Soil-to-mushroom transfer of 137Cs, 40K, alkali–alkaline earth element and heavy metal in forest sites of Izmir, Turkey

Title: Soil-to-mushroom transfer of ¹³⁷Cs, ⁴⁰K, alkali–alkaline earth element and heavy metal in forest sites of Izmir, Turkey

Author: Özlem Karadeniz, Günseli Yaprak

Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , April 2011, Volume 288, Issue 1, pp 261-270

DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0908-7

Keywords: Soil to mushroom transfer, 137Cs, 40K, Alkali–alkaline earth elements, Heavy metals

Abstract: The present work is devoted to an investigation on the soil to mushroom transfer parameters for ¹³⁷Cs and ⁴⁰K radionuclides, as well as for some stable elements and heavy metals. The results of transfer factors for ¹³⁷Cs and ⁴⁰K were within the range of 0.06–3.15 and 0.67–5.68, respectively and the most efficiently transferred radionuclide was ⁴⁰K. The TF values for ¹³⁷Cs typically conformed to a lognormal distribution, while for ⁴⁰K showed normal distribution. Statistically significant correlations between ¹³⁷Cs soil to mushroom transfer factors and agrochemical soil properties have been revealed. Although the concentration ratios varied within the species, the most efficiently transferred elements seems to have been K, followed by Rb, Zn, Cu, Cd, S, Cs and Hg.

ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-010-0908-7

Chemical composition for decontamination of stainless steel surfaces

Author: E.P. Emets, L.A. Mamaev, P.P. Poluetkov,  A.B. Ozolin, V.P. Stelmachuk, S.L. Khrabrov

Reference: Patent, 10.09.2003, Moscow patent holder: All-Russian research institute of inorganic materials named after A.A. Bochvar

Keywords: metal, decontamination, monobath method, nitric acid

Abstract: The invention relates to nuclear technology, namely to decontamination of radioactively contaminated metals. The cleaning composition consists of: nitric acid (15.0~25.0%), sulfamic acid (0.1~4.0%), hydrofluoric acid (0.5~2.0%) and water (the rest). The method allows to implement monobath method of decontamination, in low temperature, which greatly simplifies the technical process, and it reduces the quantity of liquid waste by conducting effective decontamination.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/221/2212073.html

Method of decontamination of metallic surfaces in water, using electric arc discharge

Author: A.P. Vasilyev, M.E. Netecha, B.P. Frolov, G.A. Khacheresov

Reference: Patent, 27.07.2001, Moscow patent holder: State Unitary Enterprise “Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering”

Keywords: metallic surface, decontamination, electric arc discharge, granulation in water

Abstract: The invention relates to nuclear technology and can be applied for decontamination of metallic surfaces of equipment in nuclear power plants. The material, with metallic surface contamination, is placed in a container; Movable electrode, with gap according to the contaminated surface, is installed; Connect the material and the electrode to the terminals of pulse generator. Then water is poured into the gap and the electric arc is ignited. The high temperature, caused by the arc, melts the metallic surface. Under the force of the electro-shock, occurs a quenching of the discharge, wherein the molten metal is ejected out of the hole and granulated in cold water.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/217/2171511.html

Method of treating radiation-contaminated metallic and graphite waste of uranium-graphite nuclear reactors

Author: V.A. Chemezov, R.S. Karimov

Reference: Patent, 24.05.2010, Ekaterinburg patent holder: Sverdlovsk Research Institute of Chemical Engineering

Keywords: treatment, metal, graphite, flux

Abstract: The invention is aimed to be used in nuclear power plants, nuclear industries and points of radioactive waste disposal. The treatment includes loading of the contaminated metallic waste and flux into the furnace, melting of metallic waste and removing of the melt and slag flux from the furnace. Before loading the waste and the flux into the furnace, layer of radioactively contaminated graphite is loaded and it is ignited in oxidizing medium, generated by the plasma of plasma torch furnace. Then, plasma torch is turned off and the fragmented metallic waste is loaded into the furnace, downward, from top to bottom, alternately by each layer.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/243/2435241.html

METHOD FOR PROCESSING METAL WASTE – FURNACE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION

Author: S.V. Podoinitsin, S.I. Bychkov, G.A. Kravchenko, S.G. Bakhvalov, M.G. Vasilyev, B.M. Lapshin

Reference: Patent, 28.09.2001 patent holder: Mining and Chemical Combine (Krasnoyarsk region)

Keywords: metallic waste, decontamination, melting

Abstract: The series of invention relates to the decontamination of metallic materials contaminated by radionuclides. The processing includes melting of the waste beneath the layer, above which there is an intensive recycling flow overheated in gaslift flow of slag. Thus the slag is separated from the melted metal.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/223/2234154.html

Method of decontaminating metal surfaces, using electric arc discharge, with closed water supply cycle

Author: A.P. Vasilyev, M.E. Netecha, B.P. Frolov, G.A. Khacheresov

Reference: Patent, 27.08.2001, Moscow patent holder: State Unitary Enterprise “Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering”

Keywords: metal, decontaminating, electric arc discharge

Abstract: The material1, with contaminated metal surface, is placed into a working receptacle, then a movable electrode2, of gap 0.05~1mm, is set. The material1 and electrode2 are connected to the terminals of a pulse generator　→　desalinated water is supplied into the gap, at a velocity not less than 0,1m/s → electric arc is ignited. High temperature, caused by the electric arc discharge, induces melting of the surface layer of the metal.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/217/2172992.html

Method fro treating metallic materials containing radionuclide uranium and thorium

Author: A.V. Ermakov, V.A. Dmitriev, S.M. Pirogov, V.I. Bogdanov, N.I. Timofeyev, A.A. Kalinovsky, A.N. Konyaev, A.P. Suslov, V.I. Fetisov

Reference: Patent, 20.11.1998 patent holder: Limited Liability Partnership Innovation and Technology Center “Ella”

Keywords: schlich platinum, deactivation, uranium, thorium

Abstract: Usage: deactivation of radionuclide contamination from metallic materials; in detail, removal of uranium and thorium from schlich platinum. It consists of conducting oxidative calcination of contaminated schlich platinum, in air at 1473-1773 K, for 0,50-0,66 h, separating fused oxides of uranium and thorium, depleted radionuclides solid remains being melted in air in the presence of flux.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/212/2122250.html

METHOD FOR REMOVING RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION FROM METAL SURFACES

Author: E.P. Emets, P.P. Poluetkov, V.P. Simonov, S.L. Khrabrov, A.B. Kabanov

Reference: Patent, 10.08.2003, Moscow patent holder: All-Russian research institute of inorganic materials named after A.A. Bochvar

Keywords: metal surface, decontamination

Abstract: The invention relates to nuclear technology, in details, to the removal of radionuclides firmly fixed onto surfaces of metals. The method comprises formation of and easily removable film, after application of the film-forming composition onto the metal surface. The composition consists of water-soluble film former, plasticizer, surfactant and mineral acid.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/221/2210123.html

Method for treatment of radioactive metallic waste – Furnace for its implementation

Author: M.G. Vasilyev, S.G. Bakhvalov, Z.V. Pulikova, N.N. Yegorov, B.M. Lapshin, V.M. Vasilyev

Reference: Patent, 10.05.2000, Krasnoyarsk patent holder: M.G. Vasilyev, S.G. Bakhvalov, Z.V. Pulikova, N.N. Yegorov, B.M. Lapshin, V.M. Vasilyev

Keywords: metallic and liquid waste, exhaust gas

Abstract: Invention for the treatment of metallic and liquid radioactive waste. This method consists of melting the metallic radioactive waste, in the presence of refining slag with immersion of metallic radioactive waste into the melt. The method also includes removal and cleaning of its exhaust gases.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/214/2148865.html

Methods of chemical deactivation of surface of metal articles, contaminated with radioactive materials

Author: I.M. Kosareva, M.K. Savushkina, N.N. Egorov, H.S. Yanovskaya, S.V. Savushkin, A.N. Egorov, M.E. Poroifov

Reference: Patent, 17.06.1999, Moscow patent holder: I.M. Kosareva, M.K. Savushkina, N.N. Egorov, H.S. Yanovskaya, S.V. Savushkin, A.N. Egorov, M.E. Poroifov

Keywords: metal, decontamination, liquid

Abstract: The invention relates to nuclear technology, especially chemical decontamination of radioactive-contaminated substances from products made of steel, non-ferrous metals and their alloys. Treatment at 20 ~ 95oC for 1 – 24 hours with an aqueous decontaminating solution, containing carboxylic acid, for which acidic wastes of production of caprolactam is used.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/213/2132579.html