カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
- Title: Mobility of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in a peatbog system within the catchment of the Pripyat River, Belarus
Author: Kudelsky, A.V. / Smith, J.T. / Ovsiannikova, S.V. / Hilton, J.
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, 188 (2-3), p.101-113, Oct 1996
doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05162-5
Keywords: Chernobyl; Peatbog system; Radiocaesium (137Cs); Pore water; Distribution coefficient (Kd)
Abstract: The behaviour of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in a hydrologically isolated bog system in the catchment of the Pripyat River, Belarus was investigated. Measurements were made of 137Cs activities in the solids and pore waters of the bog soils, as well as the variability in activity in water draining from the bog. It was found that the radiocaesium activity of the pore water, and hence the measured distribution coefficient, Kd, was dependent upon the pressure at which the water was removed from the soil.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969796051625
- Title: ASSESSMENT OF 90SR AND 137CS PENETRATION INTO REINFORCED CONCRETE (EXTENT OF ‘DEEPENING’) UNDER NATURAL ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
Author: Farfan, E. / Jannik, T.
Reference: HEALTH PHYSICS JOURNAL; Journal Volume: 101; Journal Issue: 3, Oct 2011
doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e3182103242
Keywords: Chernobyl, decontamination, reinforced concrete, Pripyat, 90Sr, 137Cs
Abstract: When assessing the feasibility of remediation following the detonation of a radiological dispersion device or improvised nuclear device in a large city, several issues should be considered including the levels and characteristics of the radioactive contamination, the availability of resources required for decontamination, and the planned future use of the city’s structures and buildings. Currently, little is known about radionuclide penetration into construction materials in an urban environment. Knowledge in this area would be useful when considering costs of a thorough decontamination of buildings, artificial structures, and roads in an affected urban environment. Pripyat, a city substantially contaminated by the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident in April 1986, may provide some answers.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=1024198
- Title: Cs-134/137 contamination and root uptake of different forest trees before and after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Ertel, J. / Ziegler, H.
Reference: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, 30 (2), p.147-157, Jun 1991
doi: 10.1007/BF01219349
Keywords: Mineralization; Wheat straw; Cs-137; Sr-90; C-14; Chernobyl
Abstract: The Cs-134/137 activities were measured from different tree organs of spruce, larch and sycamore maple. Two locations in South Bavaria were monitored during a period of 2.5 years following the Chernobyl accident. Samples taken in 1985 allow to determine the Cs-137 contamination before the accident. Increasing Cs-137 activities from older to younger needle years ofPicea abies caused by root-uptake of the global weapons’ fallout are due to the high phloem mobility of this element and the remaining of the needles at the tree for about 6–7 years.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01219349
- Title: Effects of low-level radioactive soil contamination and sterilization on the degradation of radiolabeled wheat straw
Author: Niedrée, Bastian / Vereecken, Harry / Burauel, Peter
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 109, p.29-35, Jul 2012
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2011.12.018
Keywords: Mineralization; Wheat straw; Cs-137; Sr-90; C-14; Chernobyl
Abstract: ► We observed the impact of contamination with Cs-137 and Sr-90 on soil functions. ► Microbial community was altered slightly. ► Mineralization of wheat straw was not affected. ► Microbes growing on applied straw compete for nutrients with soil microbes.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X11003134
- Title: Using a bank of predatory fish samples for bioindication of radioactive contamination of aquatic food chains in the area affected by the Chernobyl accident
Author: Kryshev, I.I. / Ryabov, I.N. / Sazykina, T.G.
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, 139-140, p.279-285, Nov 1993
doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(93)90027-4
Keywords: fish; data bank; radioactive contamination; doses
Abstract: From the analysis of experimental data on radioactive contamination of various fish, it is suggested that predatory fish specimens can be used as bioindicators of radionuclide accumulation in reservoir food chains of the Chernobyl emergency area. The increased content of cesium radionuclides were detected in the muscle tissue of predatory fish collected in various regions of the Chernobyl emergency area. In most of the water bodies studied, maximum contamination levels of predatory fish by radionuclides of cesium occured in 1987–1988, whereas in ‘nonpredatory’ fish the concentration of cesium was maximum, as a rule, in the first year following the accident.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969793900274
- Title: Dynamics of 137Cs bioavailability in a soil-plant system in areas of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident zone with a different physico-chemical composition of radioactive fallout
Author: Fesenko, S.V. / Spiridonov, S.I. / Sanzharova, N.I. / Alexakhin, R.M.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 34 (3), p.287-313, Jan 1997
doi: 10.1016/0265-931X(96)00044-6
Keywords:
Abstract: A quantitative analysis of the dynamics of 137Cs bioavailability in soils contaminated following the Chernobyl NPP accident, based on a 6-year (1987–1992) observation period, and a dynamic model describing the behaviour of radiocaesium in meadow ecosystems are presented. It has been shown that the type of deposition and soil characteristics are main factors that significantly affect (up to five times) the changes in bioavailability of this radionuclide in the soil-plant system.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0265931X96000446
- Title: Earthworm populations in soils contaminated by the chernobyl atomic power station accident, 1986–1988
Author: Krivolutzkii, D.A. / Pokarzhevskii, A.D. / Viktorov, A.G.
Reference: Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 24 (12), p.1729-1731, Dec 1992
doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90178-Z
Keywords:
Abstract: A study of earthworm populations in the 30 km zone around the Chernobyl atomic power station was carried out in 1986–1988. Significant differences in earthworm population numbers were found between highly contaminated and control plots in summer and autumn 1986 and in April 1987. But in the autumn of 1988 the earthworm population numbers in contaminated plots were higher than in the control plots. The ratio of mature to immature specimens was higher in 1986 in the contaminated plots in comparison with the control plots. Only one species of earthworms, Dendrobaena octaedra, was found in contaminated forest plots during the first 2 yr following the accident but in the control forest plots Apporectodea caliginosa was also found.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/003807179290178Z
- Title: Depth migration of chernobyl originated 137Cs and 90Sr in soils of Belarus
Author: Kadatsky, Valery B. / Kagan, Leonid M.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 33 (1), p.27-39, Jan 1996
doi: 10.1016/0265-931X(95)00068-L
Keywords:
Abstract: Depth migration of 137Cs and 90Sr was studied in soils of reference sites that have different environmental characteristics and are situated in all four radiogeochemical regions of Belarus. The parameters as used were: the fraction of the nuclide inventory below a depth of 2 cm; the fraction of the nuclide inventory below a depth of 5 cm; and the thickness of the top soil layer containing 90% of the nuclide inventory.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0265931X9500068L
- Title: External γ-dose rates delivered from the Chernobyl fallout in Belarus
Author: Kadatsky, Valery B. / Kagan, Leonid M.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 26 (2), p.135-146, Jan 1995
doi: 10.1016/0265-931X(94)00006-I
Keywords:
Abstract: The γ-dose rates in air were measured in time at various reference sites which had different environmental characteristics. It appears that the dose rate had fallen off from its peak value and more or less stabilized by the end of 1990. The model presented describes this behaviour and fits the experimental data well. All the study sites are subdivided into four groups according to the dose-decrease time constants which range between 2.9 and 7.1 years. Causes of such different temporal decreases at various sites are discussed. Dose commitment conversion factors were computed which allow estimation of external dose commitments at every site for various time periods. The findings may be applicable to other sites in Belarus with similar climate and landscape characteristics.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0265931X9400006I
- Title: Plutonium content in soils of the european part of the country after the accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Generating Station
Author: Lebedev, I. A. / Myasoedov, B. F. / Pavlotskaya, F. I. / Frenkel’, V. Ya. Reference: Atomic Energy, 72 (6), p.515-520, Jun 1992 doi: 10.1007/BF00760909
Keywords:
Abstract: URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00760909
