Author: Loganovsky K., Antypchuk K., Kreinis G. et al.
Reference: 8th International LOWRAD Conference «The Effects of Low Doses and Very Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation on Human Health and Biotopes», 28–30 September 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. — P. 99.
URL: http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/postradiation-cognitive-disorders-it6c4vl7R7/1
Author: Loganovsky K.
Reference: Int. J. Low Radiation. — 2007. — Vol. 4, № 3. — P. 176-183.
Keywords: suicide
Abstract: The suicide rates in southern India are very high (Joseph et al., 2003; Aaron et al., 2004), where there are areas of high natural radiation background (UNSCEAR, 2000). It was a stable tendency towards excess of suicides among the atomic bomb survivors exposed to low doses (0 90 mGy) (Kusumi et al., 1993). It was informed about the direct dependence between the suicide rate and the residency distance from the Atomic Test Site (Alimkhanov, 1995). Suicides are the leading cause of death among Estonian clean-up workers (Rahu et al., 1997; 2006). The workers conducting transformation of the destroyed 4th Unit of the Chernobyl NPP (‘Shelter Object’) to the ecologically safe system may be also under increased suicide risk. Whether exposure to low doses of ionising radiation is a risk factor for suicides should be elucidated by the epidemiological studies.
Author: Loganovsky K.
Reference: Data Science Journal. — 2009. — Vol. 8. — BR13–BR35
Keywords: Ionizing radiation, Low doses, Chernobyl accident, Brain, Radiosensitivity, Radiocerebral effects, exposure in utero
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the current evidence on radiocerebral effects following exposure to 20 mSv on the fetus and >300 mSv on the thyroid in utero; at 16–25 weeks, abnormalities were >10 mSv and >200 mSv, respectively. In adults, radiationassociated cerebrovascular effects were obtained at >0.15-0.25 Sv. Dose-related neuropsychiatric, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging abnormalities following exposure to >0.3 Sv and neurophysiological and neuroimaging radiation markers at doses >1 Sv were revealed. Studies on radiation neuropsychiatric effects should be undertaken.
URL: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/dsj/8/0/8_BR-04/_pdf
Author: Loganovsky K, Havenaar JM, Tintle NL, Guey LT, Kotov R, Bromet EJ.
Reference: Psychol Med. 2008, 38 (4): 481–488.
Keywords: mental health, liquidators, PTSD, suicide, depression
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The psychological aftermath of the Chernobyl accident is regarded as the largest public health problem unleashed by the accident to date. Yet the mental health of the clean-up workers, who faced the greatest radiation exposure and threat to life, has not been systematically evaluated. This study describes the long-term psychological effects of Chernobyl in a sample of clean-up workers in Ukraine.
METHOD: The cohorts were 295 male clean-up workers sent to Chernobyl between 1986 and 1990 interviewed 18 years after the accident (71% participation rate) and 397 geographically matched controls interviewed as part of the Ukraine World Mental Health (WMS) Survey 16 years after the accident. The World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was administered. We examined group differences in common psychiatric disorders, suicide ideation and severe headaches, differential effects of disorder on days lost from work, and in the clean-up workers, the relationship of exposure severity to disorder and current trauma and somatic symptoms. Analyses were adjusted for age in 1986 and mental health prior to the accident.
RESULTS: Relatively more clean-up workers than controls experienced depression (18.0% v. 13.1%) and suicide ideation (9.2% v. 4.1%) after the accident. In the year preceding interview, the rates of depression (14.9% v. 7.1%), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (4.1% v. 1.0%) and headaches (69.2% v. 12.4%) were elevated. Affected workers lost more work days than affected controls. Exposure level was associated with current somatic and PTSD symptom severity.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term mental health consequences of Chernobyl were observed in clean-up workers.
Author: Loganovskaja T.K., Loganovsky K.N.
Reference: Int. J. Psychophysiol. — 1999. — Vol. 34, № 3. — P. 213–224
Keywords: EEG, clinical neuropsychiatric examination, IQ test
Abstract: Computerised EEG, a clinical neuropsychiatric examination, and IQ tests were examined in 50 randomly selected prenatally irradiated 9-10-year-old children and compared with 50 randomly selected non-exposed control children of the same age. In the prenatally irradiated children a disorganised EEG-pattern with slow and paroxysmal activity (acute and high-voltage delta-waves, sometimes: spike-waves) in the left fronto-temporal region was disclosed. There was also a significant predominance of delta- and beta (dominant frequency: 20 Hz)-power in the frontal lobe, particularly, in the left fronto-temporal region, together with depressed spectral theta-power. The more disorganised EEG-patterns were observed in those children exposed at 8-15 weeks of prenatal development, while left-hemisphere abnormalities were more typical for those exposed later at 16-25 weeks of gestation. There was also a significant increase of borderline and low range (70-90) IQ scores and a significant decrease of high verbal (> 110) IQ scores. Disorders of psychological development, particularly specific developmental disorders of speech, language, and scholastic skills were more common and correlated with left-sided slow- and fast-wave activity. Behavioural and emotional disorders (social estrangement, exhaustion, emotional lability, tearfulness, apathy) were also more common and associated with a L > R imbalance in arousal. We hypothesise that the cerebral basis of mental disorders in the prenatally irradiated children is the malfunction of the left hemisphere limbic-reticular structures, particularly in those exposed at the most critical period of cerebrogenesis (16-25 weeks of gestation). We propose that the left hemisphere is more vulnerable to prenatal irradiation than the right.
Author: Y. Imamura, Y. Nakane, Y. Ohta, H. Kondo
Reference: Acta Psychiatr. Scand. — 1999. — Vol. 100, № 5. — P. 344–349.
Keywords: schizophrenia, risk factor
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between prenatal exposure to atomic bomb (A-bomb) radiation and the development of schizophrenia in adulthood.
METHOD: We investigated the lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia among people prenatally exposed to the 1945 Nagasaki A-bomb, using the schizophrenia register and the A-bomb survivors’ database.
RESULTS: Among 1867 prenatally exposed individuals, 18 subjects (0.96%) had developed schizophrenia later in life. The prevalence was significantly higher in people exposed in the second trimester of pregnancy than in those exposed in the third trimester. The closer they had been to the hypocentre, the higher was the prevalence, but no statistically significant linear relationship was seen.
CONCLUSION: This investigation could not clarify the nature of exposure to A-bomb radiation as a risk factor for schizophrenia in the prenatal period.
Author: Kolominsky Y., Igumnov S., Drozdovitch V J.
Reference: Child Psychol. Psychiatry. — 1999. — Vol. 40, № 2. — P. 299–305
Keywords: physiology, psychiatry, speech-language disorder, IQ
Abstract: This study examined psychological development in 138 children at the age of 6-7 and 10-11 years, who had suffered prenatal radiation exposure at the time of the Chernobyl accident in 1986. These children were compared to a control group of 122 children of the same age from noncontaminated areas of Belarus. The examination included neurological and psychiatric examination, intellectual assessment, and clinical psychological investigation of parents as well as the estimation of thyroid exposure in utero. The exposed group manifested a relative increase in psychological impairment compared with the control group, with increased prevalence in cases of specific developmental speech-language disorders (18.1% vs. 8.2% at 6-7 years; 10.1% vs. 3.3% at 10-11 years) and emotional disorders (20.3% vs. 7.4% at 6-7 years; 18.1 vs. 7.4% at 10-11 years). The mean IQ of the exposed group was lower than that of the control group, and there were more cases of borderline IQ (IQ = 70-79) (15.9% vs. 5.7% at 6-7 years; and 10.1% vs. 3.3% at 10-11 years). The mean value of thyroid doses from 131I 0.4 Gy was estimated for children exposed in utero. No correlation was found between individual thyroid doses and IQ at age 6-7 years or 10-11 years. We notice a positive moderate correlation between IQ of children and the educational level of their parents. There was a moderate correlation between high personal anxiety in parents and emotional disorders in children. We conclude that a significant role in the genesis of borderline intellectual functioning, specific developmental disorders of speech, language and scholastic skills, as well as emotional disorders in the exposed group of children was played by unfavourable social-psychological and social-cultural factors such as a low educational level of parents, the break of microsocial contacts, and adaptational difficulties, which appear following the evacuation and relocation from the contaminated areas.
Reference: ― New York: Academic Press, 1965. ― 365 p.
Keywords: neurology
Abstract: Prepared under the direction of the American Institute of Biological Sciences for the Division of Technical Information, United States Atomic Energy Commission
Author: Ivanov V.K.
Reference: Health Phys. — 2007. — Vol. 93, №5. — P. 470–479.
Keywords: excess relative risk, leukemia, cerebrovascular diseases
Abstract: The presented work summarizes data on estimated radiation risks among Chernobyl emergency workers of the Russian Federation. In 1991-1998, the excess relative risk (ERR) of death from malignant neoplasm was statistically significant: excess relative risk per 1 Gy (ERR/Gy)=2.11 with 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.31-2.92). In 1991-2001, the ERR estimation for incident solid cancers gives a positive, but statistically insignificant value: ERR/Gy=0.34 with 95% CI (-0.39; 1.22). In 1986-2003, radiation risk for leukemia incidence was investigated. During the first 10 y after the Chernobyl accident (1986-1996) the relative risk (RR) of leukemia (excluding chronic lymphocytic leukemia) was statistically significant: RR=2.2 with 95% CI (1.3-3.8) for emergency workers with doses>0.15 Gy in comparison with less exposed workers. In 1986-2000, a statistically significant dose response was observed for incident cerebrovascular diseases: ERR/Gy=0.39, 95% CI=(0.004; 0.77). For doses>0.15 Gy a statistically significant risk of cerebrovascular diseases as a function of mean daily dose was observed: ERR per 0.1 Gy d(-1)=2.17 with 95% CI=(0.64; 3.69). Different but overlapping cohorts of Russian emergency workers were used for these estimations. No adjustments were made for recognized risk factors for cerebrovascular diseases. All results should be considered as preliminary.
Author: Y. Iwata, K. Suzuki, T. Wakuda et al.
Reference: PLoS ONE. — 2008. — Vol. 3, № 5. — P. e2283.
Keywords: subgranular zone, immunohistochemistry, NMDA, subventicular zone
Abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest that radiation exposure may be a potential risk factor for schizophrenia in adult humans. Here, we investigated whether adult irradiation in rats caused behavioral abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia.
A total dose of 15-Gy irradiation in six fractionations during 3 weeks was exposed to the forebrain including the subventricular zone (SVZ) and subgranular zone (SGZ) with male rats in the prone position. Behavioral, immunohistochemical, and neurochemical studies were performed three months after fractionated ionizing irradiation. Three months after fractionated ionizing irradiation, the total numbers of BrdU-positive cells in both the SVZ and SGZ zones of irradiated rats were significantly lower than those of control (sham-irradiated) rats. Hyperactivity after administration of the dopaminergic agonist methamphetamine, but not the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist dizocilpine, was significantly enhanced in the irradiated rats although spontaneous locomotion in the irradiated rats was significantly lower than that of controls. Behavioral abnormalities including auditory sensory gating deficits, social interaction deficits, and working memory deficits were observed in the irradiated rats.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2386242/?tool=pubmed