Title: Concept of optimisation of the radiation protection system in the nuclear sector: management of individual cancer risks and providing targeted health care.
Author: V K Ivanov / A F Tsyb / A M Agapov / A P Panfilov / O V Kaidalov / A I Gorski / M A Maksioutov / (…) / V I Vaizer
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 26 (4), p.361-374, Dec 2006
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/26/4/001
Keywords:
Abstract: The paper discusses the provision of targeted health care to nuclear workers in Russia based on radiation-epidemiological estimates of cancer risks. Cancer incidence rates are analysed for the workers of the Institute of Physical Power Engineering (the first nuclear installation in the world) who were subjected to individual dosimetric monitoring from 1950 to 2002. The value of excess relative risk for solid cancers was found to be ERR Gy−1 = 0.24 (95% CI: −4.22; 7.96). It has been shown that 81.8% of the persons covered by individual dosimetric monitoring have potential attributive risk up to 5%, and the risk is more than
10% for 3.7% of the workers. Among the detected cancer cases, 73.5% of the individuals show an attributive risk up to 5% and the risk is in excess of 10% for 3.9% of the workers. Principles for the provision of targeted health care, given voluntary health insurance, are outlined.
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/26/4/001/
Title: Solid cancers after therapeutic radiation – can we predict which patients are most at risk?
Author: Thomas, G.A.
Reference: Clinical Oncology, 16 (6), p.429-434, Sep 2004
doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2004.04.008
Keywords: Post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer; Hodgkin’s disease; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract: …paediatric thyroid cancers after Chernobyl [29] . The study of the molecular biology of post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer has been greatly facilitated…studies. Early studies on post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer reported that there was a higher…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0936655504001578
Title: Current State of Epidemiological Studies in Belarus about Chernobyl Sufferers
Author: Vladimir P. MATSKO
Reference: [PDF-101K]Aug 2002
Keywords:
Abstract: The present paper is an analysis of the results of epidemiological studies in Belarus about the after-effects of the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station (ChAPS), based on published data at scientific institutes, organs and institutions of Ministry of Health. The special system in the Republic of sanitation for the affected population and its statistical outcome allows to obtain annually the data on morbidity and mortality of different cohorts of this population. The health both of the affected by the catastrophe and of the whole population of the Republic is influenced by economic, environmental (i.e. of natural and social medium) factors connected with individual behaviours, medical and sanitary situation. The higher level of disease incidence among the affected people can be explained, in a certain degree, not only by the ChAPS accident after-effects but also by the established sanitary system and improved diagnostics quality. Meanwhile, the adduced data are of interest as a basis for long-term observation, evaluation of tendencies and choice of directions of priority in further researches. The adduced material indicates aggravation of health state of the republican population, especially of those who suffered as a result of the ChAPS catastrophe. Undoubtedly, the higher disease incidence of the affected people (which constitute a fifth part of the total population) increases the morbidity in Belarus as a whole.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr21/kr21pdf/Matsko2.pdf
Title: Clinical Experiences with Radiation Induced Thyroid Cancer after Chernobyl
Author: Christoph Reiners
Reference: genes ISSN 2073-4425 1 [PDF-268K]May 2011
Keywords: Chernobyl; children; thyroid cancer; advanced stages; treatment; prognosis
Abstract:The risk of developing thyroid cancer increases considerably after exposure to external or internal radiation, especially in children below the age of 10. After the Chernobyl reactor accident, the yearly incidence of childhood thyroid cancer in Belarus increased to approximately 40 per 1.000.000 in girls and to roughly 20 per 1.000.000 in boys compared to approximately 0.5 cases per 1.000.000 prior to the accident. Typically, young children with thyroid cancer after radiation exposure present in ≈95% of the cases as papillary cancers, in ≈50% as invasive tumors growing outside the thyroid capsule, in ≈65% with lymph node metastases and in ≈15% with distant metastases. A joint Belarusian-German project starting in April 1993 that combined treatment with surgery and radioiodine was organized in 237 selected children from Belarus who were exposed to the Chernobyl fallout and had advanced stages of thyroid cancer. The study group included 141 girls and 96 boys. Their median age at the time of the accident was 1.7 years; whereas the median age at the time of diagnosis was 12.4 years. With the exception of two cases with follicular histology, the majority of the patients had been diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancers. In 63%, the tumor had grown outside the thyroid capsule and invaded the tissue of the neck (pT4). Nearly all of the selected cases (96%) showed-up with lymph node metastases (pN1) and 43% of the patients with distant metastases mainly to the lungs (pM1). In 58% of the children, complete remissions of thyroid cancer could be achieved until December 31st 2010 and in 34% of the children, stable partial remissions; in the remaining 8% of the patients, partial remissions were observed. The risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer increased considerably in children and adolescents who were affected by the Chernobyl reactor accident. In spite of the fact, that thyroid cancers in young children seem to behave more aggressively than in older patients, the results of combined treatment with thyroidectomy, radioiodine therapy and thyroid hormone replacement are excellent.
URL: http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/2/2/374/pdf
Title: Chernobyl and hypothyroidism
Author: Mangano, Joseph J
Reference: The Lancet, 348 (9025), p.476-477, Aug 1996
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)64571-0
Keywords:
Abstract: …and for why thyroid cancer in Belarus and…years after the Chernobyl incident. For…known that excess thyroid cancer from therapeutic…isotopes in the Chernobyl fallout may provide…surprising patterns of thyroid cancer and hypothyroidism…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673605645710
Title: The seven projects and their achievements in 5 years that provide new post-COE concepts
Author: Tomonaga, Masao
Reference: International Congress Series, 1299, p.3-9, Feb 2007
doi: 10.1016/j.ics.2006.09.018
Keywords: COE project; Epidemiology; Molecular epidemiology; Stem cell theory; Regenerative medicine
Abstract: During the actuarial period of 4 years spent on our COE Program, we have conducted seven major projects: high quality medical care and epidemiology of radiation exposed victims in Nagasaki, Chernobyl and Semipalatinsk, molecular epidemiology of radiation-induced cancers, basic radiation biology in terms of low-dose effect on human cells and carcinogenesis, promotion of international preparedness for acute radiation accident and practical regeneration medicine for acute radiation injuries and international exchange of young investigators and development of e-learning system on radiation life science. These activities brought about an important finding that thyroid cancer in Chernobyl and solid cancers and hematopoietic neoplasia in atomic bomb survivors continued over 20 years and 60 years, respectively. This finding provides stem cell target theory to explain the life-long effect of radiation on the human body. Therefore, our post-COE concept should be how to prove this hypothesis and develop improved medical care for radiation victims including prevention and early detection of cancers.
URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513106006273
Title: UNSCEAR 2008 Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes Volume II, Annex D: Health effects due to radiation from the Chernobyl accident (Advance copy)
Reference: SOURCES AND EFFECTS OF IONIZING RADIATION UNSCEAR 2008 [PDF-6MB]Apr 2011
Keywords:
Abstract:… In the former Soviet Union, the contamination of fresh milk with 131I and the lack of prompt countermeasures led to high thyroid doses, particularly among children. In the longer term, mainly due to radiocaesium, the general population was also exposed to radiation externally from radioactive deposition and internally from consuming contaminated foodstuffs. However, in part because of the countermeasures taken, the resulting radiation doses were relatively low (the average additional dose in 1986–2005 in “contaminated areas”6 of the three republics was about equivalent to that from a computed tomography (CT) scan in medicine), and should not lead to substantial health effects in the general population that could be attributed to radiation exposure from the accident. Even so, the severe disruption caused by the accident, confounded with the remarkable political changes that took place in the Soviet Union and the new republics, resulted in major social and economic impact, and great distress for the affected populations….
URL: http://inst.nuc.berkeley.edu/NE104/Radiation%20Risks/Advance_copy_Annex_D_Chernobyl_Report.pdf
Title: In the shadow of Chernobyl—a report of the first international conference of the European Commission, Belarus, Russian federation and Ukraine on the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident, 18–22 march 1996, Minsk, Belarus
Author: Storm, H.H.
Reference: European Journal of Cancer, 32 (11), p.1864-1865, Oct 1996
doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(96)00159-1
Keywords:
Abstract: …is the highly increased risk of thyroid cancer in children and young adults…surprise is not the occurrence of thyroid cancer (from radioactive iodine…of the accident will contract thyroid cancer during the next 50 years. Psychological…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0959804996001591
Title: The toll of Chernobyl – scientific data wanted
Author: Habeck, Martina
Reference: The Lancet Oncology, 1 (Supplement 1), p.5, May 2000
doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70270-0
Keywords:
Abstract: …Panos Since the Chernobyl disaster 14 years…thousand cases of thyroid cancer have been diagnosed…lymphoma and thyroid cancer among the people…in cleaning up Chernobyl after the disaster…study concerning thyroid cancer in children…
URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470204509702700
Title: U.S./Belarus/Ukraine joint research on the biomedical effects of the Chernobyl Reactor Accident. Final report
Author: Bruce Wachholz
Reference: Other Information: PBD: 20 Jun 2000
doi: 10.2172/760446
Keywords: children, cohort,cleanup workers
Abstract: The National Cancer Institute has negotiated with the governments of Belarus and Ukraine (Ministers/Ministries of Health, institutions and scientists) to develop scientific research protocols to study the effects of radioactive iodine released by the Chernobyl accident upon thyroid anatomy and function in defined cohorts of persons under the age of 19 years at the time of the accident. These studies include prospective long term medical follow-up of the cohort and the reconstruction of the radiation dose to each cohort subject’s thyroid. The protocol for the study in Belarus was signed by the US and Belorussian governments in May 1994 and the protocol for the study in Ukraine was signed by the US and Ukraine in May 1995. A second scientific research protocol also was negotiated with Ukraine to study the feasibility of a long term study to follow the development of leukemia and lymphoma among Ukrainian cleanup workers; this protocol was signed by the US and Ukraine in October 1996.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=760446
