タグ「Iodine-131」
Title: Nuclear Energy and Human Health
Author: Lyman, E.S.
Reference: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Jan 2011
ISBN:9780444522726
Keywords: Acute radiation syndrome; BEIR VII; Cancer; Cesium-137; Chernobyl; Containment; Emergency planning zone; Evacuation; Iodine-131; Light-water reactor; Potassium iodide; Sabotage; Severe accident; Source term; Spent fuel
Abstract: The environmental health impacts of nuclear power remain highly controversial. Although nuclear energy could have a role to play in mitigating the profound global environmental and health impacts of climate change, it also poses risks that could have long-lasting worldwide consequences. A catastrophic radiological release at a nuclear power plant, resulting from either an accident or sabotage, could cause significant numbers of human illnesses and fatalities and extensive radiological contamination over a vast area. Yet great uncertainties remain in the technical understanding of such events, providing room for a wide range of views on the magnitude and severity of these risks. A better quantitative understanding of the risks of nuclear energy, how they are distributed across geographic and socioeconomic strata, and whether they can be reduced to an acceptable level at a reasonable cost should play an essential role in development of a rational low-carbon energy policy. This article reviews information about the potential human health consequences of severe accidents at nuclear power plants and irradiated fuel storage facilities and discusses some of the uncertainties in these analyses.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444522726001859
Title: Distribution of childhood thyroid dose among cohort members for epidemiological health study in the Bryansk region
Author: Konstantinov, Yuri O. / Bruk, Gennadi Y. / Ershov, Eduard B. / Lebedev, Oleg V.
Reference: International Congress Series, 1234, p.307-319, May 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00620-3
Keywords: Chernobyl; Dosimetry; Iodine-131; Thyroid
Abstract: With the aim of carrying out a long-term medical follow-up with radiation dose reconstruction, a cohort of subjects was selected among inhabitants of the most contaminated area in Russia following the Chernobyl accident (the western districts of Bryansk region). The cohort is comprised of 1065 subjects who were under 10 years old at the time of the accident. Most of them were examined on health status in the Chernobyl Sasakawa Health and Medical Cooperation Project. Since the main findings of studies in the project were thyroid abnormalities, selection of subjects was conducted on the basis of the plausible estimates of radiation dose to the thyroid. To estimate thyroid doses, the data from direct measurements of 131I in the thyroid and questionnaire data on individual dietary habits in May 1986 were used. Reasonable approximations were applied to reconstruct individual doses from available data, including doses for those persons who had not been measured for thyroidal radioiodine. The distribution of internal radiation dose to the thyroid among cohort members was obtained. The individual doses to particular subjects are estimated with inevitably essential degree of uncertainty. However, the distribution of subjects into wide dose intervals, from under 200 mGy to over 2 Gy, seems to be an acceptable approach for cohort study in radiation epidemiology.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101006203
Title: Validation of environmental transfer models and assessment of the effectiveness of countermeasures using data on 131 I releases from Chernobyl
Author: Krajewski, P. / Ammann, M. / Bartusková, M. / Duffa, C. / Filistovic, V. / Homma, T. / Kanyár, B. / (…) / Zvonova, I.
Reference: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 66 (11), p.1730-1735, Nov 2008
doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.11.022
Keywords: Environmental assessment modelling; Iodine-131; Chernobyl releases; Thyroid doses; Dose reconstruction; Effectiveness of countermeasures
Abstract: …Fig. 7 Predicted 131 I thyroid doses due to ingestion…relation to assessing the thyroid exposure due to 131 I…following the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station…elevated exposures of the thyroid glands of the populations…number of cases of thyroid cancer, particularly in the most…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804308002558
Title: Radiation Exposures Due to the Chernobyl Accident
Author: Balonov, M. / Bouville, A.
Reference: Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Jan 2011
ISBN:9780444522726
Keywords: Background radiation; Cesium-137; Chernobyl accident; Effective dose; Environmental consequences; Environmental transfer; Exposure pathways; External dose; Health consequences; Internal dose; Iodine-131; Radionuclide; Thyroid dose
Abstract: …exposure such as the Chernobyl accident, living…Pathways Related to the Chernobyl Accident…environment, such as the Chernobyl accident, is required…accident was an elevated thyroid cancer incidence in children…
URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444522726000866
Title: Validation of 131 I ecological transfer models and thyroid dose assessments using Chernobyl fallout data from the Plavsk district, Russia
Author: Zvonova, I. / Krajewski, P. / Berkovsky, V. / Ammann, M. / Duffa, C. / Filistovic, V. / Homma, T. / (…) / Webbe-Wood, D.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 101 (1), p.8-15, Jan 2010
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.005
Keywords: Chernobyl accident; Iodine-131; Environment modeling; Models validation; Population; Thyroid dose
Abstract: Within the project “Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety” (EMRAS) organized by the IAEA in 2003 experimental data of 131I measurements following the Chernobyl accident in the Plavsk district of Tula region, Russia were used to validate the calculations of some radioecological transfer models. Nine models participated in the inter-comparison. Levels of 137Cs soil contamination in all the settlements and 131I/137Cs isotopic ratios in the depositions in some locations were used as the main input information. 370 measurements of 131I content in thyroid of townspeople and villagers, and 90 measurements of 131I concentration in milk were used for validation of the model predictions….
URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X09001751
- Title: Iodine-129 in soils from Northern Ukraine and the retrospective dosimetry of the iodine-131 exposure after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Michel, R. / Handl, J. / Ernst, T. / Botsch, W. / Szidat, S. / Schmidt, A. / Jakob, D. / (…) / López-Gutiérrez, J.M.
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, 340 (1-3), p.35-55, Mar 2005
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.08.006
Keywords: Iodine-129; Iodine-131; Accelerator mass spectrometry; Radiochemical neutron activation analysis; Retrospective dosimetry; Radionuclide migration
Abstract: Forty-eight soil profiles down to a depth of 40 cm were taken in Russia and Ukraine in 1995 and 1997, respectively, in order to investigate the feasibility of retrospective dosimetry of the 131I exposure after the Chernobyl accident via the long-lived 129I. The sampling sites covered areas almost not affected by fallout from the Chernobyl accident such as Moscow/Russia and the Zhitomir district in Ukraine as well as the highly contaminated Korosten and Narodici districts in Ukraine.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896970400590X
