カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
Title: Prediction of the 137 Cs activity concentration in the atmospheric surface layer of the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Author: Garger, E.K. / Kuzmenko, Yu.I. / Sickinger, S. / Tschiersch, J.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 110, p.53-58, Aug 2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.01.017
Keywords: Atmospheric radioactivity; 137Cs; Model development; Prognosis; Validation
Abstract: ► A forecasting model of the atmospheric radioactivity was developed. ► The model was applied successfully in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. ► Initial measurements of the airborne 137Cs activity density over 4.5 y were used. ► Predictions were compared with measurements of a later period with good agreement.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X12000288
Title: Strontium-90 and caesium-137 activity concentrations in bats in the Chernobyl exclusion zone.
Author: Gashchak, Sergey / Beresford, Nicholas Anthony / Maksimenko, Andrey / Vlaschenko, Anton S
Reference: Radiation and environmental biophysics, 49 (4), p.635-644, Nov 2010
DOI: 10.1007/s00411-010-0322-0
Keywords:
Abstract: Bats are a protected species and as such may be an object of protection in radiological assessments of the environment. However, there have previously been only few radioecological studies of species of bats. In this paper, results for >140 measurements of (90)Sr and (137)Cs in 10 species of bats collected within the Chernobyl zone are presented. There was some indication of a decreasing transfer of (90)Sr with increasing deposition, although this was inconsistent across species and explained little of the observed variability. There was no difference between male and female bats in the transfer (expressed as the ratio of whole-body activity concentrations to those in soil) of either radionuclide. There was considerable variability in transfer across all species groups. At two sites where there were sufficient data, Eptesicus serotinus was found to have higher transfer than other species.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20714905?dopt=Abstract
Title: Short and medium effects on the environment of Valencia, Spain, of the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident.
Author: Moreno, A / Navarro, E / Senent, F / Baeza, A / Miró, C / del Río, M
Reference: Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 46 (1), p.14-21, Jan 1991
Keywords:
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2001484?dopt=Abstract
Title: Differences in effects of radiation on abundance of animals in Fukushima and Chernobyl
Author: Møller, Anders Pape / Nishiumi, Isao / Suzuki, Hiroyoshi / Ueda, Keisuke / Mousseau, Timothy A.
Reference: Ecological Indicators, 24, p.75-81, Jan 2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.06.001
Keywords: Animals; Bio-indicators; Mutation accumulation; Radiation; Radiotoxicity
Abstract: ► We censused animals at 1198 sites in Chernobyl and Fukushima varying in level of radiation. ► Abundance of more animals declined with radiation in Chernobyl than in Fukushima. ► The effect of radiation on abundance differed between Chernobyl and Fukushima. ► Effects of radiation on birds and bumblebees did not differ between areas.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X12002324
Title: [Comparative analysis of the radionuclide composition in fallout after the Chernobyl and the Fukushima accidents].
Author: Kotenko, K V / Shinkarev, S M / Abramov, Iu V / Granovskaia, E O / Iatsenko, V N / Gavrilin, Iu I / Margulis, U Ia / (…) / Khoshi, M
Reference: Meditsina truda i promyshlennaia ekologiia, (10), p.1-5, Jan 2012
Keywords:
Abstract: The nuclear accident occurred at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) (March 11, 2011) similarly to the accident at the Chernobyl NPP (April 26, 1986) is related to the level 7 of the INES. It is of interest to make an analysis of the radionuclide composition of the fallout following the both accidents. The results of the spectrometric measurements were used in that comparative analysis. Two areas following the Chernobyl accident were considered: (1) the near zone of the fallout – the Belarusian part of the central spot extended up to 60 km around the Chernobyl NPS and (2) the far zone of the fallout–the “Gomel-Mogilev” spot centered 200 km to the north-northeast of the damaged reactor. In the case of Fukushima accident the near zone up to about 60 km considered. The comparative analysis has been done with respect to refractory radionuclides (95Zr, 95Nb, 141Ce, 144Ce), as well as to the intermediate and volatile radionuclides 103Ru, 106Ru, 131I, 134Cs, 137Cs, 140La, 140Ba and the results of such a comparison have been discussed.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23210176?dopt=Abstract
Title: [Surface-active substances in the environment of the 30-kilometer area around the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station (the ecological aspects)].
Author: Serdiuk, A M / Mudryĭ, I V / Raetskaia, E V / Golenkova, L G
Reference: Likars’ka sprava / Ministerstvo okhorony zdorov’ia Ukraïny, (10-12), p.24-27, Oct 1993
Keywords:
Abstract: Results of determination of surface-active substances (SAS) in the soil and water from 30-km Chernobyl zone are presented. The data evidence degrees of soil pollution with anionic SAS which may influence migration and translocations of radionuclides, salts of heavy metals and other compounds. There were found bottom deposits of anionic detergents in the river of Prypyat as well as pollution of well water in a number of villages.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8030299?dopt=Abstract
Title: Assessing effects of radiation on abundance of mammals and predator–prey interactions in Chernobyl using tracks in the snow
Author: Møller, Anders Pape / Mousseau, Timothy A.
Reference: Ecological Indicators, 26, p.112-116, Mar 2013
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.10.025
Keywords: Interspecific interactions; Numerical response; Snow tracks
Abstract: To test whether radioactive contamination reduced the abundance of mammals, and whether species differed in susceptibility to radiation, we censused mammals by counting tracks in the snow along 161 100-m line transects around Chernobyl during February 2009. The abundance of mammal tracks was negatively related to level of background radiation, independent of the statistical model, with effects of radiation accounting for a third of the variance. The effect of radiation differed significantly among species. There was a positive relationship between abundance of predators and abundance of prey, modified by the level of background radiation because the number of predators increased disproportionately with the number of prey at high levels of radiation. These findings suggest that predatory mammals aggregate in areas with abundant prey, especially when prey are exposed to high levels of radiation. This study emphasizes the negative effects of level of background radiation on the abundance of mammals and predator–prey interactions.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X12003767
Title: Distribution of radionuclides in the environment in northern Italy after the Chernobyl accident.
Author: Berzero, A / Borroni, P A / Oddone, M / Crespi, V C / Genova, N / Meloni, S
Reference: The Analyst, 117 (3), p.533-537, Mar 1992
Keywords:
Abstract: Soon after the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the air-pumping stations in Pavia (northern Italy) were alerted. In a few days, a rapid increase in radionuclide concentration in air particulates was observed. Consequently, an environmental radioactivity monitoring programme was started in which several matrices such as soil, grass, vegetables and cows’ milk were subjected to direct gamma-ray spectrometry. The radioactivity distribution and its variation with time is presented, discussed and compared with other available data. Detection limits, precision and accuracy are also reported, and depth profiles in soils for 137Cs are presented and correlated with soil quality parameters. A survey of environmental radioactivity in soil, in a search for residual Chernobyl fallout, was carried out and a map of the 137Cs distribution over a large area in northern Italy is presented and discussed.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1580396?dopt=Abstract
Title: Soybeans grown in the Chernobyl area produce fertile seeds that have increased heavy metal resistance and modified carbon metabolism.
Author: Klubicová, Katarína / Danchenko, Maksym / Skultety, Ludovit / Berezhna, Valentyna V / Uvackova, Lubica / Rashydov, Namik M / Hajduch, Martin
Reference: PloS one, 7 (10), p.e48169, Jan 2012
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048169
Keywords:
Abstract: Plants grow and reproduce in the radioactive Chernobyl area, however there has been no comprehensive characterization of these activities. Herein we report that life in this radioactive environment has led to alteration of the developing soybean seed proteome in a specific way that resulted in the production of fertile seeds with low levels of oil and β-conglycinin seed storage proteins. Soybean seeds were harvested at four, five, and six weeks after flowering, and at maturity from plants grown in either non-radioactive or radioactive plots in the Chernobyl area. The abundance of 211 proteins was determined. The results confirmed previous data indicating that alterations in the proteome include adaptation to heavy metal stress and mobilization of seed storage proteins. The results also suggest that there have been adjustments to carbon metabolism in the cytoplasm and plastids, increased activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and decreased condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein during fatty acid biosynthesis.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23110204?dopt=Abstract
Title: VERTICAL MIGRATION OF RADIONUCLIDES IN THE VICINITY OF THE CHERNOBYL CONFINEMENT SHELTER
Author: Farfan, E. / Jannik, T. / Marra, J.
Reference: HEALTH PHYSICS JOURNAL, Oct 2011
Keywords: Chernobyl; radionuclide transport; fallout, migration
Abstract: Studies on vertical migration of Chernobyl-origin radionuclides in the 5-km zone of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) in the area of the Red Forest experimental site were completed. Measurements were made by gamma spectrometric methods using high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors with beryllium windows. Alpha-emitting isotopes of plutonium were determined by the measurement of the x-rays from their uranium progeny. The presence of {sup 60}Co, {sup 134,137}Cs, {sup 154,155}Eu, and {sup 241}Am in all soil layers down to a depth of 30 cm was observed. The presence of {sup 137}Cs and {sup 241}Am were noted in the area containing automorphous soils to a depth of 60 cm. In addition, the upper soil layers at the test site were found to contain {sup 243}Am and {sup 243}Cm. Over the past ten years, the {sup 241}Am/{sup 137}Cs ratio in soil at the experimental site has increased by a factor of 3.4, nearly twice as much as would be predicted based solely on radioactive decay. This may be due to ‘fresh’ fallout emanating from the ChNPP Confinement Shelter.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=1024190
