カテゴリー「no classified」
Title: ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION ON INCIDENCE OF TUMOR
Author: Petin V.G., Pronkevich M.D.
Reference: Radiation and Lisk 2012 vol. 21 No.1
Keywords: Ionizing radiation, Low doses, cancer morbidity, radiation associated hormesis
Abstract: In the review we generalized and analyzed published experimental and epidemiological data on effects of low dose radiation on cancer incidence. It was shown that no increase in cancer incidence was observed in those resided under enhanced natural radiation. Japanese cohort of atomic bomb survivors, nuclear workers and cleanup workers of nuclear incidents. Moreover, in some cases lower cancer mortality as compared to the baseline mortality was observed. The most impressed data on the Taiwan cohort resided in radioactive apartments during 25 years were published. Cancer incidence in that population was 40 times lower than in the control group, at the same time accumulated doses were higher than in clean-up workers of the Chernobyl accident. Analyzed data demonstrate that exposure to low dose radiation reduces risk of cancer development. Possible mechanisms of beneficial action of low level radiation are discussed.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-deystviya-malyh-doz-ioniziruyuschego-izlucheniya-na-onkozabolevaemost-cheloveka
Title: Epidemiological aspects of radiation carcinogenesis
Author: Tsyb A.F., Ivanov V.K., Biryukov A.P., Efendiev V.A.
Reference: Radiation and Lisk 1995 No.6
Keywords:
Abstract: An effort by the authors of this review was made to combine results of activity of the great majority of research workers in different lines. In this connection the work presented does not raise the problem of comprehensive description of radiation carcinogenesis throughout its variety and complexity. It is the authors opinion that even a cursory analysis conducted on all radiation-dependent problems of carcinogenesis will provide a better view of basic directions of scientific-practical activity aimed at studying the epidemiological peculiarities of radiation-induced malignant growth. A series of questions, for example, the theory of carcinogenesis is presented very schematized and meant for the most diverse sections of readers. In addition the volume of publication does not allow to discuss all types of malignant neoplasms developing after radiation action, therefore in the text the data about only so-called solid tumours are listed among which particular emphasis has been placed on localizations having the most evident connection with the action of ionizing radiation. Epidemiological features of developing malignant neoplasms under the action of ionizing radiation, one of the factors of the environment taking part in forming the current carcinogenic situation, are discussed extensively.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/epidemiologicheskie-aspekty-radiatsionnogo-kantserogeneza-nauchnyy-obzor
Title: Assessment of radiation risks of cancer morbidity solid cancers among liquidators of consequences of the Chernobyl disaster
Author: Ivanov V.K., Rastopchin E.M., Gorskiy A.I., Maksyutov M.A., Matyash V.A., Tsyb A.F.
Reference: Radiation and Lisk 2001 No.12
Keywords: solid cancers, liquidators
Abstract: The paper provides analysis of information about solid cancer incidence among liquidators of the Chernobyl accident accumulated in the Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR) from 1986 to the beginning of 1997. The RNMDR contains individual dosimetric data and results of annual medical examinations of liquidators living in the territory of the Russian Federation (174916 persons by the beginning of 1999). Consideration is given to male liquidators who had no cancer before entering the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl NPP and for whom information was available about date of birth, date of arrival to the zone, duration of stay in the zone and data of medical examinations. The number of liquidators meeting these requirements is 160564, which accounts for about 90% of all liquidators registered in the RNMDR. For most of liquidators (70%) the Registry database contains information on external radiation dose received during their stay in the 30-km zone. The mean dose in this study cohort is 0.1 Gy, the mean age at the time of the first arrival in the zone is 34 years and the total number of accumulated person-years is 1353935. The cohort of liquidators is briefly described and the cancer incidence rates are compared in liquidators and the population of Russia as a whole through calculation of the standardized incidence ratio (SIR). The excess relative risk per unit dose is also estimated (ERR/Gy). The risk values with 95% confidence intervals for all solid malignant neoplasms and cancers of respiratory organs and digestive system are estimated to be 0.91 (0.25; 1.57), 1.13 (-0.24; 2.40) and 0.85 (-0.3; 2.04), respectively.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-radiatsionnyh-riskov-onkologicheskoy-zabolevaemosti-solidnymi-rakami-sredi-likvidatorov-posledstviy-chernobylskoy
Title: Study of possible radiation cancers after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on the most contaminated territories of Ukraine
Author: Prisyazhnyuk A.E., Grischenko V.G., Zakordonets V.A., Fuzik N.N., Slipenyuk E.M., Ryzhak I.N.
Reference: Radiatoin and Lisk 1995 No.6
Keywords: Zhitomir, Kiev
Abstract: Dynamic models of morbidity with malignant neoplasms on four most radiocontaminated territories of Zhitomir and Kiev oblasts of the Ukraine before and after the ChNPP accident were studied as well as indices of morbidity with tumours in the former Chernobyl district in the pre-accidental period were reconstructed. At the moment of the accident 274 thousand people among them 59200 children lived in five districts. In 1993, there were 152600 people including 25700 children in four districts (without Chernobyl one). It is found that for three categories of neoplasms – solid cancers, hemoblastoses and thyroid cancer – the frequency of the latter has been reliably increased (in particular in the children age group) what can be indicative of radiation effects.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/izuchenie-vozmozhnyh-radiatsionnyh-rakov-posle-avarii-na-chernobylskoy-aes-na-naibolee-zagryaznennyh-radionuklidami-territoriyah
Title: DISTANT RADIOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR ACCIDENT FOR THE POPULATION OF THE KALUGA REGION
Author: Drynova N.N., Vlasov O.K., Schukin N.V., Ivanov V.K.
Reference: Radiation and Lisk 2009 vol.18 No.4
Keywords: attributable risk, solid cancers, inhabitants of the Kaluga oblast
Abstract: Prognosis of induction of radiation related solid cancers in population of the Kaluga oblast was made with the use of UNSCEAR model. It was found that the increase in the rate of all solid cancers could be up to 1 %. Calculated and actual data of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry were in good agreement. The contribution of radiation to increase of the rate of breast cancer in young women can be up to 4 %.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otdalennye-radiologicheskie-posledstviya-avarii-na-chernobylskoy-aes-dlya-naseleniya-kaluzhskoy-oblasti-solidnye-raki
Title: Iodine concentration in current Japanese foods and beverages
Author: Kikuchi Y, Takebayashi T, Sasaki S.
Reference: Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2008; 63: 724–734
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/jjh.63.724
Keywords: iodine, Japan, food
Abstract: In the present study, we determined iodine concentration in commonly consumed foods in Japan.
URL: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjh/63/4/63_4_724/_article/-char/ja/
Author: Y. Shimizu, D.A. Pierce, D.L. Preston, K. Mabuchi
Reference: Radiat. Res. -1999. – Vol. 152, № 4. – P. 374-389.
Keywords: noncancer disease, curvilinear dose-response, suicide
Abstract: This report updates the data on noncancer mortality for 86,572 atomic bomb survivors with dose estimates in the Radiation Effects Research Foundation’s Life Span Study cohort. The primary analyses are based on more than 27,000 noncancer disease deaths that occurred in the cohort between October 1, 1950, and December 31, 1990, 30% more than in the previous report. The present analyses strengthen earlier findings of a statistically significant increase in noncancer disease death rates with radiation dose. Increasing trends are observed for diseases of the circulatory, digestive and respiratory systems. Rates for those exposed to 1 Sv are elevated about 10%, a relative increase that is considerably smaller than that for cancer. However, estimates of the number of radiation-related noncancer deaths in the cohort to date (140 to 280) are 50 to 100% of the number for solid cancer. The data do not yet clarify the shape of the dose response. There is no significant evidence against linearity, but the data are statistically consistent with curvilinear dose-response functions that posit essentially zero risk for doses below 0.5 Sv. Similarly, while the data are consistent with substantial variation in the excess relative risk with age at exposure or attained age, there is no statistically significant dependence on these factors. In view of the small relative risks and the lack of understanding of biological mechanisms, we emphasize consideration of whether the findings could be explained by misclassification, confounding or selection effects. Based on available data, we conclude that such factors are unlikely to fully explain the observed dose response. A significant dose response is also seen for deaths from blood diseases with an excess relative risk that is several times greater than that seen for solid cancer. Particular attention is paid to the possibility that this apparent effect is a consequence of the attribution of leukemia or other cancer deaths to noncancer blood diseases. We find that misclassification does not explain this excess risk. As in earlier reports, suicide rates tend to decrease with increasing dose.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10477914
Reference: Radiat. Res. —2003. — Vol. 160, № 4. — P. 381–407.
Keywords: A-bomb survivors, multiple diseases
Abstract: This continues the series of general reports on mortality in the cohort of atomic bomb survivors followed up by the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. This cohort includes 86,572 people with individual dose estimates, 60% of whom have doses of at least 5 mSv. We consider mortality for solid cancer and for noncancer diseases with 7 additional years of follow-up. There have been 9,335 deaths from solid cancer and 31,881 deaths from noncancer diseases during the 47-year follow-up. Of these, 19% of the solid cancer and 15% of the noncancer deaths occurred during the latest 7 years. We estimate that about 440 (5%) of the solid cancer deaths and 250 (0.8%) of the noncancer deaths were associated with the radiation exposure. The excess solid cancer risks appear to be linear in dose even for doses in the 0 to 150-mSv range. While excess rates for radiation-related cancers increase throughout the study period, a new finding is that relative risks decline with increasing attained age, as well as being highest for those exposed as children as noted previously. A useful representative value is that for those exposed at age 30 the solid cancer risk is elevated by 47% per sievert at age 70. There is no significant city difference in either the relative or absolute excess solid cancer risk. Site-specific analyses highlight the difficulties, and need for caution, in distinguishing between site-specific relative risks. These analyses also provide insight into the difficulties in interpretation and generalization of LSS estimates of age-at-exposure effects. The evidence for radiation effects on noncancer mortality remains strong, with risks elevated by about 14% per sievert during the last 30 years of follow-up. Statistically significant increases are seen for heart disease, stroke, digestive diseases, and respiratory diseases. The noncancer data are consistent with some non-linearity in the dose response owing to the substantial uncertainties in the data. There is no direct evidence of radiation effects for doses less than about 0.5 Sv. While there are no statistically significant variations in noncancer relative risks with age, age at exposure, or sex, the estimated effects are comparable to those seen for cancer. Lifetime risk summaries are used to examine uncertainties of the LSS noncancer disease findings.
URL: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3581214?uid=3738328&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21102193054033
Author: Selemon L.D., Begović A., Rakic P.
Reference: J. Comp. Neurol. — 2009. — Vol. 515, № 4. — P. 454–464.
Keywords: decrease of neuron, prenatal exposure, schizophrenia
Abstract: Neurons in the macaque brain arise from progenitors located near the cerebral ventricles in a temporally segregated manner such that lethal doses of ionizing irradiation, if administered over a discrete time interval, can deplete individual nuclei selectively. A previous study showed that neuron number in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus is reduced following early gestational exposure to x-irradiation (Algan and Rakic [1997] J. Comp. Neurol. 12:335-352). Here we examine whether similarly timed irradiation decreases neuron number in three associational thalamic nuclei: mediodorsal (MD), anterior, and pulvinar. Ten macaques were exposed to multiple doses of x-rays (total exposure (175-350 cGy) in early gestation (E33-E42) or midgestation (E70-E90); eight nonirradiated macaques were controls. Only the early-irradiated monkeys, not the midgestationally irradiated animals, exhibited deficits in whole-thalamic neuron (-15%) and glia numbers (-21%) compared with controls. Reduction of neuron number (-26%) and volume (-29%) was particularly pronounced in MD. In contrast, cell number and volume were not significantly decreased in the anterior or pulvinar nuclei following early gestational irradiation. Thus, reduced thalamic neuron number was associated specifically with irradiation in early gestation. Persistence of the thalamic neuronal deficit in adult animals indicates that prenatally deleted neurons had not been replenished during maturation or in adulthood. The selective reduction of MD neuron number also supports the protomap hypothesis that neurons of each thalamic nucleus originate sequentially from separate lines of neuronal stem cells (Rakic [1977a] J. Comp. Neurol. 176:23-52). The early gestationally irradiated macaque is discussed as a potentially useful model for studying the neurodevelopmental pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
URL: http://www.atgcchecker.com/pubmed/19459221
