タグ「Ionizing radiation」
Title: Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Human Lymphocytes after Accidental Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
Author: Galina SNIGIRYOVA and Vladimir SHEVCHENKO
Reference: Russian Scientific Center of Roentgeno-Radiology, MOH RF, N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS
Keywords: chromosomes, ionizing radiation, liquidators
Abstract: Analysis of the results of cytogenetic examination and reconstruction of irradiation doses by the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl NPP accident.
URL：http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/kr79pdf/Snigiryova.pdf
Title: X-rays induce distinct patterns of somatic mutation in fetal versus adult hematopoietic cells
Author: Li Liang, Li Deng, Marc S. Mendonca, Yanping Chen, Betty Zheng, Peter J. Stambrook, Changshun Shao, Jay A. Tischfield
Reference: DNA Repair, Volume 6, Issue 9, 1 September 2007, Pages 1380–1385
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.04.005
Keywords: Ionizing radiation; Prenatal exposure; Mitotic recombination; Base excision repair; Developmental stage
Abstract: There are a variety of mechanisms and pathways whereby cells safeguard their genomes in the face of environmental insults that damage DNA. Whether each of these pathways is equally robust at specific developmental stages in mammals and whether they are also modulated in a tissue-specific manner, however, are unclear. Here, we report that ionizing radiation (IR) produces different types of somatic mutations in fetal cells compared with adult cells of the same lineage. While 1 Gy of X-ray significantly induced intragenic point mutations in T cells of adult mice, no point mutational effect was observed when applied to fetuses. Fetal exposure to IR, on the other hand, led to a significant elevation of mitotic recombination in T cells, which was not observed in adults. Base excision repair (BER) activity was significantly lower in fetal hematopoietic cells than in adult cells, due to a low level of DNA polymerase β, the rate-limiting enzyme in BER. In fetal hematopoietic cells, this low BER activity, together with a high rate of proliferation, causes X-ray-induced DNA lesions, such as base damage, single strand breaks and double strand breaks, to be repaired by homologous recombination, which we observe as mitotic recombination. Higher BER activity and a relatively lower rate of cell proliferation likely contribute to the significant induction of DNA point mutations in adults. Thus, the mutational response to IR is at least partly determined by the availability of specific repair pathways and other developmentally regulated phenotypes, such as mitotic index.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568786407001693
Title: Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Lithuanian populations: effects of occupational and environmental exposures
Author: J.R Lazutka, R Lekevičius, V Dedonyt, L Maciulevičiūt Gervers, J Mierauskien, S Rudaitien, G Slapšyt
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 445, Issue 2, 30 September 1999, Pages 225–239
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00128-X
Keywords: Chromosomal aberration; Sister-chromatid exchange; Exposure; Heavy metal; Organic and inorganic volatile substance; Ionizing radiation; Chernobyl accident
Abstract: Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 175,229 cells from 1113 individuals, both unexposed and occupationally or environmentally exposed to heavy metals (mercury and lead), organic (styrene, formaldehyde, phenol and benzo(a)pyrene) and inorganic (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen and ammonium fluorides) volatile substances and/or ionizing radiation was performed. In addition, 11,250 cells from 225 individuals were scored for the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). Increased frequencies of CA were found in all occupationally exposed groups. A principal difference between the exposure to heavy metals and organic substances was found: increase in the CA frequency was dependent on duration of exposure to mercury but not dependent on duration of exposure to styrene, formaldehyde and phenol. A higher CA incidence was found in lymphocytes of children living in the vicinity of a plant manufacturing phosphate fertilizers. This indicates that children are a sensitive study group for the assessment of environmental exposure. However, the results of SCE analysis in these children were inconclusive. Exposure to ionizing radiation was found to cause chromosome breaks and chromatid exchanges in Chernobyl clean-up workers and chromatid breaks, chromatid exchanges, dicentric chromosomes and chromosome translocations in workers from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. The increased frequency of chromatid exchanges in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation was quite unexpected. This may be attributed to the action of some unrecognized life-style or occupational factors, or to be a result of radiation-induced genomic instability. Also an increased SCE frequency was found in lymphocytes of Chernobyl clean-up workers.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138357189900128X
Author: Lomaeva, Milena Gelievna
Reference: Moscow, 2007
Keywords: ionizing radiation, DNA, mouse
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the level of radiation-いindued genome instability in offsprings of BALB/c mice, born after exposure to sublethal doses of IR-male or female – parents.
URL:http://earthpapers.net/vliyanie-ioniziruyuschey-radiatsii-na-uroven-polimorfizma-dnk-v-raznyh-tkanyah-u-potomstva-obluchennyh-myshey
Title: FUNCTIONAL STATE OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO IONIZING RADIATION AS A RESULT OF THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER
Author: Kolpakov Igor E, Stepanova E I
Reference: Укр. мед. часопис. (Ukrainian Medical Journal) , №6(20) XI – XII 2000 г.
Keywords: respiratory system, functional state, children, ionizing radiation, Chernobyl disaster
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to assess the state of respiratory and nonrespiratory lung functions in children exposed to acute and chronic irradiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster. Studies were performed among 1748 children aged from 5 to 14 years without respiratory diseases. The 1st principal group formed 784 children exposed to acute irradiation (evacuated from Pripyat town and Chernobyl nuclear power plant 30-km exclusion zone), the 2nd one — 964 children exposed to chronic irradiation (living in zones of radiation control). 840 children from radioactively «clean» regions formed the control group. An investigation of respiratory ventilation was performed by the method of pneumotachography using pharmacological inhalation test on latent bronchospasm. Nonrespiratory lung functions were studied by condensate of expired air (CEA).
URL:http://www.umj.com.ua/article/1947/funkcionalnoe-sostoyanie-sistemy-dyxaniya-detej-ispytavshix-vozdejstvie-ioniziruyushhego-izlucheniya-vsledstvie-chernobylskoj-katastrofy
Title: The study of the mutation process in chronically exposed populations of Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinus sylvestris), growing in the area of Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Author: Igonina, Elena Viktorovna
Reference: Moscow, 2010
Keywords: mutation, chronic exposure, Pinus sylvestris L. (Pinus sylvestris), ionizing radiation
Abstract: The aim of the thesis is to study the effect of ionizing radiation on the dynamics of the mutation process in chronically exposed pine populations.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/izuchenie-mutatsionnogo-protsessa-v-khronicheski-obluchaemykh-populyatsiyakh-pinus-sylvestri
Title: ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION ON HUMAN
Author: Petin V.G., Pronkevich M.D.
Reference: Radioation and Lisk 2012 vol.21 No.1
Keywords: Ionizing radiation, Low doses, cancer morbidity, radiation associated hormesis
Abstract: In the review we generalized and analyzed published experimental and epidemiological data on effects of low dose radiation on cancer incidence. It was shown that no increase in cancer incidence was observed in those resided under enhanced natural radiation. Japanese cohort of atomic bomb survivors, nuclear workers and cleanup workers of nuclear incidents. Moreover, in some cases lower cancer mortality as compared to the baseline mortality was observed. The most impressed data on the Taiwan cohort resided in radioactive apartments during 25 years were published. Cancer incidence in that population was 40 times lower than in the control group, at the same time accumulated doses were higher than in clean-up workers of the Chernobyl accident. Analyzed data demonstrate that exposure to low dose radiation reduces risk of cancer development. Possible mechanisms of beneficial action of low level radiation are discussed.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-deystviya-malyh-doz-ioniziruyuschego-izlucheniya-na-onkozabolevaemost-cheloveka
Title: Ionizing radiation as a risk factor for the development of malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs
Author: Biryukov A.P., Ivanov V.K., Maksyutov M.A., Ivanova I.N.
Reference: Radiation and Lisk 2001 No.12
Keywords: Ionizing radiation, digestive organs
Abstract: The paper provides a review of modern understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of malignant neoplasms of the digestive system induced by ionizing radiation. digestive organs
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ioniziruyuschee-izluchenie-kak-faktor-riska-razvitiya-zlokachestvennyh-novoobrazovaniy-organov-pischevareniya-nauchnyy-obzor
Title: RADIATION EPIDEMIOLOGY SECTOR: DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGIES TO THE HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF RADIATION PROTECTION OF THE POPULATION OF RUSSIA
Author: Ivanov.V.K., Tsyb A.F., Maksyutov M.A.
Reference: Radiation and Lisk 2012, vol.21 No.3
Keywords: Ionizing radiation, Radiation epidemiology, Radiological protection, Radiation risks, reconstruction of radiation doses, verification of medical data, Chernobyl accident, medical radiation exposure
Abstract: The authors present the history of the Radiation Epidemiological Sector of the Medical Radiological Research Center and review the main results obtained by researchers of the National Radiation Epidemiological Registry for twenty five years. For that time major efforts were made towards development of methodology and analytical methods for estimating radiation risks and prognosing morbidity and mortality of people affected by low level radiation. At present basic and applied research into Radiation Epidemiology and estimating risks for health of people exposed to radiation from nuclear accidents and incidents, occupational activity and medical procedures is carried out at the Sector.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/radiatsionno-epidemiologicheskiy-sektor-razvitie-sovremennyh-tehnologiy-otsenki-riskov-zdorovyu-i-optimizatsii-radiatsionnoy
Title: ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION ON INCIDENCE OF TUMOR
Author: Petin V.G., Pronkevich M.D.
Reference: Radiation and Lisk 2012 vol. 21 No.1
Keywords: Ionizing radiation, Low doses, cancer morbidity, radiation associated hormesis
Abstract: In the review we generalized and analyzed published experimental and epidemiological data on effects of low dose radiation on cancer incidence. It was shown that no increase in cancer incidence was observed in those resided under enhanced natural radiation. Japanese cohort of atomic bomb survivors, nuclear workers and cleanup workers of nuclear incidents. Moreover, in some cases lower cancer mortality as compared to the baseline mortality was observed. The most impressed data on the Taiwan cohort resided in radioactive apartments during 25 years were published. Cancer incidence in that population was 40 times lower than in the control group, at the same time accumulated doses were higher than in clean-up workers of the Chernobyl accident. Analyzed data demonstrate that exposure to low dose radiation reduces risk of cancer development. Possible mechanisms of beneficial action of low level radiation are discussed.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-deystviya-malyh-doz-ioniziruyuschego-izlucheniya-na-onkozabolevaemost-cheloveka
