タグ「radionuclides」
Author: Spiridonov S.I., Aleksakhin R.M., Fesenko S.V., Sanzharova N.I.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2007
doi:10.1134/S0869803107020099
Keywords: migration of radionuclides, effects on biota, ecosystem, public exposure
Abstract: Describes the basic system of migration of radionuclides in the environment, assessing the scale of effects of radiation on the biota. Evaluates the significance of the consequences of radioactive contamination on natural ecosystems in terms of the formation of public exposure.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9495348
Title: The usage of bioavailability data of radionuclides in highly radioactive soil of Savannah River to evaluate the effectiveness of doses from ingestion of Chernobyl soil
Author: Chang O.U, Ellickson Christie M.
Reference: Problems of Risk Analysis, Volume: 3 Number: 2 Year: 2006 Pages: 145-161
ISSN: 1812-5220
Keywords: Cesium-137, strontium-90, soil, bioavailability, dose, evaluation, Savannah River, Chernobyl
Abstract: A method for assessment of oral bioavailability of radionuclides in highly radioactive soil was developed, a bioavailability of 137Cs and 90Sr was measured.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=16368070
Title: Formation of radioactive contamination of the environment and especially its radionuclide content after nuclear explosions and the Chernobyl accident
Author: Stukin, Evgeny Danilovich
Reference: Moscow, 2001
Keywords: radionuclides, Agrometeorology
Abstract: The main purpose of this paper is direct synthesis and making sense of experimental data on radionuclide composition of the radioactive contamination of the atmosphere, land surface and geological structures, obtained in the last 40 years after major accidents and nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, on land and under the ground.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/formirovanie-radioaktivnogo-zagryazneniya-okruzhayushchei-sredy-i-osobennosti-ego-radionukli
Title: The spatial variability of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs inventories in a small agricultural drainage basin in central Russia
Author: V.N. Golosov, D.E. Walling, A.V. Panin, E.D. Stukin, E.V. Kvasnikova, N.N. Ivanova
Reference: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 51, Issue 3, September 1999, Pages 341-352
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8043(99)00050-0
Keywords: Chernobyl; Radionuclides; Fallout; Caesium-137; Post-fallout redistribution
Abstract: Little information currently exists regarding the small-scale spatial variability of Chernobyl radiocaesium fallout and associated inventories. This contribution reports the results of a study of the variability of inventories within the 2.18-km2 Lapki balka catchment located near Tula in central Russia. The local area was characterized by inventories in excess of 200 kBq m−2 immediately after the Chernobyl accident and pre-existing bomb-derived inventories can be ignored in view of their very low magnitude. Field sampling and measurements included both collection of soil cores for subsequent laboratory analysis and in situ field measurements using a CORAD portable detector. The results obtained show evidence of a systematic south–north increase in the reference inventory across the basin, which must be taken into account when interpreting subsequent radiocaesium redistribution within the basin. Random spatial variability of inventories of a similar magnitude to that reported for bomb-derived fallout was also documented. The extent of random spatial variability varied between different geomorphological units. Maximum variability, with coefficients of variation up to 20%,was associated with areas of sediment accumulation within the balka bottoms. Substantial variability (cv. typically ca. 15%) was found within flat cultivated areas and undisturbed areas both on the interfluves and on the balka sides, all of which could serve as reference sites. Minimum variability (cv. typically ca. 12%) was associated with the cultivated slopes with no evidence of sediment accumulation.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804399000500
Title: 137Cs distribution among annual rings of different tree species contaminated after the Chernobyl accident
Author: N.V Soukhova, S.V Fesenko, D Klein, S.I Spiridonov, N.I Sanzharova, P.M Badot
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 65, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 19-28
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00061-9
Keywords: Chernobyl; Radioactivity; Radionuclides; Betula pendula; Pinus sylvestris; Radiocaesium; Tree rings; Radial distribution
Abstract: The distributions of 137Cs among annual rings of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula at four experimental sites located in the most contaminated areas in the Russian territory after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 were studied. Trees of different ages were sampled from four forest sites with different tree compositions and soil properties. The data analysis shows that 137Cs is very mobile in wood and the 1986 rings do not show the highest contamination. The difference between pine and birch in the pattern of radial 137Cs distribution can be satisfactorily explained by the difference in radial ray composition. 137Cs radial distribution in the wood can be described as the sum of two exponential functions for both species. The function parameters are height, age and species dependent. The distribution of 137Cs in birch wood reveals much more pronounced dependence on site characteristics and/or the age of trees than pines. The data obtained can be used to assess 137Cs content in wood.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X07000252
Title: Method for Removing Radionuclides from Soils, Patent RU 2388084 (2008)
Author: Dmitriev S.A., Barinov A.S., Kuptsov V.M.
Reference: State Unitary Enterprise MosNPO Radon, 2010
Keywords: patent, decontamination, sandy soils, radionuclides
Abstract: The possibilities of reagent treatment of the finely dispersed (
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18536553
URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/238/2388085.html (patent)
Title: Migration ability of radionuclides in soil-vegetation cover of Belarus after Chernobyl accident
Author: G.A. Sokolik, T.G. Ivanova, S.L. Leinova, S.V. Ovsiannikova, I.M. Kimlenko
Reference: Environment International, Volume 26, Issue 3, January 2001, Pages 183-187
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(00)00104-5
Keywords: Radionuclides; Cesium-137; Strontium-90; Plutonium-239, 240; Americium-241; “hot” particles; Physicochemical State; Chernobyl accident; Migration parameters; Biological accessibility
Abstract: This paper illustrates the experimental experience achieved in the research of the self-restoration of radioactive-contaminated natural ecosystems. The main directions of studies were: the content and geochemical stability of “hot” particles in radioactive fallout from Chernobyl accident; the physicochemical forms (water-soluble, exchangeable, mobile and fixed) of Cs-137, Sr-90, Pu-239, 240 and Am-241 in the wide varieties of soils; the biological accessibility of radionuclides and their contents in soil pore solutions; and the dynamics and migration parameters of radionuclides vertical redistribution in different landscape conditions.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412000001045
Title: α-Particle track investigation of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident region soil samples
Author: L.L. Kashkarov, G.V. Kalinina, V.P. Perelygin
Reference: Radiation Measurements, Volume 36, Issues 1–6, June 2003, Pages 529-532
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00199-9
Keywords: α Tracks; CZ plastic track detector; Highly-radioactive “hot” particles; Chernobyl accident region; Radio-nuclide soil contamination
Abstract: Results of α-particle track studies (Radiat. Meas. 25(1–4) (1995) 413; Radionuclides and Heavy metals in Environment, Vol. 5, 2001, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht) indicate that the surface layer of the soil in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident region consists of thinly dispersed radionuclides and highly-radioactive “hot” particles (HPs). The latter contain nearly 2/3rds of the total α-activity of the contaminated soil. In the present report, the new results of continued HP α-activity characteristics are presented. The chief attempt made was to investigate size–frequency vs. α-activity distribution of HPs of size fraction ⩽10– . For the Hp-aggregates with ∼100– sizes, α-radio-nuclide heterogeneity was established. This is probably the result of formation of HP-aggregates during the second stage of the NPP accident process: in these HPs the presence of not only U and fission products of “fuel” origin has been revealed, but also of terrestrial matter components.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448703001999
Title: Chemical forms of γ-emitting radionuclides in soils adjacent to the Chernobyl NPP
Author: A.L. Kliashtorin, A.I. Shcheglov, F.A. Tikhomirov
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 164, Issue 3, 30 March 1995, Pages 177-184
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04464-C
Keywords: Radionuclides; Chernobyl NPP; Caesium; Soils
Abstract: Samples of sandy forest soils, meadow sandy-peat soil and meadow sandy-loam soil were taken at different sites within a 30-km zone around the Chernobyl NPP (ChNPP). The samples were extracted with water and a 0.1-N solution of ammonium acetate. The extracts were measured for γ-radionuclides and stable cation content. The content of all mobile forms of the radionuclides present in the 0–10-cm soil layer accounts for 0.5-5% of the total radionuclide content in this layer, depending on the type of radionuclide and soil. Water soluble forms of the radionuclides were found in the 0–5-cm layer only. Exchangable radionuclide forms were represented, as a rule, by radiocaesium in both the 0–5- and 5–10-cm layers. Content of Cs-137 exchangeable forms in the organic-mineral horizon were roughly inversely proportional to the sum of stable exchangeable cations and organic matter content. Forest vegetation takes up a significant share of the mobile forms of radiocaesium from the soils.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/004896979504464C
Title: Nuclear weapon and Chernobyl debris in the troposphere and lower stratosphere
Author: Ludwika Kownacka, Zbigniew Jaworowski
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 144, Issues 1–3, 29 April 1994, Pages 201-215
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90439-1
Keywords: Radionuclides; Troposphere; Stratosphere; Nuclear tests; Chernobyl
Abstract: High altitude aircraft sampling of aerosols has been carried out at 4–7 levels up to 15 km over Poland. From 1973 to 1991 a total of 102 vertical concentration profiles of 90Sr, 134Cs and 137Cs, and 83 profiles of 144Ce were determined. One year after the sub-megaton nuclear test in 1980, 137Cs was almost completely removed from the stratosphere. The Chernobyl debris was found in the stratosphere from the third day after the accident until the end of 1991. In May 1986 the concentration of 134Cs and 137Cs at stratospheric altitudes reached about 0.5% of that between the ground level and 3 km. Residence times of Chernobyl radiocesium in the lower stratosphere systematically increased between 1987 and 1991, in variance with those of the debris from nuclear tests. The vertical concentration profiles and the long residence times of radiocesium indicate that the non-violent meteorological processes were transporting the Chernobyl debris into the lower stratosphere, immediately and long after the accident. We postulate that the same quiescent processes transport vast amounts of resuspended particulate organics from the surface of land and sea into high altitudes, and may thus bear on the chemistry of the stratosphere.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969794904391
