タグ「contamination」
Title: Integrated environmental assessment on radiation and chemical factors within operation and decommissioning of hazardous facilities.
Author: Laschenova, Tatiana Nikolayevna
Reference: Moscow, 2008
Keywords: geochemistry, radiogeology, radioactivity of the earth, environment, radiation factors, chemical factors, exploitation of radiation hazardous facilities, decommissioning, rehabilitation, contamination
Abstract: The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the environment’s state by radiation and chemical factors within operation and decommissioning of radiation hazardous facilities, rehabilitation of contaminated sites and the elimination of local areas of contamination.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/kompleksnaya-otsenka-sostoyaniya-okruzhayushchei-sredy-po-radiatsionnym-i-khimicheskim-fakt-0
Title: Atlas of cesium contamination of Europe after the Chernobyl accident
Reference: Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998
Keywords: atlas, Europe, contamination
Abstract: The European committee and ministries of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, which are responsible for the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, conducted a joint program to study the effects of the accident. The program was carried out during the 1992-1995 years, as part of a formal agreement between the European committee and the relevant Ministries of the three countries. One of the projects was devoted to the preparation of the Atlas fallout on the entire territory of Europe radioactive products emitted by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
URL: http://pripyat-city.ru/books/56-atlas-zagryazneniya-evropy-ceziem.html
Title: A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF HEALTH EFFECTS IN EUROPE– TWO DECADES AFTER CHERNOBYL
Author: Seidel C., Maringer F.J., Bossew P
Reference: Proceedings series, Mar 2008, 260 p, IAEA, Vienna (Austria), International conference on Chernobyl: Looking back to go forward, Vienna (Austria), 6-7 Sep 2005
Keywords: Chernobyl, environmental contamination, radioactivity, radiation activity, radiation exposure, health consequences, cancer
Abstract: This report sums up radioactive environmental contamination due to the Chernobyl accident in 1986 in various regions all over Europe (Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Sweden, Austria and Greece). Most of the radionuclides released with the reactor accident possess short-lives (e.g. 131I) of a few hours or several days and weeks or were deposed in low quantities (e.g. 90Sr). So the main focus was put on 137Cs, because this radionuclide has a long half-life (30 a), is measurable till this day and gives a presentable view of radiation exposure in contaminated regions. The decrease of 137Cs activity concentrations in soil, surface water, foodstuffs and air was shown in the course of time. The comparison of radioactive environmental contamination shows, that the 137Cs-activity concentration in nearly all media has decreased faster than the physical half-life. Part of this elaboration was also to describe the contribution of the reactor accident to the radiation exposure of selected population groups in the last 20 years. The second part of the report follows a valuation of European studies, which are linked to late health effects of the Chernobyl accident specially thyroid cancer, leukemia and other solid tumors. These studies has been discussed and evaluated. Only in countries with the highest impact like Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, an increased number of infant thyroid cancer has been observed but up to now no increases in leukemia or malignant deceases in this or other European countries can be detected
URL: http://www.colloquium.fr/06IRPA/CDROM/docs/P-040.pdf
Title: CHERNOBYL: THE FEAR OF THE UNKNOWN
Author: Zbigniew Jaworowski
Reference: International Journal of Low Radiation 2006 – Vol. 3, No.4 pp. 319 – 324
DOI: 10.1504/IJLR.2006.012006
Keywords: Belarus; Chernobyl, health consequences, irrational fear, radiophobia, Russia, Ukraine, UNSCEAR, contamination
Abstract: People living in contaminated regions of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine ‘need not live in fear of serious health consequences’ and UNSCEAR forecasts that ‘generally positive’ prospects for the future health of most individuals should prevail.
URL: http://ecolo.org/documents/documents_in_english/cherno-zbigniew_fear-06.htm
Author: A.S. Danilovich
Reference: Dissertation, 2001
Keywords: radioactive waste, contamination, decontamination, safety
URL: http://library.gpntb.ru/cgi-bin/irbis64r_simplesite/cgiirbis_64.exe
Author: Novikov, A. P.; Kalmykov, S. N.; Goryachenkova, T. A.; Kazinskaya, I. E.; Barsukova, K. V.; Lavrinovich, E. A.; Kuzovkina, E. V.; Myasoedov, B. F.
Reference: Gazette “Radiochemistry”, 2009
ISSN: 0033-8311
DOI:
Keywords: radioisotopes, lake, groundwater, radionuclide contamination
Abstract: Associations of radionuclides with colloidal particles of various sizes, isolated from underground waters of the Lake Karachai contamination area, were studied. Analysis by photon correlation spectroscopy showed that the total content of colloidal matter in deeper horizons is higher by an order of magnitude than in near-surface horizons. The mean particle radius also increases with the depth. The major fraction of Pu, Am, and Cm is associated with colloids (40�90%). U and Np are associated with colloidal particles to a lesser extent (2�20%), which determines their higher migration mobility in underground waters. The amount of actinides associated with coarse colloidal particles of size from 450 to 200 nm is insignificant. A considerable fraction of actinides is in the deep-lying water (depth =40 m) is associated with colloidal particles of size from 200 to 50 nm. No more than 30% of Pu and Am in water of these horizons is associated with finer colloids (from 10 kDa to 50 nm). With approaching the surface, the amount of actinides in the fraction of nanometer-sized particles (50 nm-10 kDa) increases (to 50%).
URL: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/47128737/association-radionuclides-colloidal-matter-underground-waters-taken-from-observation-wells-zone-impact-lake-karachai
Title: Variability cowberry induced contamination Chernobyl: The forest ecosystems of the Southern Black Earth Region of Russia
Author: Borzdyko Yelena Vasilyeva
Reference: Bryansk, 2006
Keywords: Southern Non-Black Earth area (Russian Federation), cowberry, ecosystem, contamination
Abstract: The purpose of the study. In terms of radioactive contamination of forest ecosystems of the Southern Non-Black Earth Region of Russia, to explore the morphological diversity of cowberry, its mitotic and meiotic activity, the duration of the individual phases of mitosis, the main types of chromosomal abnormalities, pollen viability, the relationship of exposure dose power/rate (MED) and the specific activity (SA) of radionuclides in the soil and phytomass, to determine the transition and accumulation of radionuclides in the phytomass, the influence of moss on specific activity 137Cs in leaves and its dynamics in fresh berries.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/izmenchivost-brusniki-obyknovennoi-indutsirovannaya-radioaktivnym-zagryazneniem-chaes-v-lesn
Author: Odintsov, A. A.; Khan, V. E.; Krasnov, V. A.; Pazukhin, E. M.
Reference: Gazette “Radiochemistry”, 2007
ISSN: 0033-8311
DOI: 621.039.542
Keywords: drinking water, contamination, water pollution, radioisotopes, ricer, lake
Abstract: The volume activity of 3H, 90Sr, 137Cs, 234U, 235U, 238U, 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am in ground waters from observation holes 1-G-6-G in the north section of the Shelter local area of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) was measured. The distribution of radionuclides in the suspension fractions of the ground waters was evaluated. The main contribution to the pollution of ground waters with uranium is due to natural uranium isotopes: 234,235,238U. The activity ratios of 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am in ground waters are similar to those in the spent fuel of 4th CNPP block.
URL: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/27081216/radionuclides-ground-waters-from-observation-holes-shelter-local-area
Author: Klimova E.V.
Reference: Gazette “ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ В АПК.” (Ecological safety in agricultural sector), Moscow, 2003
ISSN: 1726-2211
DOI:
Keywords: groundwater, radionuclides, contamination of water, Kazakhstan
Abstract:
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=6576226
Title: Model-directed sampling in Chernobyl forests: general methodology and 1994 sampling program
Author: W.R. Schell, I. Linkov, V. Rimkevich, O. Chistic, A. Lutsko, A.M. Dvornik, T.A. Zhuchenko
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 180, Issue 3, 23 February 1996, Pages 229-240
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04946-0
Keywords: Chernobyl; Forest; Radionuclide contamination; Forest ecosystem modeling; Forest sampling
Abstract: Radiologically-contaminated forest and natural ecosystems contribute significantly to the human radiation dose in the intermediate (several years) and long (several decades) terms following the radionuclide release. As a result of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in 1986, extensive forested areas in Europe were significantly contaminated with cesium, strontium, plutonium and other radionuclides. This study develops a dynamic model that describes the pathways of radionuclides which undergo complex transfer processes in forests and natural ecosystems. This generic model, FORESTRATH, calculates time-dependent radionuclide concentrations in forest compartments based on the information available on residence half-times. Because of the high complexity, traditional sampling programs often provide only limited and fragmented information for the ecosystem to be modeled. A model-directed sampling program was initiated which implies close feedback between ecosystem sampling and modeling of the radionuclide pathways using the FORESTPATH model. This program is now being applied by an international team of USA, European Union (EU) and Newly Independent States (NIS) members in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Exclusion Zone.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969795049460
