship.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0027510798001183
Title: Molecular features of mitochondrial DNA in radiation-associated thyroid tumors
Author: Rogounovitch, Tatiana I. / Saenko, Vladimir A. / Shimizu-Yoshida, Yuki / Abrosimov, Aleksandr Yu. / Lushnikov, Eugeny F. / Roumiantsev, Pavel O. / Ohtsuru, Akira / (…) / Yamashita, Shunichi
Reference: International Congress Series, 1258, p.163-168, Nov 2003
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(03)01151-8
Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA; Large-scale deletions; Common deletion; Radiation-associated thyroid tumors
Abstract: DNA samples from tumor and normal thyroid tissues of adult patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and follicular adenoma (FA), who lived in the Chernobyl radioactive zones of Russia and control groups of Japanese patients with PTC, were quantitatively analyzed for the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and prevalence of the common deletion (CD) and large-scale deletions (LSD). In most tumor tissues, level of mtDNA was elevated. CD and LSD were detected in every sample examined. The quantity of LSD in mtDNA was elevated in most tumor tissues, especially in the radiation-associated group of samples. Also in this group, in the tumor tissue of both PTC and FA, there was a highly significant positive correlation between the number of LSD and the level of relative mtDNA content. In contrast, in sporadic PTCs, this correlation did not occur. Normal tissue samples displayed a statistically insignificant tendency to negative association with relative mtDNA content. Thus, determination of the LSD levels and mtDNA content may be useful for the molecular distinction of radiation-associated and spontaneous thyroid tumors.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513103011518
Title: Internally deposited fallout from the Chernobyl reactor accident
Author: Schlenker, R.A.
Reference: Conference: Joint meeting of the American Nuclear Society and the Atomic Industrial Forum, Los Angeles, Jan 1987
Keywords:
Abstract: In our work with about 100 subjects resident in eastern Europe (mostly Poland) at the time of the Chernobyl reactor accident or traveling as tourists, /sup 131/I was readily detectable in the thyroid through mid-June, 1986, and was detectable in some subjects as late as early July, 9 to 10 weeks after the start of the accident. Among 42 subjects who were in eastern Europe on April 26, 1986, and in whom /sup 131/I was detectable, the median activity in the thyroid was 1.4 nCi at the time of measurement. When extrapolated back to April 26 using a single exponential retention function for the thyroid and an 8-day effective half-life, the median activity was 42 nCi. The frequency distribution resembled a lognormal distribution. The extrapolated activities lay between approximately 2 and 1200 nCi. The risk levels derived from these observations of internal radioactivity and my conservative dose projection assumptions are as much as 10 times less than the risk levels published in the lay press during the months following the accident. This underscores the importance of basing risk estimation for internal radioactivity on direct observations. 2 refs., 1 tab.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=5689382
Title: final_chernob_report_2011.pdf Health Effects of Chernobyl 25 years after the reactor catastrophe
Author: Sebastian Pflugbeil, Henrik Paulitz, Angelika Claussen, Inge Schmitz-Feuerhake,
Reference: Health effects of Chernobyl | IPPNW and GFS Report April 2011 [PDF-927K]
Keywords:
Abstract: …43 5. Thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases…45 6.1 The Chernobyl region…include cases of thyroid cancer among liquidators. 14. After Chernobyl, infant mortality…
URL: http://www.nirs.org/reactorwatch/accidents/chernob_report2011webippnw.pdf
Title: Distribution of childhood thyroid dose among cohort members for epidemiological health study in the Bryansk region
Author: Konstantinov, Yuri O. / Bruk, Gennadi Y. / Ershov, Eduard B. / Lebedev, Oleg V.
Reference: International Congress Series, 1234, p.307-319, May 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00620-3
Keywords: Chernobyl; Dosimetry; Iodine-131; Thyroid
Abstract: With the aim of carrying out a long-term medical follow-up with radiation dose reconstruction, a cohort of subjects was selected among inhabitants of the most contaminated area in Russia following the Chernobyl accident (the western districts of Bryansk region). The cohort is comprised of 1065 subjects who were under 10 years old at the time of the accident. Most of them were examined on health status in the Chernobyl Sasakawa Health and Medical Cooperation Project. Since the main findings of studies in the project were thyroid abnormalities, selection of subjects was conducted on the basis of the plausible estimates of radiation dose to the thyroid. To estimate thyroid doses, the data from direct measurements of 131I in the thyroid and questionnaire data on individual dietary habits in May 1986 were used. Reasonable approximations were applied to reconstruct individual doses from available data, including doses for those persons who had not been measured for thyroidal radioiodine. The distribution of internal radiation dose to the thyroid among cohort members was obtained. The individual doses to particular subjects are estimated with inevitably essential degree of uncertainty. However, the distribution of subjects into wide dose intervals, from under 200 mGy to over 2 Gy, seems to be an acceptable approach for cohort study in radiation epidemiology.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101006203
Title: Iodine-129 in thyroid and urine in Ukraine and Denmark
Author: Hou, Xiaolin / Malencheko, A.F. / Kucera, J. / Dahlgaard, H. / Nielsen, S.P.
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, 302 (1-3), p.63-73, Jan 2003
doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00321-2
Keywords: Iodine-129; Thyroid; Urine; Ukraine; Denmark; Chernobyl accident
Abstract: Human thyroids collected from Gomel in Belarus, sheep thyroid from Jutland and human urine from Zealand in Denmark were analysed for 129I and 127I concentrations. The ratios of 129I/127I in human thyroid in Gomel are 2.65–11.0×10−9 with an average of 7.21×10−9, which is one order of magnitude higher than those from Asia and South America (10−10), but significantly lower than those observed in west Europe (10−8). A weak negative correlation (P<0.05) between 129I/127I ratio in human thyroid and the age of the subjects was observed in Gomel. The average ratio of 129I/127I in sheep thyroids from Jutland of Denmark is 1.81×10−7, which is two orders of magnitude higher than those in south hemisphere, and Asia. It is also significantly higher than those observed in other west European countries before 1984 and that in human thyroid in Gomel. The high thyroid 129I level in Jutland is attributed to the release of reprocessing plants in France and UK. The 129I/127I ratios in human urine in Zealand of Denmark are 0.86–2.86×10−8. The possibility of using urine 129I to evaluate the thyroid exposure to 129I is investigated.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969702003212
Title: Risk of Radiation Exposure to Children and Their Mothers
Author: Petrova, A.
Reference: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Jan 2011
ISBN:9780444522726
Keywords: Children; Mothers; Radiation; Risk
Abstract: There is realistic concern about the impact of ionizing and nonionizing radiations on the health of children and their mothers. The magnitude and type of risks that are associated with radiation exposure to children and mothers must be determined to prevent the health consequences of such exposure. The developing organism is more sensitive to radiation and vulnerable to the development of radiation-induced pathology. Prenatal development, characterized by intensive cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell migration, is highly sensitive to radiation exposure. …Human epidemiological studies showed increased stillbirth trend, birth defects, thyroid cancer, and infant leukemia after the Chernobyl Nuclear Power accident in several European countries. …
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444522726002129
Title: Molecular analysis of radiation-induced thyroid carcinomas in humans
Author: Rabes, Hartmut M
Reference: International Congress Series, 1236, p.207-215, Jul 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00750-6
Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Gene rearrangement; RET; NTRK1; Genotype/phenotype correlations
Abstract: Correlations have been found between radiation exposure and thyroid carcinoma development, particularly in children. Recent studies on a large cohort of radiation-induced papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) after the Chernobyl reactor accident disclosed a common type of underlying genetic alteration. A high prevalence of rearrangements of the receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) c-RET was observed, besides some rearrangements involving NTRK1. Radiation-induced RET rearrangements in PTC consist most frequently of fusions to the H4 gene (RET/PTC1) or to the ELE1 (ARA70) gene (RET/PTC3). Both fusions are formed by balanced paracentric inversions on chromosome 10. An analysis of the fused genes in ELE1/RET rearrangements revealed DNA double-strand breaks spread over a distance of about 2.3 kb in two introns and the interposed exon of ELE1, exon 11 and intron 11 of RET, without significant clustering in these parts of the genes. Topoisomerase I sites were found exactly at or in close vicinity to all breakpoints, suggesting a role for this enzyme in formation of DNA strand breaks or inversions. The genes fuse at short regions of sequence homology and short direct or inverted repeats (microhomology-mediated DNA end joining). A minority of PTC cases contain novel types of RET rearrangement, with RIα, GOLGA2, HTIF, HTIF homolog, RFG8, ELKS, KTN1 and PCM-1 as the 5′-fused genes. These novel types of gene fusions are formed by interchromosomal translocation. The formation of these rare types of rearrangement seems to be highly related to radiation as they have rarely been found in sporadic PTC. All RET gene fusions seem to act similarly on RET function: The strict physiological control of RET TK activity is suspended through constitutive activation by 5′-fused parts of genes containing coiled-coil domains with dimerization potential. RET expression in thyrocytes, which under normal conditions, lack RET TK activity apparently triggers clonal expansion and early invasion of the affected cells. RET-fused genes, some of which are transcriptional coactivators, are important determinators of the peculiar phenotype of the tumour and for its clinical course. This is most significant in RET/PTC3 rearrangements with ELE1 as the RET-fused gene: this type of rearrangement leads more often to the phenotype of a solid variant of PTC, and to rapid tumour development and early lymph node metastasis. Up to now, no other genetic aberration has more frequently been observed in PTC than RET rearrangement, thus suggesting that RET rearrangement represents a genetic marker lesion of radiation history in the development of a PTC.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101007506
