タグ「radiocesium」
Title: Environmental radioactivity measurements in north–western Greece following the Fukushima nuclear accident
Author: K. Ioannides, K. Stamoulis, C. Papachristodoulou
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , November 2013, Volume 298, Issue 2, pp 1207-1213
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2527-6
Keywords: Fukushima, Radioiodine, Radiocaesium, Dose assessment, Greece
Abstract: The impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident in north–western Greece was assessed through an environmental monitoring programme activated by the Nuclear Physics Laboratory of the University of Ioannina. Measurements of 131I were carried out in atmospheric particulate, ovine milk and grass samples. In daily aerosol samplings, radioiodine was first detected on March 25–26, 2011 and reached maximum levels, up to 294 μBq m−3, between April 2 and April 4, 2011. In ovine milk samples, 131I concentrations ranged from 2.0 to 2.7 Bq L−1 between April 2 and April 6, 2011, while an average activity of 2.7 Bq kg−1 was measured in grass samples on April 4, 2011. The 134,137Cs isotopes were below detection limits in all samples and could only be determined in the air, by analysis of multiple daily filters. A maximum average activity concentration of 137Cs amounting to 24 μBq m−3 was measured during the period from April 5 to April 9, 2011, with the 134Cs/137Cs activity ratio being close to unity. Activity concentrations were consistent with measurements conducted in other parts of the country and were well below those reported in May 1986 after the Chernobyl accident. The committed effective dose to the whole body and to the thyroid gland from inhalation of 131I was estimated for the adult and infant population and was found to be of no concern for the public health.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-013-2527-6
Title: Evolution of radiocaesium contamination in mushrooms and influence of treatment after collection
Author: O. Daillant, D. Boilley, M. Josset, B. Hettwig, H. W. Fischer
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry September 2013, Volume 297, Issue 3, pp 437-441
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-012-2411-9
Keywords: radiocaesium, contamination, mushrooms, preparation
Abstract: In literature quite a lot of data is available on uptake of radioactive caesium in mushrooms. There is less available on the evolution of concentration in fruitbodies after several years and on “outbound” transfer of radiocaesium from fruitbodies to their direct environment, i.e. dilution according to cooking techniques. The recent event at Fukushima has put the question of radionuclides in food, and the following exposure of consumers, high on the agenda. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) in order to investigate the variation in time of caesium uptake by fungi, analyses of the same species having grown on the same spot at different intervals during the last 25 years have been performed and (2) in terms of radiation protection the most important thing is the activity taken in by the consumer and not the contamination of raw products. Preparation can have a great impact on activity concentration. Various species of mushrooms frequently eaten have been sampled in Europe and contaminated areas in Japan. Different preparation techniques that can break the walls of the hyphae (drying, deepfreezing etc.) have been applied as well as different treatments: boiling or macerating in water with salt, in acid and basic media. The pH of different media was adjusted and measured. The samples and the medium were analysed separately in gamma spectrometry.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-012-2411-9
Title: Monitoring of Radioactive Substances in Foods Distributed in Kyoto, Japan (1991–2011)—Comparison of Detection Rates and Concentrations before and after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident—
Author: Yukinori BANNO, Mikio NAMIKAWA, Mariko MIWA, Soichirou BAN, Taichi ORITO, Shunsuke SEMURA, Masahiro KAWAKAMI, Naoya DOI, Shiro MIYAKE, Yasuhiro ISHIKAWA
Reference: Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi), Vol. 54 (2013) No. 3 p. 178-187
Doi:http: http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.54.178
Keywords: Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident, radioactive substance, radioactive iodine, radioactive cesium
Abstract: Since the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident, radioactive substances have been continually monitored in foods collected in the city of Kyoto, Japan. The importance of the monitoring was increased by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. Here, the detection rates and concentrations of radioactive substances were compared among food samples collected before and after the accident in Fukushima prefecture.
ＵＲＬ：https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/shokueishi/54/3/54_178/_article/-char/ja/
Title: Consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services
Author: Henrik von Wehrden, Joern Fischer, Patric Brandt, Viktoria Wagner, Klaus Kümmerer, Tobias Kuemmerle, Anne Nagel, Oliver Olsson, Patrick Hostert
Reference: Conservation Letters, Volume 5, Issue 2, pages 81–89, April 2012
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00217.x
Keywords: Caesium; Chernobyl; reactor meltdown; nuclear energy; radiation
Abstract: Nuclear energy is a potential solution to electricity demand but also entails risks. Policy debates on nuclear accidents have focused primarily on negative impacts on humans. Although such impacts are important, we argue that policy debates must also consider the consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. We reviewed 521 studies conducted after the Chernobyl accident, the most severe nuclear accident in history. Elevated radiation levels have been recorded among a diversity of species, even up to thousands of kilometers away from the meltdown site, and after more than two decades following the accident. Close to the reactor, physiological and morphological changes have occurred. Negative effects on ecosystem services have been observed, including the contamination of water, soils, and wild food supplies. Informed policy decisions on nuclear energy require a greater understanding of the consequences of accidents, including effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Based on our review, we recommend to (1) fully incorporate risks for biodiversity and ecosystem services into policy debates; (2) develop a coherent information chain regarding such risks; (3) use proactive planning strategies to be prepared for potential accidents; and (4) develop a coherent research agenda on the consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services.
ＵＲＬ：onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00217.x/abstract
Title: A Study on the Prefectural Distribution of Radioactive Cesium Concentrations in Dried Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) Produced in Japan
Author: Masami SHIMIZU, Ikuro ANZAI, Masahiro FUKUSHI, Yoshiyuki NYUUI
Reference: RADIOISOTOPES, Vol. 46 (1997) No. 5 P 272-280
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.46.272
Keywords: radioactive cesium, dried Lentinula edodes (Shiitake), regional distribution, Japanese product
Abstract: After the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, relatively high radioactive cesium levels were detected in various mushrooms produced in many countries. Mushrooms have a high transfer factor, showing a relatively high uptake of cesium from wood and soil in which they grow. In the present investigation, we analyzed radioactive cesium concentrations contained in the dried Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) produced in various prefectures all over Japan, and examined the effectiveness of this mushroom as an indicator of radioactive contamination of environment due to nuclear explosion tests and Chernobyl power plant accident.
ＵＲＬ：https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/radioisotopes1952/46/5/46_5_272/_article
Title: Radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) content in human placenta after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
Author: Makoto Suzuki, Hiroshi Terada, Nobuya Unno, Ichiro Yamaguchi, Naoki Kunugita, Hisanori Minakami
Reference: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2 JUL 2013
DOI: 10.1111/jog.12071
Keywords: cesium;human placenta;nuclear power plant accident
Abstract: The degree of contamination with radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) in the human placenta after the accident at Fukushima nuclear power plant (FNP), which occurred on 11 March 2011, has not been assessed. Material and Methods:134Cs and 137Cs contents were determined in 10 placentas from 10 women who gave birth to term singleton infants during the period between October 2011 and August 2012 using high-purity germanium detectors for gamma ray spectrometry. Five women resided within 50 km of FNP (neighbor group) and gave birth by the end of February 2012, while the other five women resided within 210–290 km of FNP (distant group) and gave birth in July and August 2012.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jog.12071/abstract
Title: Some features of radio-cesium’s behavior in ecosystems of the Kaluga region
Author: Kokoreva, Valentina Viktorovna
Reference: Kaluga, 2007
Keywords: ecosystem, radiocesium, bio-absorption, Kaluga region
Abstract: The aim of the thesis was to study the characteristics of the behavior of radioactive cesium in a variety of natural and man-made ecosystems in Kaluga region during the period of 1992 to 2006.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/nekotorye-osobennosti-povedeniya-radiotseziya-v-ekosistemakh-kaluzhskoi-oblasti
Title: Radio-ecological justification of long-term forecasting of radiation environment on agricultural land in the event of a major nuclear accidents, for example: Chernobyl NPP accident
Author: Ivanov, Uriy Alexandrovich
Reference: Kiev, 1997
Keywords: ecosystem, radiocesium, farmland, forecasting
Abstract: The purpose and objectives of research. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the basic laws of biologically significant behavior of radionuclides release in Chernobyl NPP (137Cs, 90Sr and 239’240Pu) into soils of Ukraine affected by radioactive contamination, assessment of the specific features significance of the post-accident situation (heterogeneity of soil’s surface and the characteristics of territory’s radioactive contamination, multiplicity of radioactive fallout forms, marked mottling of radioactive contamination of the territory) the intensity of radionuclides’ inclusion in biogeochemical chain migration and specificity of radiation exposure doses formation, long-term prognosis of radionuclides redistribution, released into the components of soil and vegetation layer/surface.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/radioekologicheskoe-obosnovanie-dolgosrochnogo-prognozirovaniya-radiatsionnoi-obstanovki-na-
Title: 137Cs distribution among annual rings of different tree species contaminated after the Chernobyl accident
Author: N.V Soukhova, S.V Fesenko, D Klein, S.I Spiridonov, N.I Sanzharova, P.M Badot
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 65, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 19-28
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00061-9
Keywords: Chernobyl; Radioactivity; Radionuclides; Betula pendula; Pinus sylvestris; Radiocaesium; Tree rings; Radial distribution
Abstract: The distributions of 137Cs among annual rings of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula at four experimental sites located in the most contaminated areas in the Russian territory after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 were studied. Trees of different ages were sampled from four forest sites with different tree compositions and soil properties. The data analysis shows that 137Cs is very mobile in wood and the 1986 rings do not show the highest contamination. The difference between pine and birch in the pattern of radial 137Cs distribution can be satisfactorily explained by the difference in radial ray composition. 137Cs radial distribution in the wood can be described as the sum of two exponential functions for both species. The function parameters are height, age and species dependent. The distribution of 137Cs in birch wood reveals much more pronounced dependence on site characteristics and/or the age of trees than pines. The data obtained can be used to assess 137Cs content in wood.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X07000252
Title: Distribution of pre- and post-Chernobyl radiocaesium with particle size fractions of soils
Author: Pasquale Spezzano
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 83, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 117-127
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.02.002
Keywords: Chernobyl fallout; Weapons fallout; Soil; Radiocaesium; Particle size distribution
Abstract: The association of radiocaesium with particle size fractions separated by sieving and settling from soils sampled eight years after the Chernobyl accident has been determined. The three size fractions were: 63 μm. 137Cs in the soil samples was associated essentially with the finer size fractions, which generally showed specific activities 3–5 times higher than the bulk samples.
Activity ratios of 134Cs/137Cs in the clay-sized fractions appear to be lower with respect to the corresponding values in bulk soil samples. This result indicates that some differences still exists in the particle size distribution between 137Cs originating from nuclear weapons, which has been in the soil for decades after fallout, and 137Cs coming from the Chernobyl accident, eight years after the deposition event. This behaviour could be related to “ageing” processes of radiocaesium in soils.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X05000548
