カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
Title: Studies of 90Sr presence in milk and commercial dairy products
Author: M. Kruk, J. Solecki
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , November 2011, Volume 290, Issue 2, pp 325-332
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1395-1
Keywords: 90Sr, Milk, Dairy products, Weighted effective doses
Abstract: The aim of this article was to present the studies of radiological level of some commercial dairy products in Mazovian, Kuyavian—Pomeranian and Lublin regions. They were carried out for 27 commercial dairy products such as two specimens of lean cottage cheese, three specimens of cottage cheese containing a limited percentage of fat, three specimens of fat cottage cheese, three specimens of milk containing 3.2% of fat, three specimens of milk containing 2.0% of fat, two specimens of sour cream containing 12% of fat, three specimens of sour cream containing 18% of fat, one specimen of 30% whipping cream, two specimens of homogenized (strawberry and vanilla) cheese, three specimens of hard rennet cheese, one specimen of powdered milk, one specimen of goat milk. For the given commercial dairy products there were calculated effective doses (μSv) obtained after consumption of 1 kg contaminated product for different age groups.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-011-1395-1
Title: Pu and Am sorption to the Baltic Sea bottom sediments
Author: G. Lujanienė, P. Beneš, K. Štamberg, K. Jokšas, I. Kulakauskaitė
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , March 2013, Volume 295, Issue 3, pp 1957-1967
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-2281-1
Keywords: Pu(IV), Pu(V), Bottom sediments, Seawater, Sorption
Abstract: Sorption of Am and Pu isotopes to bottom sediments of the Baltic Sea has been studied under natural and laboratory conditions. Data obtained from sequential extraction, sorption of Am(III), Pu(IV) and Pu(V) as well as oxidation state distribution experiments have shown that Pu(V) sorption mechanism includes a very fast Pu(V) reduction (reaction rate ≤ 2.33 × 10−3 s−1) to Pu(IV) by humic substances and/or by Fe(II) to Pu(IV) and partly to Pu(III). Following reduction Pu isotopes were bound to various components of bottom sediments via ion exchange and surface complexation reactions and a slow incorporation into the crystalline structure of Fe minerals. Kinetics experiments showed that the sorption of Pu(V), Pu(IV) and Am(III) to bottom sediments from natural seawater was controlled by the inert layer diffusion process.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-012-2281-1
Title: 137Cs, 40K, alkali–alkaline earth element and heavy metal concentrations in wild mushrooms from Turkey
Author: Özlem Karadeniz, Günseli Yaprak
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , September 2010, Volume 285, Issue 3, pp 611-619
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0575-8
Keywords: Mushroom, 137Cs, 40K, Internal dose, Alkali–alkaline earth elements, Heavy metals
Abstract: In 2002, an extensive study was performed in forest sites of Izmir. This first study results led on the one hand, to quantify of 137Cs and 40K concentration in mushrooms collected in the Izmir region and to a first evaluation of dose in people due to the ingestion of radionuclide-contaminated mushrooms. The mushroom concentration values varied over a wide range from below detection limit to 401 ± 4 Bq kg−1 (dry wt) for 137Cs. The 40K concentration values obtained for different species of mushrooms ranged from 588 ± 26 Bq kg−1 to 2024 ± 63 Bq kg−1 (dry wt). The annual effective dose values due to mushroom ingestion for 137Cs are lower than the ICRP-2007’s reference level value of 1 mSv for “existing” exposure situation. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to measure many alkali–alkaline earth elements and heavy metals in mushroom samples. The relationships among the concentrations of 137Cs and the stable elements were presented and the occurrence of metals in mushrooms was evaluated.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-010-0575-8
Title: Environmental radioactivity measurements in north–western Greece following the Fukushima nuclear accident
Author: K. Ioannides, K. Stamoulis, C. Papachristodoulou
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , November 2013, Volume 298, Issue 2, pp 1207-1213
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2527-6
Keywords: Fukushima, Radioiodine, Radiocaesium, Dose assessment, Greece
Abstract: The impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident in north–western Greece was assessed through an environmental monitoring programme activated by the Nuclear Physics Laboratory of the University of Ioannina. Measurements of 131I were carried out in atmospheric particulate, ovine milk and grass samples. In daily aerosol samplings, radioiodine was first detected on March 25–26, 2011 and reached maximum levels, up to 294 μBq m−3, between April 2 and April 4, 2011. In ovine milk samples, 131I concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 2.7 Bq L−1 between April 2 and April 6, 2011, while an average activity of 2.7 Bq kg−1 was measured in grass samples on April 4, 2011. The 134,137Cs isotopes were below detection limits in all samples and could only be determined in the air, by analysis of multiple daily filters. A maximum average activity concentration of 137Cs amounting to 24 μBq m−3 was measured during the period from April 5 to April 9, 2011, with the 134Cs/137Cs activity ratio being close to unity. Activity concentrations were consistent with measurements conducted in other parts of the country and were well below those reported in May 1986 after the Chernobyl accident. The committed effective dose to the whole body and to the thyroid gland from inhalation of 131I was estimated for the adult and infant population and was found to be of no concern for the public health.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-013-2527-6
Title: First measurements of 238Pu and 238Pu/137Cs activity ratio in Montenegro soil
Author: Nevenka M. Antovic, Perko Vukotic, Nikola Svrkota, Sergey K. Andrukhovich
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , July 2012, Volume 293, Issue 1, pp 299-302
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-1661-x
Keywords: 238Pu activity, 238Pu/137Cs ratio, Soil, Montenegro
Abstract: Plutonium-238 (238Pu) activity concentrations in soil samples from Montenegro (six samples from three localities) have been measured for the first time. The 238Pu/137Cs activity ratio was determined on the basis of alpha and gamma-spectrometric measurements, and found to be with an average of 0.0006 and standard deviation of 0.0003. By using the activity ratios determined in the present study, 238Pu activity concentrations were estimated for three localities in the central: one in the northern, and two in the eastern part of Montenegro.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-012-1661-x
Title: Study on the rate of plutonium vertical migration in various soil types of Lublin region (Eastern Poland)
Author: Jolanta Orzeł, Andrzej Komosa
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, January 2014, Volume 299, Issue 1, pp 643-649
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2774-6
Keywords: Plutonium isotopes, Alpha spectrometry, Migration rate, Soil profile
Abstract: Soil contamination level with 239+240Pu of Lublin region was determined using the alpha spectrometric method. Results were compared with similar data from the study performed 15 year earlier. Decrease in total 239+240Pu concentration and reducing quantity of Chernobyl fraction (up to almost negligible value of 1 %) has been observed in upper soil layer. Determination of 239+240Pu concentration in soil profile layers allows calculating a vertical migration velocity of plutonium applying a compartment migration model. It was found that 239+240Pu migration rate varies depending on soil type from 0.29 cm year−1 in Podsols to 0.58 cm year−1 in Fluvisols with mean value of 0.5 cm year−1.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-013-2774-6
Title: On peculiarities of vertical distribution of 239,240Pu, 238Pu and 137Cs activity concentrations and their ratios in lake sediments and soils
Author: B. Lukšienė, E. Maceika, N. Tarasiuk, E. Koviazina, V. Filistovič, Š. Buivydas, A. Puzas Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , February 2014
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3026-0
Keywords: 238Pu, 239,240Pu, 137Cs, Origin, Lake sediments, Upland and flooded soils, Vertical profiles
Abstract: Distributions of 239,240Pu, 238Pu and 137Cs activity concentrations in the cores of sediments in the shallow lake, flooded and upland forest soils taken in the vicinity of Vilnius city were analyzed. The radiochemical, α-spectrometric and mass spectrometric methods were used for the plutonium evaluation and γ-spectrometry was used for the radiocesium evaluation. The only peak of enhanced radionuclide activity concentrations was determined for the lake bottom sediments, whereas vertical profiles of the radionuclide activity concentrations in flooded and upland forest soil cores were distinguished by two peaks. The obtained values of the activity concentration ratio 238Pu/239,240Pu and the isotopic ratio 240Pu/239Pu indicated that the global fallout was a source of plutonium in the investigated environment. Chernobyl-derived radiocesium was detected solely in the surface layers (2–11 cm) of the studied sample cores. The contribution of the Chernobyl deposits amounted to about 2.26, 6.11 and 20.9 % of the total radiocesium inventory in the bottom sediments, the upland soil and flooded soil, respectively.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-014-3026-0
Title: Evolution of radiocaesium contamination in mushrooms and influence of treatment after collection
Author: O. Daillant, D. Boilley, M. Josset, B. Hettwig, H. W. Fischer
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry September 2013, Volume 297, Issue 3, pp 437-441
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-2411-9
Keywords: radiocaesium, contamination, mushrooms, preparation
Abstract: In literature quite a lot of data is available on uptake of radioactive caesium in mushrooms. There is less available on the evolution of concentration in fruitbodies after several years and on “outbound” transfer of radiocaesium from fruitbodies to their direct environment, i.e. dilution according to cooking techniques. The recent event at Fukushima has put the question of radionuclides in food, and the following exposure of consumers, high on the agenda. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) in order to investigate the variation in time of caesium uptake by fungi, analyses of the same species having grown on the same spot at different intervals during the last 25 years have been performed and (2) in terms of radiation protection the most important thing is the activity taken in by the consumer and not the contamination of raw products. Preparation can have a great impact on activity concentration. Various species of mushrooms frequently eaten have been sampled in Europe and contaminated areas in Japan. Different preparation techniques that can break the walls of the hyphae (drying, deepfreezing etc.) have been applied as well as different treatments: boiling or macerating in water with salt, in acid and basic media. The pH of different media was adjusted and measured. The samples and the medium were analysed separately in gamma spectrometry.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-012-2411-9
Title: Current radioactivity content of wild edible mushrooms: A candidate for an environmental reference material
Author: Zs. Szántó, M. Hult, U. Wätjen, T. Altzitzoglou
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry July 2007, Volume 273, Issue 1, pp 167-170
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-0730-z
Keywords: wild mushroom, Europe
Abstract: The paper presents the results of radiological investigation of several mushroom samples collected in the fall of 2004 in different parts of Europe. The work was performed in order to support decision making to develop and produce a certified reference material for quality assurance of radionuclide measurements in environmental samples. The levels of 137Cs in mushrooms varied widely ranging from 0.6 to 4300 Bq/kg on dry mass basis, while those of natural 40K were relatively constant. In one sample 60Co of unknown origin was detected (25±2 Bq/kg dry mass), while 90Sr concentrations were usually below the detection limit (<150 mBq/kg dry mass).
URL:http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-007-0730-z
Title: Long-term 137Cs contamination of mushrooms following the Chernobyl fallout
Author: D. Mascanzoni
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry July 2001, Volume 249, Issue 1, pp 245-249
DOI: 10.1023/A:1013263114576
Keywords: 137Cs, contamination, mushrooms, Europe, Sweden
Abstract: In the aftermath of the Chernobyl accident high concentrations of 137 Cs were found in mushrooms in several European countries and in Sweden. Two edible mushrooms species were selected for a long-term investigation in order to evaluate the 137Cs contamination over a long time. Samples of Suillus variegatus and Cantharellus spp. were collected from 1986to 1998 and their 137 Cs contents assessed. The results show that the activity of 137Cs remained more or less constant in Suillus variegatus, while it increased in Cantharellus spp. This reflects the forest ecosystem of the mushrooms, where nutrient-poor substrates, rich in organic substance and with high pH maintain 137Cs available for uptake. A decay-correction of the time distribution shows that radioactive decay appears to be the main factor affecting the content of 137Cs in mushrooms, at least in the medium term.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1013263114576
