Author: GA Gerasimov, D. Figge
Reference: Journal: Clinical and Experimental thyroidologists Year: 2006 Vol: 2 Issue: 2
Abstract: Numerous studies have confirmed that the thyroid gland is one of the most radiation-sensitive organs of the human body, and thyroid cancer is one of the most common tumors induced by radiation. [1] Occurrence of cases of thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl accident itself was no news to the experts, but the huge increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in children in the first years after the accident was, indeed, unexpected: within this period alone, there were more than four thousand cases of thyroid cancer among the children.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/chernobyl-dvadtsat-let-spustya
Author: L. Ross, Chr. Johansen, S.O. Dalton et al.
Reference: The New England Journal of Medicine. ― 2003. ― Vol. 359, № 7. ― P. 650–657.
Keywords: Danish Cancer Registry, somatic disease, cerebral causes, depression
Abstract: BACKGROUND: We investigated whether children and adolescents who survive cancer are at increased risk for psychiatric hospitalization.
METHODS: In a nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study, 3710 persons who survived at least three years after a diagnosis of cancer in childhood or adolescence in the period from 1943 to 1990, and who were alive on January 1, 1970, or were born after that date, were identified in the Danish Cancer Registry. This population was followed up for psychiatric hospitalization from January 1, 1970, through 1993 by linkage with the Danish national Psychiatric Central Register. The number of expected cases was based on the national rates of hospitalization for psychiatric disease.
RESULTS: Among the 3710 survivors of cancer in childhood or adolescence, there was a total of 88 psychiatric hospitalizations. The risk of hospitalization for any psychiatric disease was higher among the survivors than in the general population, but the excess risk was restricted to survivors of brain tumor (the standardized hospitalization ratio [SHR], corresponding to the ratio of observed to expected cases of hospitalization for psychiatric disease, was 1.8; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 2.2). An increased risk of psychoses of somatic, cerebral causes (SHR, 7.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.1 to 13.2), psychiatric disorders in somatic disease (SHR, 5.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.5 to 9.1), and schizophrenia and related disorders (SHR, 2.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.2 to 4.4) was observed among survivors of brain tumor. There was no evidence of a significantly increased risk of major depression.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of hospitalization for a psychiatric disorder is not increased among survivors of cancer in childhood or adolescence, except among survivors of brain tumor.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12917301
Author: A.I. Nyagu, K.N. Loganovsky, K.L. Yuryev, L.L. Zdorenko
Reference: International Journal of Radiation Medicine. — 1999. — Vol. 2, № 2. — P. 3–24.
Reference: Радиация и риск (Radiation and Risk) (Бюллетень Национального радиационно-эпидемиологического регистра) 2006 Том: 15 Номер выпуска: 1-2
Abstract: Avdeenko U.P.: Morphological characteristics of the thyroid gland of the adult population of St. Petersburg. dissert.. Candidate of medical sciences. St. Petersburg, 2003.
Averianova M.Yu., Strongin, L.G., Izmailov S.G., Averianov Yu.A.: Thyroid disease (diagnosis, clinical features, treatment). Nizhny Novgorod, 2002. 96.
Adoshina K.P.: Features of disability, medico-social assessment and rehabilitation of the liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. dissert. Candidate of medical sciences. St. Petersburg, 2003. 22с. …
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/postupleniya-v-bibliograficheskuyu-informatsionnuyu-bazu-mrnts-ramn-chernobyl-v-2004-godu
Reference: Радиация и риск (Radiation and Risk) (Бюллетень Национального радиационно-эпидемиологического регистра) 2002 Номер выпуска: 13
Abashova E.V.: Children’s health in the area of accomodation of NPP: dissert. cand.med.sci.
Abrosimov A.Yu., Il’in A.A., Rumyantsev P.O., Severskaya N.V., Dvinskikh N.Yu., Terent’yev R.O.: Clinic-morphological characteristics of follicular thyroid tumors in young people living in the contaminated areas / Problems of Endocrinology.
Abugova M.A.: Change of threshold of pain sensitivity in patients with depersonalization, depending on the effect of therapy / / Social and Clinical Psychiatry. – 2001. – № 3. – S. 14-17.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/postupleniya-v-bibliograficheskuyu-bazu-dannyh-mrnts-ramn-chernobyl-v-2001-godu
Author: H. Hamid, R. Gross, S. Harlap et al.
Reference: submitted to the Int. Rad. Biol. — 2010.
Author: Pall M.L.
Reference: Med. Hypotheses. — 2008. — Vol. 71, № 4. — P. 537–541.
Keywords: CFS, oxide/peroxynitrite (NO/ONOO-) cycle
Abstract: Post-radiation syndrome is proposed to be chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or a chronic fatigue syndrome-like illness, initiated by exposure to ionizing radiation. This view is supported by the nitric oxide/peroxynitrite (NO/ONOO-) cycle mechanism, the putative etiologic mechanism for CFS and related illnesses. Ionizing radiation may initiate illness by increasing nitric oxide levels via increased activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and consequent increased synthesis of the inducible nitric oxide synthase. Two types of components of the nitric oxide/peroxynitrite cycle have been studied in post-radiation syndrome patients and shown to be elevated. The symptoms and signs of post-radiation syndrome and its chronicity are similar or identical to those of chronic fatigue syndrome and can be explained as being a consequence of nitric oxide/peroxynitrite cycle etiology. While the data available to test this view are limited, it provides for the first time a comprehensive explanation for post-radiation syndrome.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18667279
Author: Otake M., Schull W.J., Lee S.
Reference: Int. J. Radiat. Biol. — 1996. — Vol.70, № 6. — P. 755–763.
Keywords: 8th-25th week after ovulation, mental effects
Abstract: Significant effects on the developing human brain of exposure to ionizing radiation are seen among individuals exposed in the 8th-25th week after ovulation. These effects, particularly in the highly vulnerable period of 8-15 weeks after ovulation, manifest themselves most dramatically as an increased frequency of severe mental retardation. However, the distribution of cases of severe mental retardation suggests a threshold in the low-dose region. The 95% lower bound of the threshold in those survivors exposed 8-15 weeks after ovulation was zero for the individual data based on the simple linear model, and 0.15 Gy based on the exponential linear model used in our previous report (1987), but the 95% lower bound of the threshold based on all of the data including 21 additional cases with known doses appears to be 0.05 Gy using the maximum likelihood estimates derived from an exponential-linear model. The latter model was selected because it provides the best fit from the standpoint of the stableness and reasonableness of the estimates among the five models applied to the data. When two probably non-radiation-related cases of Down’s syndrome are excluded from the 19 mentally retarded cases exposed 8-15 weeks post ovulation, the 95% lower bound of the threshold is in the range of 0.15-0.25 Gy based on the exponential-linear model used in 1987, but is in the range of 0.06-0.31 Gy when the more reasonable and better model applied here is used. For exposure in the 16-25-week period based on the same model, the 95% lower bound of the threshold changed from 0.25 to 0.28 Gy, both with and without inclusion of the two probable non-radiation-related mentally retarded cases; one of these cases was probably familial in origin since there was a retarded sibling, and the other due to infection, since the individual had Japanese B encephalitis at age 4 years.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8980673
Author: M. Mancuso, E. Pasquali et al.
Reference: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ― 2008. ― Vol. 105, № 34. ― P. 12445–12450
Keywords: DNA, bystander cells, direct and indirect effects of radiation
Abstract: The central dogma of radiation biology, that biological effects of ionizing radiation are a direct consequence of DNA damage occurring in irradiated cells, has been challenged by observations that genetic/epigenetic changes occur in unexposed “bystander cells” neighboring directly-hit cells, due to cell-to-cell communication or soluble factors released by irradiated cells. To date, the vast majority of these effects are described in cell-culture systems, while in vivo validation and assessment of biological consequences within an organism remain uncertain. Here, we describe the neonatal mouse cerebellum as an accurate in vivo model to detect, quantify, and mechanistically dissect radiation-bystander responses. DNA double-strand breaks and apoptotic cell death were induced in bystander cerebellum in vivo. Accompanying these genetic events, we report bystander-related tumor induction in cerebellum of radiosensitive Patched-1 (Ptch1) heterozygous mice after x-ray exposure of the remainder of the body. We further show that genetic damage is a critical component of in vivo oncogenic bystander responses, and provide evidence supporting the role of gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in transmission of bystander signals in the central nervous system (CNS). These results represent the first proof-of-principle that bystander effects are factual in vivo events with carcinogenic potential, and implicate the need for re-evaluation of approaches currently used to estimate radiation-associated health risks.
URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/105/34/12445
Author: Nyagu A.I., Loganovsky K.N., Yuryev K.L.
Reference: Follow-up of delayed health consequences of acute accidental radiation exposure. Lessons to be learned from their medical management. — IAEA-TECDOC-1300, IAEA, WHO. — Vienna: IAEA, 2002. — P. 27–47.
