カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
- Title: An extended critical review of twenty years of countermeasures used in agriculture after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Fesenko, Sergey V. / Alexakhin, Rudolf M. / Balonov, Mikhail I. / Bogdevich, Iossif M. / Howard, Brenda J. / Kashparov, Valery A. / Sanzharova, Natalia I. / (…) / Zhuchenka, Yury
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, 383 (1-3). 1-24
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.05.011
Keywords: Chernobyl NPP, Agriculture, Consequences, Countermeasures, radioecology
Abstract: A wide range of different countermeasures has been used to mitigate the consequences of the Chernobyl accident for agriculture in affected regions in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. The paper comprehensively brings together key data on countermeasure application over twenty years for all three countries and critically evaluates the response to the accident with respect to agriculture. The extents of countermeasures implementation in various periods following the ChNPP accident are documented.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969707005505
- Title: Modeling and interpreting element ratios in water and sediments: A sensitivity analysis of post-Chernobyl Ru : Cs ratios
Author: J. Hilton and E. Rigg, W. Davison, J. Hamilton- Taylor, and M. Kelly, F. R. Livens, D. L. Singleton
Reference: Limnol. Oceanogr., 40(7), 1995, 1302-1309
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: When elements are simultaneously added to lakes, experimentally or by accident, their ratios in the water phase and in bottom sediments can change with time due to differential partitioning between solution and suspended particles or sediments. A number of equations are developed to show the change of ratio with time in water and sediments assuming simultaneous pulse inputs followed by a range of combinations of loss processes from solution
URL: http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/22278/1/1302.pdf
- Title: Twenty years’ application of agricultural countermeasures following the Chernobyl accident: lessons learned
Author: S V Fesenko / R M Alexakhin / M I Balonov / I M Bogdevich / B J Howard / V A Kashparov / N I Sanzharova / (…) / Yu M Zhuchenka
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 26 (4), p.351-359, Dec 2006
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/26/4/R01
Keywords:
Abstract: The accident at the Chernobyl NPP (nuclear power plant) was the most serious ever to have occurred in the history of nuclear energy. The consumption of contaminated foodstuffs in affected areas was a significant source of irradiation for the population. A wide range of different countermeasures have been used to reduce exposure of people and to mitigate the consequences of the Chernobyl accident for agriculture in affected regions in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. This paper for the first time summarises key data on countermeasure application over twenty years for all three countries and describes key lessons learnt from this experience.
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/26/4/R01/
- Title: Impact of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantings on long term 137Cs and 90Sr recycling from a waste burial site in the Chernobyl Red Forest
Author: Thiry, Yves / Colle, Claude / Yoschenko, Vasyl / Levchuk, Svjatoslav / Van Hees, May / Hurtevent, Pierre / Kashparov, Valery
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 100 (12), p.1062-1068, Dec 2009
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.05.003
Keywords: Radiocaesium; Radiostrontium; Forest; Biological cycle; Waste; Remediation; Afforestation
Abstract: Plantings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on a waste burial site in the Chernobyl Red Forest was shown to greatly influence the long term redistribution of radioactivity contained in sub-surfaces trenches. After 15 years of growth, aboveground biomass of the average tree growing on waste trench no.22 had accumulated 1.7 times more 137Cs than that of trees growing off the trench, and 5.4 times more 90Sr.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X0900109X
- Title: Distributions of 137Cs and 210Pb in moss collected from Belarus and Slovakia
Author: Aleksiayenak, Yu.V. / Frontasyeva, M.V. / Florek, M. / Sykora, I. / Holy, K. / Masarik, J. / Brestakova, L. / (…) / Ramatlhape, K.I.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 117, p.19-24, Mar 2013
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.01.018
Keywords: 137Cs and 210Pb in moss; 137Cs in surface air; Chernobyl fallout; Gamma spectroscopy
Abstract: ► Belarus moss was used as a biological indicator of 137Cs and 210Pb. ► Comparison with concentration of 137Cs and 210Pb in moss from Slovakia. ► Moss samples reflect the original distribution of Chernobyl fallout in Belarus. ► Regular decrease of the annual average activity of 137Cs in surface air in Slovakia. ► Median concentration of 210Pb in moss from Belarus is 2.3 times lower than in Slovakia.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X1200029X
- Title: Antioxidants in eggs of great tits Parus major from Chernobyl and hatching success
Author: Møller, Anders Pape / Karadas, Filis / Mousseau, Timothy A.
Reference: Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 178 (6), p.735-743, Aug 2008
doi: 10.1007/s00360-008-0262-z
Keywords: Antioxidants · Clutch size · Dose rate ·Hatching success · Laying date
Abstract: Antioxidants are powerful protectors against the damaging eVects of free radicals that constitute the inevitable by-products of aerobic metabolism. Growing embryos are particularly susceptible to the damaging eVects of free radicals produced during rapid growth, and mothers of many species provide protection against such damage by allocating antioxidants to their eggs.
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18392836
- Title: Long-Term Observation of Radioactivity Contamination in Fish around Chernobyl
Author: Igor N. RYABOV
Reference: A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Aug 2002
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: Dynamics of 137Cs accumulation by marketable fishes in different kinds of water bodies (cooling pond, water reservoir, lake) polluted by radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident has been studied. The highest concentration of 137Cs, reaching 500 kBq/kg w.w. (wet weight) was registered in fish inhabiting the cooling pond of ChNPP in 1986. During the last 15 years the level of radionuclides in fishes of all water bodies came down, but rates of lowering are different.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/kr79pdf/Ryabov.pdf
- Title: Application of Chernobyl caesium-137 fallout and naturally occurring lead-210 for standardization of time in moss samples: recent pollen–flora relationships in the Allgäuer Alpen, Germany
Author: Mulder, Christian / Janssen, C.Roel
Reference: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 103 (1-2), p.23-40, Sep 1998
doi: 10.1016/S0034-6667(98)00023-2
Keywords: Algovian montane palynoflora; Bavarian vegetation units; canopy influence and representation degree; moss minimum age trial; pollen dispersal; radiocaesium content
Abstract: Moss cushions were sampled in the Allgäuer Alpen (Bavaria, Germany) during 1995 to compare the pollen assemblages from each site with the vegetational survey of 100 m2 plots and the floristic records of bryophytes and vascular plants in a km2 around the sites. The ensuing ratio between the two parameters is a raw measure of the degree of pollen representation and contributes together with the make-up of palynomorphs to the study of plant communities in the past and to environmental impact assessments. Some pollen types indicate environmental disturbance due to acid rain and anthropogenic effects, and may be integrated into the landscape-ecology approach.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034666798000232
- Title: DNA damage in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) from the Chernobyl region detected by use of the comet assay
Author: Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea / Voris, Andrew / Mousseau, Timothy A. / Møller, Anders Pape / Saino, Nicola / Wyatt, Michael D.
Reference: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 151 (3), p.271-277, Apr 2010
doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2009.11.006
Keywords: Barn swallow; Chernobyl; Comet assay; Genetic damage; Hirundo rustica
Abstract: We investigated levels of DNA damage in blood cells of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) inhabiting the Chernobyl region to evaluate whether chronic exposure to low-level radioactive contamination continues to induce genetic damage in free-living populations of animals. Blood samples were obtained from barn swallows collected at sites with different background levels of radiation, including a relatively uncontaminated area.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532045609002439
- Title: Increased oxidative stress in barn swallows from the Chernobyl region
Author: Bonisoli-Alquati, Andrea / Mousseau, Timothy A. / Møller, Anders Pape / Caprioli, Manuela / Saino, Nicola
Reference: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 155 (2), p.205-210, Feb 2010
doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.10.041
Keywords: Antioxidant capacity; Barn swallow; Chernobyl; Oxidative stress; Radioactive contamination; Reactive oxygen species
Abstract: The Chernobyl nuclear accident produced the largest unintended release of radionuclides in history, with dramatic consequences for humans and other organisms. Exposure to ionizing radiation is known to reduce circulating and stored levels of specific antioxidants in birds and humans, thus potentially increasing oxidative stress.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1095643309011441
