The health of children born to parents in families, irradiated by the Chernobyl accident

Title: The health of children born to parents in families, irradiated by the Chernobyl accident

Author: Korebev N.M.,　Borisko　G.A.,　Kashina-Yarmak　V.L.

Reference: Journal “Child health” 6 (41) 2012

doi:

Keywords: children, liquidators of Chernobyl disaster, health status.

Abstract: Objective: to study the latte effects of radiation disaster in Chernobyl for children population. Results and discussion. There were obtained certain data on health state of children from families of fathers — liquidators of Chernobyl disaster, and descendants of parents which were irradiated at early age, as compared to age-matched children without radiation anamnesis. In all children suffered from Chernobyl disaster there was detected higher level of pathologic prevalence. In descendants of subjects, which were exposed to radiation in reproductive age, from the period of senior preschool age to majority in structure of general pathologic prevalence there was increased the part of chronic diseases of digestive and respiratory organs, neuroendocrine obesity, diencephalic syndrome, gynecomastia; there are observed: early signs of heart failure development, reduction of effort tolerance, increase of rate of vegetative dysfunction secondary to increased anxiety, and features of social development of this cohort. Conclusion. There were separated high-risk groups among sufferers, the guidelines regarding preventive medicine measures under the condition of pediatric and therapeutic network were grounded.

URL: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/34736

Prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident residing in the Kharkov region

Author: E.V. Gorbacheva

Reference: Международный эндокринологический журнал (International Journal of Endocrinology) 1 (33) 2011

Keywords: diabet, liquidators

Abstract: studying, in 1990 to 2009, level of incidence of diabetes among liquidators of the Chernobyl accident residing in Kharkov, its increase was revealed to be 6 times the level of the whole population of the city, while the incidence of diabetic retinopathy among the liquidators also showed an increase of 1.8 times. Aim of the current research is to analyze the effect of ionizig radiation, age, and time of being under the influence of risks to the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in the cohort of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident.

URL: http://www.mif–ua.com/archive/article/15762

Efficiency of bio-indicators for low-level radiation under field conditions

Title: Efficiency of bio-indicators for low-level radiation under field conditions

Author: Anders Pape Møller, Timothy A. Mousseau

Ссылка: Ecological Indicators, Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2011, Pages 424–430

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.06.013

Keywords: Bio-indicators; Chernobyl; Low-level radiation; Radiation; Radioactive contamination

Abstract: Relatively little is known about biological consequences of natural variation in background radiation, and variation in exposure due to nuclear accidents, or even the long term consequences to human health stemming from the over-use of nuclear medicine and imaging technologies (i.e. CAT scans). This realization emphasizes the need for assessment and quantification of biological effects of radiation on living organisms. Here we report the results of an environmental analysis based on extensive censuses of abundance of nine animal taxa (spiders, dragonflies, grasshoppers, bumblebees, butterflies, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) around Chernobyl in Ukraine and Belarus during 2006–2009. Background levels of radiation explained 1.5–26.5% of the variance in abundance of these nine taxa, birds and mammals having the strongest effects, accounting for a difference of a factor 18 among taxa. These effects were retained in analyses that accounted for potentially confounding effects. Effect size estimated as the amount of variance in abundance explained by background level of radiation was highly consistent among years, with weaker effects in years with low density. Effect sizes were greater in taxa with longer natal dispersal distances and in taxa with higher population density. These results are consistent with the hypotheses that costs of dispersal (i.e. survival) were accentuated under conditions of radioactive contamination, or that high density allowed detection of radiation effects. This suggests that standard breeding bird censuses can be used as an informative bio-indicator for the effects of radiation on abundance of animals.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X10001172

Consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services

Title: Consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services

Author: Henrik von Wehrden, Joern Fischer, Patric Brandt, Viktoria Wagner, Klaus Kümmerer, Tobias Kuemmerle, Anne Nagel, Oliver Olsson, Patrick Hostert

Reference: Conservation Letters, Volume 5, Issue 2, pages 81–89, April 2012

DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00217.x

Keywords: Caesium; Chernobyl; reactor meltdown; nuclear energy; radiation

Abstract: Nuclear energy is a potential solution to electricity demand but also entails risks. Policy debates on nuclear accidents have focused primarily on negative impacts on humans. Although such impacts are important, we argue that policy debates must also consider the consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem services. We reviewed 521 studies conducted after the Chernobyl accident, the most severe nuclear accident in history. Elevated radiation levels have been recorded among a diversity of species, even up to thousands of kilometers away from the meltdown site, and after more than two decades following the accident. Close to the reactor, physiological and morphological changes have occurred. Negative effects on ecosystem services have been observed, including the contamination of water, soils, and wild food supplies. Informed policy decisions on nuclear energy require a greater understanding of the consequences of accidents, including effects on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Based on our review, we recommend to (1) fully incorporate risks for biodiversity and ecosystem services into policy debates; (2) develop a coherent information chain regarding such risks; (3) use proactive planning strategies to be prepared for potential accidents; and (4) develop a coherent research agenda on the consequences of nuclear accidents for biodiversity and ecosystem services.

ＵＲＬ：onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1755-263X.2011.00217.x/abstract

A study of the staff, working in the Chernobyl zone, and residents of Slavutych (Ukraine) to identify the effects of radiation exposure from the Chernobyl fallout

Title: A study of the staff, working in the Chernobyl zone, and residents of Slavutych (Ukraine) to identify the effects of radiation exposure from the Chernobyl fallout

Author: Brenda J. Rogers and Laura K. Baker

Reference: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University

Keywords:

Abstract: In October 1999, a research of the following four groups was conducted: 1) the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident (which were directly involved in the work on decontamination), 2) Ukrainian scientists who conducted research in the 30-km exclusion zone, and 3) U.S. scientists who worked in the exclusion zone, and 4) residents of Slavutich (Ukraine), who weren’t affected due to their profession from the Chernobyl fallout.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/chornobyl/rus_radiation_workers.htm

Treatment of vascular disease in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident with type-2diabetes

Author: E.V. Gorbacheva, L.K. Orlova, I.V. Katarzhnova, A.A. Kalyuzhka

Reference:  Международный эндокринологический журнал (International Journal of Endocrinology)  2 (34) 2011

Keywords: Diabetic retinopathy, liquidators, sermion

Abstract: The results indicate the efficiency of including sermion in the complex therapy of the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident with diabetes mellitus. The inclusion of sermion contribute to the improvement of functional and electrophysiological parameters of the organ of vision and the stabilization of pathological process in the retina in 80% of patients with diabetic retinopathy

URL: http://www.mif-ua.com/archive/article/16763

Chromosomal aberration analysis in peripheral lymphocytes of radiation workers

Title: Chromosomal aberration analysis in peripheral lymphocytes of radiation workers

Author: Abbas N. Balasem, Abdul-Sahib K. Ali, Hashim S. Mosa, Khattab O. Hussain

Reference: Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects, Volume 271, Issue 3, June 1992, Pages 209–211

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(92)90015-E

Keywords: Chromosomal aberrations; Biological dosimetry; Cytogenetics; Lymphocytes

Abstract: Chromosomal aberration analyses were performed in two groups of radiation workers and in a group of healthy controls. Although the level of exposure was below the accepted annual limit of 50 mSv, the yields of chromosome fragments and of total aberrations were significantly higher in the radiation workers than in the controls. However, the frequencies of dicentric and ring chromosomes in the radiation workers were not significantly different from those in the control

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016511619290015E

Cytogenetic study on children living in Southern Urals contaminated areas (nuclear incidents 1948–1967)

Title: Cytogenetic study on children living in Southern Urals contaminated areas (nuclear incidents 1948–1967)

Author: A Testa, L Padovani, F Mauro, M Appolloni, P Anzidei, L Stronati

Reference: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 401, Issues 1–2, 5 June 1998, Pages 193–197

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(98)00008-6

Keywords: Southern Urals; Radiation exposure; Cytogenetics; Chromosome aberration

Abstract: As a result of the activities of the first Soviet plutonium production reactor, large territories of the Southern Urals were exposed to radioactive contamination. Three different incidents occurring between 1948 and 1967 lead to major exposure. A total of 280,000 people residing on the contaminated territories were exposed both to external and internal contamination particularly due to the long-lived radionuclides ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr. The highest doses were received by 28,000 people living on the Techa riverside villages. In the present paper 15 presumably exposed children coming from the Muslyumovo village on the Techa river have been analyzed using conventional cytogenetic procedure in order to assess a radiation-induced damage. The data obtained have been compared to a group of matched unexposed controls. The results show a statistical difference between the two cohorts which suggests a possible residual contamination representing a continuous hazard for the new generations.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0027510798000086

An increased frequency of structural chromosome aberrations in persons present in the vicinity of Chernobyl during and after the reactor accident. Is this effect caused by radiation exposure?

Title: An increased frequency of structural chromosome aberrations in persons present in the vicinity of Chernobyl during and after the reactor accident. Is this effect caused by radiation exposure?

Author: G. Stephan, U. Oestreicher

Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, Volume 223, Issue 1, May 1989, Pages 7–12

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(89)90057-8

Keywords: Chernobyl; Chromosome aberration; Human; Radiation effect

Abstract: About a week after the reactor accident in Chernobyl, a number of German citizens returned to the Federal Republic of Germany from different places of residence in the U.S.S.R. Chromosome analyses of these individuals show a surprisingly significant increase in dicentric chromosomes in comparison to the laboratory control. Acentrics are nearly twice as frequent as dicentrics. Centric rings are also in evidence. Chromatid breaks do not significantly differ from the control with the exception of 1 place of residence.

The frequency of aberrations is too high to be induced by absorbed doses calculated physically or by modelling techniques. So far, no explanation is available for the discrepancy – a factor of about 100 – between calculated absorbed doses and the measured biological effect.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165121889900578

The effect on lymphocyte chromosomes of additional radiation burden due to fallout in Salzburg (Austria) from the Chernobyl accident

Title: The effect on lymphocyte chromosomes of additional radiation burden due to fallout in Salzburg (Austria) from the Chernobyl accident

Author: J. Pohl-Rüling, O. Haas, A. Brogger, G. Obe, H. Lettner, F. Daschil, C. Atzmüller, D. Lloyd, R. Kubiak, A.T. Natarajan

Reference: Mutation Research Letters, Volume 262, Issue 3, March 1991, Pages 209–217

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(91)90024-X

Keywords: Chromosome aberration; Chernobyl fallout; Radiation burden

Abstract: An investigation has been carried out to determine whether chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes reflect the elevated environmental dose of low-LET ionising radiation, mainly due to radiocesium from Chernobyl fallout, to the population living in Salzburg city. Sixteen volunteers were sampled 1 year after the Chernobyl accident. Two of these persons were also sampled before the accident, and then in 1988 and 1990. The radioactive environment of Salzburg city and the radiation burden of its inhabitants have been frequently determined before and after the accident. The Cs-137 content of the volunteers was measured by whole-body counting.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016579929190024X