タグ「Cesium」
Title: Chronic Contamination with 137Cesium in Rat: Effect on Liver Cholesterol Metabolism
Author: M. Souidi, E. Tissandie, L. Grandcolas, S. Grison, F. Paquet, P. Voisin, J. Aigueperse, P. Gourmelon Y. Guéguen
Reference: International Journal of Toxicology November 2006 vol. 25 no. 6 493-497
DOI: 10.1080/10915810600961317
Keywords : Cesium, Chernobyl, Cholesterol, Liver, Rat
Abstract: After the Chernobyl nuclear accident, epidemiological studies on human populations living in 137Cs-contaminated areas revealed the increase frequencies of thyroid cancer and evoked the apparition of cardiovascular diseases, hormonal effect, liver alteration, and lipid disorder. Actually, it raises a problem of public safety for the populations living on these territories that are exposed to low levels of 137Cs during a long period through food. Then it is necessary to study potential effect of this chronic contamination. To mimic this situation, the authors investigate the potential biological effects of chronic exposure to 137Cs at a postaccidental dose (150 Bq/rat/day) on hepatic metabolism of cholesterol in rat. Plasma lipid level, gene expression and activity were analyzed. It was observed that in 137Cs-exposed rats, gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and liver X receptor α (LXRα) are increased (95%, p < .05; 34%, p < .05; 20%, p < 0.05, respectively), whereas transporter adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter G5 (ABCG5) is decreased (42%, p < .05). In addition, cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1) activity is increased (34%, p < .05) in contaminated rat liver. In conclusion, the results suggest that 137Cs contamination at low-level induces molecular modifications of the liver cholesterol metabolism without leading to a dysregulation of its homeostasis. These results suggest that chronic long term exposure at low-level of 137Cs may evolve to lipid disorder.
ＵＲＬ：http://ijt.sagepub.com/content/25/6/493
Author: I.A. Sobolev, L.B. Prozorov, N.I. Komarova, T.V. Molchanova
Reference: Patent, 10.07.2000, Moscow patent holder: Moscow State Enterprise – Joint Environmental-Technological Research Center for the disposal of radioactive waste and the protection of the environment (SIA “Radon”)
Keywords: cesium, soil, decontamination, hydrofluoric and / or fluosilicic acid
Abstract: The invention relates to environmental protection and is aimed to be used for decontamination of soil from radionuclide cesium. Technical results: expansion of the scope, as well as increase of extent, speed and security of implementation. For the decontamination an aqueous solution is applied. The solution is a mixture of oxalic acid concentration, of at least 0.5 M, and water soluble ammonium, potassium or sodium salt of hydrofluoric and / or fluosilicic acid.
URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/215/2152650.html
Title: Evaluation and prediction of radiation-ecological state of the natural environment in the area of the Chernobyl contamination: the case of the Bryansk region.
Author: Starodubov, Alexey Valeryevich
Reference: Moscow, 2007
Keywords: area of long-term radioactive contamination, Bryansk region, safe living conditions, population, prediction, natural environment, plutonium, americium, cesium, strontium
Abstract: The main objective of the work is to establish a scientific and methodological framework for assessing and predicting the radiation situation in the area of long-term radioactive contamination by the fragmentation fission products and trans-uranic elements of Chernobyl genesis (for example, the south-western part of the Bryansk region) necessary to ensure safe living conditions of the population and planning household activity.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/otsenka-i-prognozirovanie-radiatsionno-ekologicheskogo-sostoyaniya-prirodnoi-sredy-v-zone-ch
Author: R.A. Penzin, V.C. Sheptunov, B.M. Lesokhin, V.K. Bulygin, S.V. Petrov
Reference: Patent, 27.05.1998, Moscow patent holder: R.A. Penzin
Keywords: liquid waste, treatment, filtration, cesium, strontium
Abstract: Usage: chemical technology, specifically in the nuclear environment, the processing of liquid radioactive waste (LRW) resulting from the operation of various atomic power plants. Stepwise processing of liquid waste, containing cesium and strontium, is conducted in the following sequence:
>Pre-treatment stage: mechanical cleaning, ultrafiltration, microfiltration
>Passing through selective inorganic sorbent, based on ferrocyanide of transitional metal of copper, nickel, cobalt and porous inorganic carrier
> Passing through reverse osmosis module, at salt concentrations of 1 g / l, in one step. The second step of the same, with flows divided into concentrate and permeate, is then subjected to post-treatment by passing through a sorbent selected from the group of:
synthetic zeolite of type “A”, chabazite of hexagonal structure or natural zeolite of monoclinic structure, which are used as a modified zeolite “CM-SELEX.”
URL:http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/211/2112289.html
Author: A.S. Mashkov
Reference: Dissertation, candidate of veterinary sciences, Moscow, 2006
Keywords: meat, decontamination, ionization, accumulation
Abstract: The aim of the work is to carry out veterinary-sanitary examination and biological evaluation of meat contaminated structurally by mixture of cesium, strontium and various methods of deactivation.
URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/veterinarno-sanitarnaya-otsenka-dezaktivirovannogo-myasa-strukturno-zagryaznennogo-radionukl
Author: Gudkov D.I., Kaglyan A.E., Kireev S.I., Nazarov A.B., Klenus V.G.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2008
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803108010049
Keywords: fish, soil, contamination 90sr 137cs, transuranic elements
Abstract: Observes the contamination of 90sr and 137 cs, as well as transuranic elements, in the organism of fish (specified by species) in the exclusion area of Chernobyl. The article also describes the migration of radionuclides from water bodies into soil.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9603820
Author: Kudelsky A. V., Smith J. T., Pashkevich V. I.
Reference: Nauka, 2012
ISSN: 0869-7803
Keywords: CHERNOBYL CATASTROPHE, HYDROSPHERE, RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION, STATE AND PROGNOSIS
Abstract: The retrospective review of scientific investigations of the Belarus hydrosphere within the radioactively contaminated territories is presented for 1986-2005. The area under consideration occupies more than 35 000 km2 with contamination levels 37-1480 kBq/m2 for 137Cs and 22-111 kBq/m2 for 90Sr. Wide-range variations in average vertical velocity (0.11-2.66 cm/yr) and coefficient of quasidiffusion (0.01-1.4 cm2/yr) of radiocaesium migration in soils have been observed. A statistically significant tendency of decreasing with time the radionuclide migration parameters in automorphic soddy-podzolic soils within the over floodplain river terraces was revealed. The levels of groundwater contamination varied within 0.02-0.58 Bq/l for 137Cs and 0.02-0.18 Bq/l for 90Sr. The behavior of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs and 90Sr in hydrologically isolated bog systems within the catchment area of the Pripyat River as well as radionuclide pollution of the water fl ows of Dnieper, Pripyat, Sozh, Besed, Iput Rivers are considered. Dynamics of decreasing the average annual radionuclide activity concentrations and their variations during spring-autumn high water levels is demonstrated. Simplifi ed dynamic model for predicting the radionuclide activity concentrations in the river water following the large-scale radionuclide contamination is considered.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18060468
Reference: National Archive of the Republic of Belorussia, 2006
ISBN: 985-6372-45-3
Keywords: sources of contamination, cesium, strontium, plutonium, alkali metals, safety against radiation, Belorussia, radionuclides,
Abstract: History of liquidation in Belorussia from the day of the disaster until December 1991
URL: http://www.archives.gov.ua/Publicat/Chornobyl.php
Title: Chemical forms of γ-emitting radionuclides in soils adjacent to the Chernobyl NPP
Author: A.L. Kliashtorin, A.I. Shcheglov, F.A. Tikhomirov
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 164, Issue 3, 30 March 1995, Pages 177-184
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04464-C
Keywords: Radionuclides; Chernobyl NPP; Caesium; Soils
Abstract: Samples of sandy forest soils, meadow sandy-peat soil and meadow sandy-loam soil were taken at different sites within a 30-km zone around the Chernobyl NPP (ChNPP). The samples were extracted with water and a 0.1-N solution of ammonium acetate. The extracts were measured for γ-radionuclides and stable cation content. The content of all mobile forms of the radionuclides present in the 0–10-cm soil layer accounts for 0.5-5% of the total radionuclide content in this layer, depending on the type of radionuclide and soil. Water soluble forms of the radionuclides were found in the 0–5-cm layer only. Exchangable radionuclide forms were represented, as a rule, by radiocaesium in both the 0–5- and 5–10-cm layers. Content of Cs-137 exchangeable forms in the organic-mineral horizon were roughly inversely proportional to the sum of stable exchangeable cations and organic matter content. Forest vegetation takes up a significant share of the mobile forms of radiocaesium from the soils.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/004896979504464C
Title: Rural areas affected by the Chernobyl accident: Radiation exposure and remediation strategies
Author: P. Jacob, S. Fesenko, I. Bogdevitch, V. Kashparov, N. Sanzharova, N. Grebenshikova, N. Isamov, N. Lazarev, A. Panov, A. Ulanovsky, Y. Zhuchenko, M. Zhurba
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 408, Issue 1, 15 December 2009, Pages 14-25
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.006
Keywords: Caesium; Chernobyl; Ionizing radiation; Rehabilitation; Remediation
Abstract: Main objectives of the present work were to develop an internationally agreed methodology for deriving optimized remediation strategies in rural areas that are still affected by the Chernobyl accident, and to give an overview of the radiological situation in the three affected countries, Belarus, Russia and Ukraine. Study settlements were defined by having in 2004 less than 10,000 inhabitants and official dose estimates exceeding 1 mSv. Data on population, current farming practices, contamination of soils and foodstuffs, and remedial actions previously applied were collected for each of such 541 study settlements. Calculations of the annual effective dose from internal radiation were validated with extensive data sets on whole body counter measurements. According to our calculations for 2004, in 290 of the study settlements the effective dose exceeded 1 mSv, and the collective dose in these settlements amounted to about 66 person-Sv. Six remedial actions were considered: radical improvement of grassland, application of ferrocyn to cows, feeding pigs with uncontaminated fodder before slaughter, application of mineral fertilizers for potato fields, information campaign on contaminated forest produce, and replacement of contaminated soil in populated areas by uncontaminated soil.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896970900850X
