カテゴリー「genetics / gene mutation」
Title: The effect on lymphocyte chromosomes of additional radiation burden due to fallout in Salzburg (Austria) from the Chernobyl accident
Author: J. Pohl-Rüling, O. Haas, A. Brogger, G. Obe, H. Lettner, F. Daschil, C. Atzmüller, D. Lloyd, R. Kubiak, A.T. Natarajan
Reference: Mutation Research Letters, Volume 262, Issue 3, March 1991, Pages 209–217
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(91)90024-X
Keywords: Chromosome aberration; Chernobyl fallout; Radiation burden
Abstract: An investigation has been carried out to determine whether chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes reflect the elevated environmental dose of low-LET ionising radiation, mainly due to radiocesium from Chernobyl fallout, to the population living in Salzburg city. Sixteen volunteers were sampled 1 year after the Chernobyl accident. Two of these persons were also sampled before the accident, and then in 1988 and 1990. The radioactive environment of Salzburg city and the radiation burden of its inhabitants have been frequently determined before and after the accident. The Cs-137 content of the volunteers was measured by whole-body counting.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016579929190024X
Title: Cytogenetic study in lymphocytes from children exposed to ionizing radiation after the Chernobyl accident
Author: L. Padovani, D. Caporossi, B. Tedeschi, P. Vernole, B. Nicoletti, F. Mauro
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, Volume 319, Issue 1, September 1993, Pages 55–60
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(93)90030-H
Keywords: Chernobyl; Chromosome aberrations; Biological dosimetry
Abstract: The present study concerns the monitoring of children from the Byelorussian, Ukrainian and Russian republics exposed to the fall-out of the Chernobyl accident. Cytogenetic analyses have been performed on 41 children coming from different areas and exhibiting varying amounts of 137Cs internal contamination, as evaluated by whole-body counter (WBC) analysis. On a total of 28670 metaphases scored, radiation-induced chromosome damage is still present, although at a very low frequency. Due to the very low fraction of dicentrics, because of the time elapsed from the accident and the relatively low doses of exposure, radiobiological dosimetry is not possible for these children. However, considering that the WBC data indicate that the children are still exposed to 137Cs contamination, the observed occurrence of stable chromosome rearrangements and breaks may represent the persisting effect of continuous low doses of radiation. The present study also indicates that the parallel use of internal contamination dosimetry and cytogenetics could be usefully employed to monitor individual exposure to radiation and to define further management measures.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016512189390030H
Title: Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Lithuanian populations: effects of occupational and environmental exposures
Author: J.R Lazutka, R Lekevičius, V Dedonyt, L Maciulevičiūt Gervers, J Mierauskien, S Rudaitien, G Slapšyt
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 445, Issue 2, 30 September 1999, Pages 225–239
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00128-X
Keywords: Chromosomal aberration; Sister-chromatid exchange; Exposure; Heavy metal; Organic and inorganic volatile substance; Ionizing radiation; Chernobyl accident
Abstract: Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 175,229 cells from 1113 individuals, both unexposed and occupationally or environmentally exposed to heavy metals (mercury and lead), organic (styrene, formaldehyde, phenol and benzo(a)pyrene) and inorganic (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen and ammonium fluorides) volatile substances and/or ionizing radiation was performed. In addition, 11,250 cells from 225 individuals were scored for the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). Increased frequencies of CA were found in all occupationally exposed groups. A principal difference between the exposure to heavy metals and organic substances was found: increase in the CA frequency was dependent on duration of exposure to mercury but not dependent on duration of exposure to styrene, formaldehyde and phenol. A higher CA incidence was found in lymphocytes of children living in the vicinity of a plant manufacturing phosphate fertilizers. This indicates that children are a sensitive study group for the assessment of environmental exposure. However, the results of SCE analysis in these children were inconclusive. Exposure to ionizing radiation was found to cause chromosome breaks and chromatid exchanges in Chernobyl clean-up workers and chromatid breaks, chromatid exchanges, dicentric chromosomes and chromosome translocations in workers from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. The increased frequency of chromatid exchanges in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation was quite unexpected. This may be attributed to the action of some unrecognized life-style or occupational factors, or to be a result of radiation-induced genomic instability. Also an increased SCE frequency was found in lymphocytes of Chernobyl clean-up workers.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138357189900128X
Title: Molecular Genetic Characterization of the Philadelphia Chromosome Detected in Reactor Personnel Highly Exposed to Radiation from the Chernobyl Accident
Author: Horst Zitzelsberger, Harald Hessel, Konstadinos Salassidis, Hans Mittermüller, Manfred Bauchinger
Reference: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, Volume 104, Issue 2, 15 July 1998, Pages 86–93
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4608(97)00454-8
Keywords: chromosomes, liquidators
Abstract: Clonal del(22q) chromosome aberrations were coincidentally observed in highly exposed reactor personnel of the Chernobyl power plant accident in the course of retrospective biological dosimetry. These aberrant chromosomes were detected in PHA-stimulated cultures from peripheral blood after FPG staining and revealed a morphology similar to a Philadelphia chromosome. A rearrangement of the BCR gene on 22q11 could be confirmed in unstimulated peripheral blood by RFLP analysis from three of four del(22q) carrying cases. FISH analysis of the del(22q) carrying cases with BCR- and ABL-specific DNA probes additionally exhibited a BCR-ABL fusion in 5.2 to 9% of cells in unstimulated blood. Breakpoints within the BCR gene could be located either in the M-bcr or the m-bcr region and thus, a specific breakpoint region could not be detected in these four patients. Since typical clinical leukemic symptoms associated with the translocation (9;22)(q24;q11) could not be observed in these highly irradiated subjects (1.1 to 5.8 Gy), the role of this particular aberration in the development of a radiation-induced leukemia remains obscure.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165460897004548
Title: Trends in the human sex odds at birth in Europe and the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident
Author: Hagen Scherb, Kristina Voigt
Reference: Reproductive Toxicology, Volume 23, Issue 4, June 2007, Pages 593–599
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2007.03.008
Keywords: Analytical ecological study; Exposure–response relation; Low-level ionizing radiation; Male proportion; Radiation epidemiology; Radiation-induced genetic effects; Sex ratio; Spatial–temporal logistic regression
Abstract: To investigate trends in the sex odds before and after the Chernobyl accident, gender-specific annual birth statistics were obtained from the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Norway, Poland, and Sweden between 1982 and 1992. For parts of Germany, annual birth statistics and fallout measurements after Chernobyl are available at the district level. Trend models allowing for discontinuities of the male birth proportions are suggested. Superimposed on a downward trend in male proportions there was a jump in 1987 with a sex odds ratio of 1.0047 (95%-confidence interval: 1.0013–1.0081, p = 0.0061). A positive association of the male proportion in Germany between 1986 and 1991 with radioactive exposure at the district level is reflected by a sex odds ratio of 1.0145 per mSv/a (1.0021–1.0271, p = 0.0218). These findings suggest a possible long-term chronic influence of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident on the human sex odds at birth in several European countries.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890623807000445
Title: Increased level of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of Chernobyl liquidators 6–10 years after the accident
Author: Natalia Slozina, Elizaveta Neronova, Tatiana Kharchenko, Alexey Nikiforov
Reference: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 379, Issue 2, 6 October 1997, Pages 121–125
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00113-9
Keywords: Chromosome aberration; Liquidator; Radiation; Micronucleus
Abstract: Chromosomal aberrations (CA) were used to investigate the level of cytogenetical damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the liquidators in a remote period (6–10 years) after the Chernobyl accident. There was a significantly higher frequency of chromosomal radiation markers (dicentrics and rings) in the peripheral lymphocytes of the liquidators than in the control subjects. No differences between these groups were demonstrated by the micronucleus (MN) test. Increased frequency of chromatid exchanges was associated with the smoking habits of the liquidators.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0027510797001139
Title: The distribution of chromosome damage, non-reciprocal translocations and clonal aberrations in lymphocytes from Chernobyl clean-up workers
Author: Kirby L Johnson, Joginder Nath, Janice M Pluth, James D Tucker
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 439, Issue 1, 2 February 1999, Pages 77–85
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00177-6
Keywords: Chernobyl; Chromosome translocation; Radiation; Clone
Abstract: In this paper we determined whether the frequencies of translocations and insertions are proportional to chromosome size in peripheral blood lymphocytes from Chernobyl nuclear accident clean-up workers and healthy unexposed control subjects. The frequency of aberrations among chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 in both groups was found to be significantly different from the distribution expected on the basis of chromosome size, although the difference was only marginally significant in controls. We also determined whether differences exist in aberration frequencies measured by two scoring systems: the classical method, where reciprocal exchanges are scored as one event, and PAINT, where each break junction is scored as a single event. The two scoring systems gave highly correlated results which yielded an interpretable arithmetic relationship between frequency measurements using the two systems. Approximately 34% of all translocations were observed to be non-reciprocal, and cells bearing clones of abnormal cells were observed in 6 of 198 subjects (3.0%). Our results demonstrate that clones of abnormal cells and the presence of non-reciprocal translocations contribute to the non-proportional distribution of radiation-induced and spontaneous cytogenetic damage.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383571898001776
Title: Human cytogenetic consequences of the Chernobyl accident
Author: V.A. Schevchenko, E.A. Akayeva, I.M. Yeliseyeva, T.V. Yelisova, E.L. Yofa, I.N. Nilova, A.B. Syomov,
W. Burkart
Reference: Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects, Volume 361, Issue 1, 26 September 1996, Pages 29–34
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1161(96)90226-5
Keywords: Chernobyl; Radiation effect; Lymphocyte; Chromosome aberration; Automated dicentric analysis
Abstract: The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was evaluated in more than 500 liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. The ‘sarcophagus’ builders and the dosimetrists showed the highest frequency of aberrations per 100 cells: 3.24 ± 0.25 and 3.11 ± 0.43. For Chernobyl Atomic Power Station staff members the mean frequencies of aberrations per 100 cells was 2.37 ± 0.20. The mean yields of aberrations in the other groups was between 1.31 and 1.47 per 100 cells. If the mean frequencies of aberrations are converted into equivalent whole body doses, values between 136 and 414 mGy are obtained. Especially in the group of ‘sarcophagus’ builders, the yields of aberrations varied interindividually and corresponded to equivalent whole body doses of up to about 2 Gy.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165116196902265
Title: Chromosome aberrations in inhabitants of Byelorussia: consequence of the Chernobyl accident
Author: L. Verschaeve, E.V. Domracheva, S.A. Kuznetsov and V.V. Nechai
Reference: Mutation Res., 287 (1993), pp. 253–259
Keywords: Chromosome analysis; Chernobyl, Belarus
Abstract: A cytogenetic analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes from 35 persons belonging to the ‘general population’ of Gomel or its surroundings (Byelorussia). This region was heavily contaminated by the nuclear fall-out following the radiation accident at Chernobyl. An elevated frequency of chromosome aberrations was found in most of the subjects. The type and frequency of the aberrations revealed past and possibly present radiation exposure which could be ascribed to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear plant about 5 years prior to the analysis.
URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002751079390018B/pdf?md5=4f0e1b750d191debe663fe3df6b88a86&pid=1-s2.0-002751079390018B-main.pdf
Title: Chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from persons exposed to radioactive fallout in Norway from the Chernobyl accident
Author: A. Brøgger, J.B. Reitan, P. Strand, I. Amundsen
Reference: Mutation Research 361 (1996) 73-79
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1161(96)90241-1
Keywords: Chromosome aberration; Chernobyl fallout; Radiation burden; Norwegian population
Abstract: Chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from two Norwegian populations (44 reindeer herding South samis from Røros and Snåsa, 12 sheep farmers from Valdres) exposed to fallout from the Chernobyl accident were made. The doses from caesium through the years 1987–1991 were calculated based on whole-body measurement of 134Cs and 137Cs giving a total cumulative mean internal dose of 5.54 mSv for the total group of 56 persons. Chromosome aberrations were within the normal range when compared with historical controls with the exception of dicentrics (0.3% per cell, which is a 10-fold increase) and rings (0.07% per cell). A dose-dependent increase in dicentrics and rings based on caesium exposure was not observed.
ＵＲＬ： http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165116196902411
