カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
- Title: Cesium isotope-activity in the Weser ecosystem three years after the disaster at Chernobyl
Author: Rieger, E. -M. / Claus, B. / Schirmer, M. / Schmitz-Feuerhake, I.
Reference: Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology, 27 (2-4), p.197-203, Jun 1993
doi: 10.1007/BF02334783
Keywords: Cs-137 and Cs-134, Chernobyl, Weser estuary
Abstract: In 1989, three years after the disaster at Chernobyl, the Cesium (Cs-137 and Cs-134) activity of water, sediments, suspended solids, algae, and crustaceans were studied in five sections of the Weser estuary covering the nontidal and tidal freshwater region down to the brackish area. The total water activities in the freshwater regions are similar, but there are differences in the Cs distribution between the dissolved and the particulate phase depending on the concentration of suspended solids and abiotic water parameters.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02334783
- Title: A comparison of 90Sr and 137Cs uptake in plants via three pathways at two Chernobyl-contaminated sites.
Author: Malek, M A / Hinton, T G / Webb, S B
Reference: Journal of environmental radioactivity, 58 (2-3), p.129-141, Jan 2002
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00062-5
Keywords: Foliar absorption; Resuspension; Soil loading; 137Cs; 90Sr; Root uptake; Risk
Abstract: Foliar absorption of resuspended 90Sr, root uptake and contamination adhering to leaf surfaces (i.e. soil loading) were compared at two Chernobyl-contaminated sites, Chistogalovka and Polesskoye. Although foliar absorption of resuspended 90Sr was quantifiable, its contribution amounted to less than 10% of the plants’ total, above-ground contamination.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X01000625
- Title: Chernobyl fallout in a Swedish spruce forest ecosystem
Author: McGee, E.J. / Synnott, H.J. / Johanson, K.J. / Fawaris, B.H. / Nielsen, S.P. / Horrill, A.D. / Kennedy, V.H. / (…) / McGarry, A.T.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 48 (1), p.59-78, Mar 2000
doi: 10.1016/S0265-931X(99)00057-0
Keywords: Chernobyl; Forest; Radiocaesium
Abstract: An assessment of the distribution of Chernobyl fallout in a Swedish forest was carried out and showed more than 95% of the in the system to be of Chernobyl origin. The data show that approximately 87% of total fallout is found in soils, 6% in the bryophyte layer and 7% in standing biomass of trees. The mean deposition of in the system (including soils, bryophytes, understorey vegetation, fungi, trees, moose and roe deer) was 54 kBq m−2. Fungi, understorey vegetation and ruminant populations collectively contained approximately 1% of total radiocaesium in the system.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X99000570
- Title: A long-term field study on the effect of acid irrigation and compensatory liming on the transport of Chernobyl-derived radiocesium in a forest soil
Author: Schimmack, W. / Bunzl, K. / Kreutzer, K.
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, 198 (3), p.271-285, May 1997
doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(97)05454-5
Keywords: Radiocesium; Chernobyl; Forest soil; Migration; Acid rain; Liming
Abstract: The effect of acid irrigation with and without liming on the vertical transport of Chernobyl-derived 134Cs in the soil was investigated in a Norway spruce stand by field experiments. For this purpose seven plots with different treatments were established. After 5 years of observation to detect differences in the residence half-time’s of 134Cs in the various soil horizons with respect to the control sites, the plots were sampled at 18 individual pits. No effect on the residence half-time of 134Cs was observed for ‘normal’ irrigation (pH 5.3) as compared to the control in all organic horizons.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969797054545
- Title: Ecological half-life of 137Cs in lichens in an alpine region.
Author: Machart, Peter / Hofmann, Werner / Türk, Roman / Steger, Ferdinand
Reference: Journal of environmental radioactivity, 97 (1), p.70-75, Jan 2007
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.05.003
Keywords: Ecological half-life; 137Cs; Activity concentrations; Lichens
Abstract: About 17 years after the Chernobyl accident, lichen samples were collected in an alpine region in Austria (Bad Gastein), which was heavily contaminated by the Chernobyl fallout. Measured 137Cs activity concentrations in selected lichens (Cetraria islandica, Cetraria cucullata, and Cladonia arbuscula) ranged from 100 to 1100 Bq kg(-1) dry weight, depending on lichen species and sampling site.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X07001208
- Title: Biological pathways of radionuclides originating from the Chernobyl fallout in a boreal forest ecosystem.
Author: O Guillitte, J Melin, L Wallberg
Reference: The Science of the total environment, 157 (1-3), p.207-215, Dec 1994
doi: 10.1016/S1569-4860(03)80069-4
Keywords:
Abstract: In an attempt to understand the mechanisms governing the transfer and retention of radiocaesium in the understorey vegetation, 39 macromycetes species and 33 plant species, together with humus samples, were systematically collected from the undercover vegetation in a boreal coniferous forest. The results indicate that the main factors determining interspecific differences in contamination level are the rooting depth in plants, the depth of mycelium in fungi, and the ecophysiological behaviour of fungi, mycotrophism or plant parasitism.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7839113?dopt=Abstract
- Title: Chapter 13 The Chernobyl accident and aquatic biota
Author: Kryshev, Ivan I. / Sazykina, Tatiana G. / Kryshev, Alexander
Reference: Radioactivity in the Environment, 4, p.391-416, Jan 2003
doi: 10.1016/S1569-4860(03)80069-4
Keywords:
Abstract: This chapter emphasizes the modeling of radioecological consequences of the Chernobyl accident for aquatic biota in the cooling pond of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The Chernobyl cooling pond scenario provides modelers with an opportunity to test their models using the unique data set on the consequences of heavy accidental contamination for natural freshwater ecosystems.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569486003800694
- Title: Iodine-129 in soils from Northern Ukraine and the retrospective dosimetry of the iodine-131 exposure after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Michel, R. / Handl, J. / Ernst, T. / Botsch, W. / Szidat, S. / Schmidt, A. / Jakob, D. / (…) / López-Gutiérrez, J.M.
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, 340 (1-3), p.35-55, Mar 2005
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.08.006
Keywords: Iodine-129; Iodine-131; Accelerator mass spectrometry; Radiochemical neutron activation analysis; Retrospective dosimetry; Radionuclide migration
Abstract: Forty-eight soil profiles down to a depth of 40 cm were taken in Russia and Ukraine in 1995 and 1997, respectively, in order to investigate the feasibility of retrospective dosimetry of the 131I exposure after the Chernobyl accident via the long-lived 129I. The sampling sites covered areas almost not affected by fallout from the Chernobyl accident such as Moscow/Russia and the Zhitomir district in Ukraine as well as the highly contaminated Korosten and Narodici districts in Ukraine.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896970400590X
- Title: The history of the Chernobyl 137Cs contamination of the flood plain soils and its relation to physical and chemical properties of the soil horizons (a case study)
Author: Korobova, E. / Linnik, V. / Chizhikova, N.
Reference: Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 96 (2-3), p.236-255, Feb 2008
doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2007.04.014
Keywords: 137Cs; Alluvial soils; Chernobyl contamination of the flood plain; Granulometry; Clay mineralogy; Adsorption
Abstract: A study of the 137Cs distribution and mobility in alluvial soil profiles was performed in the basin of the Iput river (Bryansk region) to reveal peculiarities of the flood plain contamination after the accident at the Chernobyl NPP. Four study plots have been located on the medium and low-level riverside flood plain of the rivers Iput and its right tributary Buldynka.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037567420700057X
- Title: Variation in transfer factor of radiocaesium in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in clear cut and mature forest sites after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Palo, Thomas R.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 92 (2), p.112-121, Jan 2007
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.10.002
Keywords: Bank vole; Chernobyl fallout; Sweden; Forest habitat
Abstract: Bank voles that were collected between 1986 and 2004 at sites in Chernobyl fallout areas of northern Sweden showed higher 137Cs activity concentrations at the mature forest sites compared to clear cuts. This difference was not attributed to differences in ground deposition between sites but to differences in aggregated transfer rates to voles. Differences in transfer between forest types were evident for all years 1986–2004 but the change occurred at different rates in the two habitats.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X0600186X
