10 myths around the accident of Chernobyl NPP

Author: R.V. Arutyunyan

Reference: RIA News, 26.04.2012

Keywords: Nuclear renaissance, Chernobyl accident, radiation background, harmful fallout onto the environment, safety of NPP

Abstract: Myth One: The Chernobyl accident has had a devastating impact on the health from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of people ….. Myth Two: Genetic consequences for mankind of the Chernobyl accident are terrible …. Myth Three: The evacuation of people from the town of Pripyat, and the surrounding area, was poorly organized and the people must not return to the zone ….

URL: http://www.atomic-energy.ru/smi/2012/04/26/33006

Radiation associated hypothyroidism (Scientific review)

Title: Radiation associated hypothyroidism (Scientific review)

Author: Tsyb A.F., Matveenko E.G., Nestaiko G.B., Gorobets V.F.

Reference: Journal “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК” No.10 1997

ISSN: 0131-3878

Keywords: hypothyroidism、external and internal radiation

Abstract:  The authors analyse current concepts of mechanisms of development, diagnostic methods and indicators of radiogenic risk of hypothyroidism due to exposure of thyroid tissue to external and internal radiation.

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9950800

Prevention of iodine deficiency in the Russian Federation

Title: Prevention of iodine deficiency in the Russian Federation

Author: Troshina EA.1, Abdulkhabirova F.M.1, Sekinaeva A.V.

Reference:Journal “ВОПРОСЫ ДЕТСКОЙ ДИЕТОЛОГИИ” vol.:5  No. 2   2007

ISSN: 1727-5784

Keywords: IODINE DEFICIENCY, IODINE-DEFICIENCY CONDITIONS,   PREVENTION OF IODINE DEFICIENCY,   IODIZED SALT

Abstract:  Iodine deficiency conditions (IDCs) refer to all pathological conditions developing in the population due to iodine deficiency that can be prevented by normalization of iodine intake. The spectrum of IDCs, along with thyroid pathologies, includes a number of gynecological, obstetric and neurological disorders. The most severe conditions related to iodine deficiency are associated with intrauterine impairments of the development of the central nervous system of the fetus. Epidemiological research conducted by the Endocrinological Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences demonstrated that in the Russian Federation there are no regions where the population would not be running the risk of developing IDCs. Solution of the problem of iodine deficiency conditions is simple and very effective from both economic and medical perspectives. Preventive measures are aimed at attainment of the optimal level of iodine intake by the population, which is achieved by mass iodine prophylaxis using iodized salt, intake of iodine-enriched foods, and both the group or individual iodine prophylaxis using pharmacological iodine preparations

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9548885

Exposure of the population in Russian Federation as a result of the Chernobyl accident

Title: Exposure of the population in Russian Federation as a result of the Chernobyl accident

Author: Balonov M.I.1, Bruk G.Ya.1, Golikov V.Yu.1, Erkin V.G.1, Zvonova I.A.1, Parkhomenko V.I.1, Shutov V.N.

Reference: Journal  “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК“ No.7 1996

ISSN: 0131-3878

Keywords: external and internal exposure

Abstract:  The paper presents results of ten-years field studies of levels and features of external and internal exposure doses for the population of Bryansk, Tula and Oryol regions of Russia affected by the radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident. Consideration is given to radio-ecological processes of migration of 131I, 134Cs, 137Cs, 89Sr and 90Sr in the biosphere, their intake and changes in human body for the residents of the contaminated areas with different soil conditions and extent of radiation protection. A model has been developed to account for external exposure of the public to γ-radiation of radionuclides occurring in the environment. The model has been verified against mass-scale measurements of individual absorbed doses by the thermoluminescence method. The paper also dwells on the models for intake of iodine, cesium and strontium radionuclides in human body which have been verified against mass-scale measurements with whole body counter and 90Sr in the section material. Examples are given showing exposure of residents of Russia in 1986 – 1994 and later. The collective dose from thyroid exposure to incorporated 131I in Russia and expected cancer thyroid morbidity has been assessed.

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9320715

Consequences of the Chernobyl accident: 20 years later

Title: Consequences of the Chernobyl accident: 20 years later

Author: Balonov M.I

Reference: Journal “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК” vol.15  No. 3-4  : 2006

ISSN: 0131-3878

Keywords:

Abstract:  The Chernobyl Forum (September, 2005) concluded that in 20 years after the Chernobyl accident along with reduction of radiation levels and accumulation of humanitarian consequences severe social and economic depression of the affected regions and associated serious psychological problems became the most significant problems. The majority of the 600000 emergency and recovery operation workers and five million residents of the contaminated areas in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine received relatively minor radiation doses which are comparable with the natural levels. An exception is a cohort of several hundred emergency and recovery operation workers who received high radiation doses, of whom 28 died in 1986 due to acute radiation sickness and it consequences. Except dramatic increase in thyroid cancer morbidity in those exposed to radioiodine in their childhood and some increase in leukaemia and solid cancer morbidity among emergency and recovery operation workers with high radiation dose no evident growth of radiation-associated cancer diseases and leukaemia was detected in other groups of population. Radiation levels in the environment have reduced by a factor of several hundred since 1986, this ensures that the majority of the previously contaminated land in now safe for life and economic activities. Despite unprecedented scale and character of the Chernobyl accident its consequences for health and life of the affected population are significantly less compared with A-bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Findings of research of consequences of the Chernobyl accident made invaluable contribution to the development of nuclear technology and safety, radioecology, radiation medicine, radiological protection and social sciences. The Chernobyl accident initiated development of the global nuclear safety and radiation protection regime.

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11730468

Short Lived Isotopes of Iodine (131-135 I) in Case of Ration Accident: Features of Accumulation and Distribution of Absorbed Doses and Biological Effects in Thyroid

Title: Short Lived Isotopes of Iodine (131-135 I) in Case of Ration Accident: Features of Accumulation and Distribution of Absorbed Doses and Biological Effects in Thyroid 

Author: Lyaginskaja A.M., Osipov V.A.

Reference: Journal «МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ РАДИОЛОГИЯ И РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ»　vol.50 No.2  2005

ISSN: 0025-8334

Keywords:     IODINE ISOTOPES (132- 135I ),  RADIATION ACCIDENT,  INHALATION,  THYROID,  ABSORBED DOZE,  IODINE DEFICIENCY

Abstract:  Purpose: The assessment of peculiarities of accumulation and distribution of 132- 135I absorbed doses in thyroid and their biological danger in case of radiation accident. Results: In case of radiation accident, the initial radiation danger is determined by iodine isotopes of 132- 135I inhaled as agaseous aerosol mixture. Inhalation intake of iodine radioisotopes is most dangerous for newborn and children below 1 year age, because of the differences in the breath rate and thyroid weight. High energy beta radiation emitted by 132- 135I isotopes in thyroid is absorbed more homogeneously if compared to 131I beta radiation, which results to the irradiation of both follicles and parenchyma tissue, blood vessels and neural terminals and causes the development of both stochastic and deterministic effects. The biological efficiency of inhaled short lived 132- 135I isotopes is approximately 10 times higher, than 131I efficiency and is comparable or even higher than the biological efficiency of the external gamma radiation.

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9131592

Some aspects of minimize the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster

Title: Some aspects of minimize the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster

Author: Demichev D.M.

Reference: Journal　“-АГРАРНОЕ И ЗЕМЕЛЬНОЕ ПРАВО»　No.7  2010

ISSN: 1815-1329

Keywords: CHERNOBYL CATASTROPHE,   THE ACCIDENT AT THE CHERNOBYL ATOMIC POWER STATION,   THE MINIMIZATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CATASTROPHE,   RADIOACTIVE NUCLIDE,   RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES: STRONTIUM-90,   CAESIUM-137,   PLUTONIUM-239,   THE PARTICIPATORS OF THE LIQUIDATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE CATASTROPHE,   DISPLACED PERSONS

Abstract:  In the article the social, economic, medical, legal consequences of the catastrophe of the Chernobyl atomic power station in the Republic of Belarus are investigated, the part of the state authorities of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the achievement of joint programs for overcoming the stated consequences are revealed, the proposals on perfection of functioning of the state-legal mechanism of minimization of the consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe are substantiated.

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=15242449

Iodine-131 Late Effects in Case of Childhood Exposure

Title: Iodine-131 Late Effects in Case of Childhood Exposure

Author: Mushkacheva G. S., Rabinovich E.I., Privalov V.A., Povolotskaya S.V., Ryzhova E.F., Shorokhova V.B., Turdakova V.A., Sokolova S. N.

Reference: Journal　«МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ РАДИОЛОГИЯ И РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ»　vol.: 51　No. 2  2006

ISSN: 0025-8334

Keywords: RADIATION EXPOSURE,  IODINE-131, THYROID GLAND, LATE EFFECTS, THYROID DISEASES, NODULAR GOITER

Abstract:  Purpose: The assessment of thyroid pathology incidence in later life after 1-131 exposure in childhood in population residing in the area affected by the operation of nuclear industry enterprise. Material and methods: 1,062 residents of Ozyorsk, the city near Mayak PA, the first nuclear industry enterprise in Russian Federation, were subjected to thyroid screening. The main studied group (707) has included individuals born in 1950-1953 in Ozyorsk or the ones who moved in Ozyorsk within the first two years since birth. The reference group (355) included Ozyorsk residents born elsewhere and moved in the city after 1967 when releases of iodine-131 were minimized. The developed screening procedure included the obvious clinical, ultrasound and biochemical examinations. Individuals with any thyroid abnormalities revealed were sent to additional examinations and to an endocrinologist who has diagnosed patients and prescribed therapy. Results: Total frequency of thyroid pathology was 28 % (difference between main and reference groups was insignificant). The structure of diseases was dominated by nodular goiter (65 %), followed by autoimmune thyroiditis (23 %), and diffuse goiter (9 %), benign and malignant tumors – 3 %. Analysis of separate thyroid diseases revealed statistically significant increase of nodular goiter incidence in main group, especially in females (sex- and heredity-adjusted relative risk (RR) of exposure was 2.1, confidence interval (CI) of 1.4-3.2). Large nodules (10 mm diameter and more) were found more frequently among members of the exposed group than these in the non-exposed group (RR = 2.67, CI = 1.2-5.94). Non-nodular forms of thyroid diseases in main group were more often complicated by hormonal disorders (hypothyroidism), and had a tendency toward greater expressed signs of autoimmune invasion (increased count of antibodies to the thyroidal per-oxidase). Conclusion: Exposure to I-131 in early childhood in cohort of Ozyorsk residents increases in two time the relative risk of nodular goiter development in followed life. Risk increase of large solitary nodules development in thyroid of I-131 exposed individuals was revealed. Non-nodular thyroid diseases occurred on persons in the main group were more often complicated with functional disorders.

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9186386

Leukemia and thyroid cancer in emergency workers of the Chernobyl accident: estimation of radiation risks (1986-1995)

Title: Leukemia and thyroid cancer in emergency workers of the Chernobyl accident: estimation of radiation risks (1986-1995)

Author: Ivanov V.K., Tsyb A.F., Gorsky A.I., Maksyutov M.A., Rastopchin Eu.M., Konogorov A.P., Biryukov A.P., Matyash V.A.

Reference: Journal” РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК”No.8　1996

ISSN: 0131-3878

Keywords: Leukemia

Abstract: The work focuses on direct epidemiological assessment of radiation risks in induction of leukemia and thyroid cancer in emergency workers after the Chernobyl accident. The Russian National Medical Dosimetric Registry compiles data for 168 thousand emergency workers as of 01.01.1996. Analysis is performed of 48 leukemias and 47 thyroid cancers diagnosed and verified in emergency workers. The estimated radiation risks are: for leukemia – excess relative risk per Gy (ERR/Gy) is 4,30 (95% CI = 0,83; 7,75), excess absolute risk per 104 PY Gy (EAR/104 PY Gy) is 1,31 (95% CI = 0,23; 2,39); and for thyroid cancer – ERR/Gy is 5,31 (95% CI = 0,04; 10,58), EAR/104 PY Gy is 1,15 (95% CI = 0,08; 2,22).

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9320737

Dynamics of the total cancer incidence of the population living in Belgorod region in post-Chernobyl period

Author: B.S. Kovalenko, T.P. Golivets

Reference: Journal “Palliative medicine and rehabilitation”

ISSN: 2079-4193

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=14778271