タグ「Internal exposure」
Author: K.S. Heiervang, S. Mednick, K. Sundet, B.R. Rund
Reference: Scand. J. Psychol. — 2010. — Vol. 51, № 3. — 210–215.
Keywords: Norway, IQ, prenatal exposure
Abstract: Radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant meltdown greatly affected several Norwegian counties. The cognitive consequences of in utero exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl accident have been intensely debated. This study examines the cognitive outcomes for those Norwegians who were exposed as fetuses to the fallout from Chernobyl. The participants, 84 adolescents who were exposed in utero to radiation from the most contaminated areas in Norway and 94 adolescents from areas not contaminated by the radiation, were tested on verbal and nonverbal IQ. Two data analyses were conducted. First, using a control-group design, the IQ scores of exposed and unexposed adolescents were compared. Second, in a timing-of-exposure design, those exposed during the most sensitive period were contrasted with those exposed later in gestation. Adolescents exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation in utero scored significantly lower in full-scale IQ than unexposed adolescents. The difference was restricted to verbal IQ and was not evident for nonverbal IQ. The effect was not observed in exposed adolescents who had passed the most sensitive gestational period prior to the accident and thus were exposed to the radiation from Chernobyl exclusively after gestational week 16. These participants performed as well as the controls. Although the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the study’s nonrandomized design, the data add new and important support to the hypothesis that the Chernobyl accident may have had a subtle effect on the cognitive functioning of those exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation in utero during the most sensitive gestational period.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20338021
Title: Exposure of the population in Russian Federation as a result of the Chernobyl accident
Author: Balonov M.I.1, Bruk G.Ya.1, Golikov V.Yu.1, Erkin V.G.1, Zvonova I.A.1, Parkhomenko V.I.1, Shutov V.N.
Reference: Journal “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК“ No.7 1996
ISSN: 0131-3878
Keywords: external and internal exposure
Abstract: The paper presents results of ten-years field studies of levels and features of external and internal exposure doses for the population of Bryansk, Tula and Oryol regions of Russia affected by the radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident. Consideration is given to radio-ecological processes of migration of 131I, 134Cs, 137Cs, 89Sr and 90Sr in the biosphere, their intake and changes in human body for the residents of the contaminated areas with different soil conditions and extent of radiation protection. A model has been developed to account for external exposure of the public to γ-radiation of radionuclides occurring in the environment. The model has been verified against mass-scale measurements of individual absorbed doses by the thermoluminescence method. The paper also dwells on the models for intake of iodine, cesium and strontium radionuclides in human body which have been verified against mass-scale measurements with whole body counter and 90Sr in the section material. Examples are given showing exposure of residents of Russia in 1986 – 1994 and later. The collective dose from thyroid exposure to incorporated 131I in Russia and expected cancer thyroid morbidity has been assessed.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9320715
Title: Lake fish as the main contributor of internal dose to lakeshore residents in the Chernobyl contaminated area
Author: I.G Travnikova, A.N Bazjukin, G.Ja Bruk, V.N Shutov, M.I Balonov, L Skuterud, H Mehli, P Strand
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 77, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 63-75
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.03.003
Keywords: Chernobyl; 137Cs; Lake; Internal exposure
Abstract: Two field expeditions in 1996 studied 137Cs intake patterns and its content in the bodies of adult residents from the village Kozhany in the Bryansk region, Russia, located on the shore of a drainless peat lake in an area subjected to significant radioactive contamination after the 1986 Chernobyl accident. The 137Cs contents in lake water and fish were two orders of magnitude greater than in local rivers and flow-through lakes, 10 years after Chernobyl radioactive contamination, and remain stable. The 137Cs content in lake fish and a mixture of forest mushrooms was between approximately 10–20 kBq/kg, which exceeded the temporary Russian permissible levels for these products by a factor of 20–40. Consumption of lake fish gave the main contribution to internal doses (40–50%) for Kozhany village inhabitants Simple countermeasures, such as Prussian blue doses for dairy cows and pre-boiling mushrooms and fish before cooking, halved the 137Cs internal dose to inhabitants, even 10 years after the radioactive fallout.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X04000761
Title: Effects of radioactive iodine ( 131 I) on the thyroid of newborn, pubertal and adult rats
Author: Nitta, Yumiko / Hoshi, Masaharu / Kamiya, Kenji
Reference: International Congress Series, 1236, p.127-131, Jul 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00856-1
Keywords: Chernobyl; Thyroid cancer; 131I; Internal exposure; Rat
Abstract: …The short latency for the development of thyroid cancer in the post-Chernobyl cases proposes that we need to be sure of the thyroid susceptibility to internal exposure, especially at young ages. We started a large-scale carcinogenesis project 6 years ago with the purpose to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of 131I when irradiated at young ages. First, we established a method to estimate the absorbed doses in the thyroid of different age groups….
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101008561
Title: Estimation of thyroid doses and health risks resulting from the intake of radioactive iodine in foods and drinking water by the citizens of Tokyo after the Fukushima nuclear accident
Author: Murakami, Michio / Oki, Taikan
Reference: Chemosphere, 87 (11), p.1355-1360, Jun 2012
doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.02.028
Keywords: Cancer risk; Fukushima nuclear power plant accident; Ingestion dose; Internal exposure; I-131; Radionuclides
Abstract: …carcinogen, causing thyroid cancer in particular, the…from fallout from the Chernobyl accident of 1986 had…dose-related increase in thyroid cancer ( Cardis and Hatch…Health effects of the Chernobyl accident for most individuals…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653512002184
