カテゴリー「contamination and decontamination」
Title: Variability cowberry induced contamination Chernobyl: The forest ecosystems of the Southern Black Earth Region of Russia
Author: Borzdyko Yelena Vasilyeva
Reference: Bryansk, 2006
Keywords: Southern Non-Black Earth area (Russian Federation), cowberry, ecosystem, contamination
Abstract: The purpose of the study. In terms of radioactive contamination of forest ecosystems of the Southern Non-Black Earth Region of Russia, to explore the morphological diversity of cowberry, its mitotic and meiotic activity, the duration of the individual phases of mitosis, the main types of chromosomal abnormalities, pollen viability, the relationship of exposure dose power/rate (MED) and the specific activity (SA) of radionuclides in the soil and phytomass, to determine the transition and accumulation of radionuclides in the phytomass, the influence of moss on specific activity 137Cs in leaves and its dynamics in fresh berries.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/izmenchivost-brusniki-obyknovennoi-indutsirovannaya-radioaktivnym-zagryazneniem-chaes-v-lesn
Author: Gerasimova L. G., Maslova M. V., Nikolaev A. I.
Reference: Gazette “ЦВЕТНЫЕ МЕТАЛЛЫ“, 2011
ISSN: 0372-2929
DOI:
Keywords: Sorption, desorption, composite sorbents, flow sheet, wastewater, non-ferrous metal cations, radioactive isotopes
Abstract: A method for the production of a new, composite inorganic adsorbent based on titanium phosphate derived from current wastes of apatite-nepheline ore processing is described. The new variant of waste recovery makes it possible to implement advanced and environmentally friendly patterns. In this work, a scientific justification for parameters of titanium phosphate precursor synthesis and treatment is proposed. The technology is highly effective; the adsorbent can be used in cleaning of weak-salt aqueous effluents. The chemical stability of the composite adsorbent in various solutions has been studied to determine the optimal operating conditions for it. It has been found that after five sorption desorption cycles the material’s ion-exchanges capacity remains practically unchanged. The possibility of recovering the sorbent saturated with transition metals has been examined by using different mineral acids. Methods for the spent material utilization in the production of building fillers are discussed. The paper provides the data on purification of real wastewater of multimineral ore processing. It was noted that the cations of water hardness are first absorbed by the material, later becoming displaced by elements forming stronger bonds with phosphate groups. By the example of artificial radioactive solutions containing 137Cs, 152Eu, 234Th, 238U, 60Со, we determined the material’s ion-exchange capacity and its dependence on the adsorbent’s initial bulk density and number of sorption stages. The material has demonstrated superior ion-exchange properties in wastewater purification from non-ferrous metals and radionuclides.
URL: http://www.rudmet.ru/journal/656/article/8383/
Author: Odintsov, A. A.; Khan, V. E.; Krasnov, V. A.; Pazukhin, E. M.
Reference: Gazette “Radiochemistry”, 2007
ISSN: 0033-8311
DOI: 621.039.542
Keywords: drinking water, contamination, water pollution, radioisotopes, ricer, lake
Abstract: The volume activity of 3H, 90Sr, 137Cs, 234U, 235U, 238U, 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am in ground waters from observation holes 1-G-6-G in the north section of the Shelter local area of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) was measured. The distribution of radionuclides in the suspension fractions of the ground waters was evaluated. The main contribution to the pollution of ground waters with uranium is due to natural uranium isotopes: 234,235,238U. The activity ratios of 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am in ground waters are similar to those in the spent fuel of 4th CNPP block.
URL: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/27081216/radionuclides-ground-waters-from-observation-holes-shelter-local-area
Author: Lukin A.A., Mel’nik N.A.
Reference: Gazette “Water Resources”, 2006
ISSN: 0097-8087
DOI: 10.1134/S009780780601009X
Keywords: radionuclides, water, soil, fish, concentration of uranium and vanadium
Abstract: The results of studies performed in the area of a uranium-vanadium deposit are used to characterize the concentration and distribution of microelements and radionuclides in water, soil, and fish. The exposure rate on the surface of the examined samples is found to be equal to 15�20 �r/h, i.e., to lie at the background level, which means that these samples are not an external radiation hazard for population. Concentrations of U and V in water somewhat greater than background values were recorded, though they are lower than MAC for fishery water bodies. The collected data show that a delicate equilibrium has formed in this territory, although the hydrochemical characteristics have not changed within the recent 40 years, and radionuclide content of water, soil, bottom sediments, and fish are at an extremely low level.
URL: http://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrder.do?UIN=183368045&ETOC=RN&from=searchengine
Author: Klimova E.V.
Reference: Gazette “ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ В АПК.” (Ecological safety in agricultural sector), Moscow, 2003
ISSN: 1726-2211
DOI:
Keywords: groundwater, radionuclides, contamination of water, Kazakhstan
Abstract:
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=6576226
Author: Artamonova E.N.
Reference: Altai State University, 2004
ISSN:
Keywords: groundwater, coal field, radionuclides, migration, ecology
Abstract: Describes the migration of both natural and anthropogenic radionuclides, as well as heavy metals, in groundwater.
URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/radionuklidy-i-tyazhelye-metally-v-podzemnykh-vodakh-ugolnogo-mestorozhdeniya-karazhyra-vost
Author: Mel’chenko A.I., Zhivchikov V.G., Mel’chenko E.A.
Reference: Gazette “ТРУДЫ КУБАНСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО АГРАРНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА“ (Proceedings of Kuban State Agrarian University), 2011
ISSN: 1999-1703
Keywords: accumulation, radionuclides, tomato
Abstract: Describes various conditions of accumulation of radionuclides in agricultural products, according to diverse ways of irrigation with water. Experiments on tomato.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17286438
Title: Lake fish as the main contributor of internal dose to lakeshore residents in the Chernobyl contaminated area
Author: I.G Travnikova, A.N Bazjukin, G.Ja Bruk, V.N Shutov, M.I Balonov, L Skuterud, H Mehli, P Strand
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 77, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 63-75
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.03.003
Keywords: Chernobyl; 137Cs; Lake; Internal exposure
Abstract: Two field expeditions in 1996 studied 137Cs intake patterns and its content in the bodies of adult residents from the village Kozhany in the Bryansk region, Russia, located on the shore of a drainless peat lake in an area subjected to significant radioactive contamination after the 1986 Chernobyl accident. The 137Cs contents in lake water and fish were two orders of magnitude greater than in local rivers and flow-through lakes, 10 years after Chernobyl radioactive contamination, and remain stable. The 137Cs content in lake fish and a mixture of forest mushrooms was between approximately 10–20 kBq/kg, which exceeded the temporary Russian permissible levels for these products by a factor of 20–40. Consumption of lake fish gave the main contribution to internal doses (40–50%) for Kozhany village inhabitants Simple countermeasures, such as Prussian blue doses for dairy cows and pre-boiling mushrooms and fish before cooking, halved the 137Cs internal dose to inhabitants, even 10 years after the radioactive fallout.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X04000761
Title: Application of potassium chloride to a Chernobyl-contaminated lake: modelling the dynamics of radiocaesium in an aquatic ecosystem and decontamination of fish
Author: James T Smith, Anatoly V Kudelsky, Igor N Ryabov, Rolf H Hadderingh, Anatoly A Bulgakov
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 305, Issues 1–3, 15 April 2003, Pages 217-227
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00477-1
Keywords: Chernobyl; Fish; Radiocaesium; Countermeasures
Abstract: This study tests a whole-lake experiment to reduce the bioaccumulation of radiocaesium (137Cs) in fish in lakes contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. In many lakes in the Chernobyl contaminated areas, radiocaesium activity concentrations in fish are still significantly higher (up to 100 times in some species) than acceptable limits for human consumption. Estimates of the long-term rate of decline of 137Cs in fish in these regions, in the absence of countermeasures, show that radioactivity in fish in some lakes may remain above acceptable consumption limits for a further 50–100 years from the present date. In February 1998 we applied 15 t of potassium chloride to Lake Svyatoe, Kostiukovichy. The addition of potassium chloride fertilizer to the lake resulted in a decrease in activity concentration of 137Cs to approximately 40% of pre-countermeasure values in a number of different fish species. In contrast to Lake Svyatoe, 137Cs activity concentrations in fish from four control lakes showed no systematic decrease over the study period. Simplified models for transfers of 137Cs in lakes successfully ‘blind’ predicted the changes in 137Cs in water and fish resulting from this major alteration of the potassium concentration of the lake. The experiment represents the first test of a predictive model for the dynamics of radiocaesium in response to a major perturbation in potassium (its major competitor ion) in a whole lake ecosystem.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969702004771
Title: Processes, dynamics and modelling of radiocaesium cycling in a chronosequence of Chernobyl-contaminated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations
Author: François Goor, Yves Thiry
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 325, Issues 1–3, 5 June 2004, Pages 163-180
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2003.10.037
Keywords: Forest biological cycling; Annual fluxes; Chronosequence; Chernobyl consequences; Wood contamination; Modelling of radiocaesium transfer
Abstract: In a large forested area affected by the Chernobyl radioactive fallout, especially in CIS, the lasting recycling of radiocaesium (137Cs) by the trees is a source of long-term contamination of woody products. The quantitative description of the 137Cs dynamics in contaminated forest is a prerequisite to predictive modelling and further management of such territories. Three even-aged mono-specific Scots pine stands (17, 37 and 57 years old) were selected in a contaminated woodland in southeastern Belarus to constitute an adequate chronosequence. We determined the potassium and radiocaesium annual fluxes involved in the biological cycling in each stand using a well-documented calculation methodology. Qualitatively, 137Cs was shown to be rapidly recycled in trees through the same pathways as K and to redistribute similarly between the tree components. Compared to K, a higher fraction of 137Cs, corresponding to about the half of the annual uptake, is immobilised in perennial organs. With tree development, trunk wood and bark become prevailing sinks for 137Cs since they represent an increasing pool of biomass. In the pine chronosequence, the current root absorption, respectively, mobilizes 0.53, 0.32 and 0.31% year−1 of the total 137Cs pool in soil. Variations in the 137Cs uptake do not reflect differences in the 137Cs balance between stands. In the two older stands, 51 and 71% of the current tree contamination are related to earlier accumulation subsequent to the initial fallout interception and recycling. The soil is the dominant source of long-term tree contamination. A simple modelling based on the measured 137Cs fluxes indicates that, for young stands, radioactive decay-corrected contamination would stabilize after reaching a maximum of 25 years after the 137Cs deposition. Stemwood presents a maximum of 15 years after the deposition and decrease afterwards mainly through radioactive decay. In the older stands, the decontamination is constant without local maximum of 137Cs level in the wood. The 137Cs contamination of tree components is the result of different influential processes like root uptake, internal translocation and immobilisation. For more accurate predictions, the calibration of existing models would be benefited by comparing with the 137Cs annual fluxes instead of the simple transfer factor coefficients. In the perspective of other applications, there is a need of such data for other radionuclides as well as for heavy metals.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969703006454
